V EBI is a measure of the opposition to the flow of

electrical charges through biological tissue, is

how well the body impedes electric current
flow, and its value depends on the structure
and the intrinsic composition of tissue.
V BIS allows the determination of the human
body content by measuring the body
impedance of a person. In comparison with
other body composition measurement
methods, BIS has two major advantages:

It is a non-invasive procedure
It is easy to use at home.
—his FDP has followed 3 steps
V î
  : We made use of the spectrometer
ImpediMed SFB7. We used 2 methods;
V the 2 - electrodes method
V the 4 - electrodes method.

We took ranges of 10 measurements separated at

the time domainby 4 minutes (t0, t4, t8, t12, t wet,)
—hemeasurementswererepitedforthetwo
methods and forfourpeople. Wewrotethe
name of themeasurement files in a textdocument
in ordertochecklaterwith files names at the
computer. —hispointwasdeveloped in
collaborationwith Helena Ballesteros
V î


—heaquiredmeasurementswereprocessedwi
thMatlab in ordertohavethe mean value and
thestandarddeviation of thespectrums of
Resistance and Reactance. —wo scripts
wereprogrammedforgeneratinggraphics of
theevolution of foursubjects and twokind of
electrodes in comparisonwiththereferenceone.
Weshowed in a graphicfor a determinedsubjectfor
a determinedelectrodetheevolution of the mean
value and the SD at the time domain in
comparisonwiththereferenceelectrode
V W   
0 Microsoft Word Document of more
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V —he body is composed by many different tissues. —he
most important unit of the tissue is the cell:
V —he cell membranes are considered to have a high
capacitance and very low but complicated pattern
conductivity. 0t DC and low frequencies most of the
current passes around the cells with a little portion
flowing through the membrane channels. 0t higher
frequencies the membrane capacitance let 0C
current pass by charge displacement
V —he skin electric comportment is similar to a
capacitor, for DC currents it has high impedance, but
for alternated signals this value decreases
proportionally to the applied frequency.
V —he electrode is one of the most influential elements in an EBI
measurement system, because electrodes do not only
function as potential sensing elements but also as electrical
charge interface between the measurement system and the
body. Dry —extile electrodes do not have an electrolyte to
facilitate the charge transfer, electrons or ions, from the
current injecting leads to the biological tissue and this may
influence the EBI measurement.
V —o pick up electrical signals by intelligent textiles one essential
component of a system design is using an appropriate
electrode-design. —hey must have sufficient electrical
properties, show long-term robustness and should not require
any interaction with the end user.
V —he textile integration of sensors and electronic components
will play an important role in the future within the medical-
technical area.
V —he continuous monitoring of elderly humans living on their
own could be facilitated through the integration of
monitoring systems into everyday textiles, e.g. clothing.
—ypes of usedelectrodes
V Velcro tapes
Width: 2.5 cm & length: adjustable, velcro fastener.
Inner surface, sensor: Synthetic wrap knitted textile
material with silver fibre as a conductive element.
Sensor Manufactured by Clothing+ and developed
by ElinaVälimäki.0pplication: body monitoring in medical and
healthcare applications.Outer material, garment: knitted cotton

V Wrist-ankle band (Bracelet)

Manufactured by —extronics Inc.
Made of: polyamide (nylon) 15%, conductive fibers 30%,
Spandex 20% and polypropylene 35%. —he conductive textile
material is knitted in the inner surface of the cuff electrode.

V Electrolytics (—hereference)
0rea: 10.1cm2 with a snap-button connector.
Outer surface: flexible non-woven polypropylene covered with
polyethylene film.Inner surface: hydro gel conductive adhesive
type.with elastane. 0pplication: diagnostic ECG measurements
V —he SFB7 is the EBI spectroscopy measurement device
manufactured by Impedimed we have used.
—he impedance spectrometer is used to do a
multifrequencybioimpedance analysis, to measure total body
water composition and for assessing arm limphoedema. —he
range frequency used to measure is from 3 kHz to 1000 kHz.
V —he electrical stimulus is applied with a pair of electrodes and
the resulting response is measured with a different pair of
electrodes, the current injected through the electrodes is not
contained in the sensing voltage, an extra pair of electrodes
is used. —he current through the sensing electrodes is zero
therefore the sensing voltage came only from the tissue
Resultsanalysis. Measurement of Resistance vs
FrequencytakenbyVelcro tapes electrodes



  

   

    

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V BIS still lacks a wearable character
V It demands the measurements to be undertaken under controlled
conditions, so the measurement should be only accomplished by
technical personnel
V 0 wearable system should allow an easy use, so that the user can
wear the system without supervision, but at the same time it should
have enough precision to detect small physiological changes
V —extile sensors, when embedded into clothing, can provide new
ways of monitoring physiological signals, and improve the usability
and comfort of such monitoring systems in the areas of medical,
occupational health and sports.
V However, good electrical and mechanical contact between the
electrode and the skin is very important, as it often determines the
quality of the signal.
V Wearable measurement systems are emerging.
V Monitoring and recording body postures and gestures has become
more feasible, as textile materials allow a greater freedom of
movement than the older recording systems.
V —he skin-electrode interface and its
impedance have been studied in this
final degree project. —he skin-electrode
impedance varies at the time domain
with the sweat evolution and also with
the use of abrasive conductive
paste.—hese effects minimize the
impedance interface·s value. —he lower
is the skin ² electrode impedance the
more reliable is the measurement.