PYTHON implementation of

‘Behavioural Pipelined ADC model’

as a function of possible errors
Overview on Pipelined
 Performance characteristics
depends on …..
• Architecture
• Latency
• Digital error correction, Digital calibration
• Component accuracy

• 8-16 bit (100+Msps – Msps)

 Ideal case

• Across all the stages • Gain Error =0

errors being zero • Offset Error =0
• Charge =0
Ideal Residue Plot
• X -> D(ll)D( 12) ... D( 17)
i.e, quantized representation of
the residue output Vout.

• The output D(lO)D(ll) ... D(17)

is identified as the quantized
representation of Vin.

• The digital output D(lO)D(ll) ...

D(17) is plotted as a function
of Vin, resulting in an ideal
transfer characteristic.

• Although D(lO)D(ll). .. D(17)

assumes discrete values, the
transfer characteristic is
plotted continuously for
simplicity.
Non-Ideal case

• Gain >2
<2
• Offset Error =0
• Charge Inj =0
• In case where the gain is greater
than 2, The max value of the
Robertson-plot of the MX2 stage
is a mathematically above the rail
voltage and we get stuck in the
pattern of 1s or zeros consistently
when similar stages forward the
electrical value

• Gain > 2 say 2.3(orange)

• Missing decision at a system level

• Gain < 2 say 1.7(red)

• Missing code at a system level

• Gain = 2 (green)
• Consistent
 What is the price we pay for a
changed value of gain
• Gain > 2 pulls us into saturation at specific cases (i.e,. The
output of further stages stay at a recurring logic 0 or logic 1
even when the successive MX stages are ideal

• Gain < 2 shrinks the Robertson plot. Excessive gain

reduction decreases the total number of decision levels
available and requires an excessive number of additional
stages.
– Considering the aspects of mismatch in the circuits impacting
the performance, could lead to missing decisions and missing
codes when the gain of the stage is less than 2
 Non-Ideality
Case 1 : Impact of gain error at SHA (gain>2)
 Non-Ideality
Case 1 : Impact of gain error at SHA (gain<1)
 Non-Ideality
Case 2 : Impact of gain error at MX2_1(>2) only
 Non-Ideality
Case 2 : Impact of gain error at MX2_1(<2) only
 Non-Ideality
Case 2 : Impact of gain error at MX2_2(>2) only
 Non-Ideality
Case 2 : Impact of gain error at MX2_1(>2) & MX2_2(>2)
Ideal Residue Plot