Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : Ch. Jyothi
Designation : Senior Lecturer
Branch : Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Institute : Government Polytechnic, Proddatur
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : A C Machines I
Code No : EE402
Topic : Single Phase Transformers
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub Topic : Transformation Ratio & Problems on
E.M.F. Equation of a Transformer
Teaching Aids : PPT’S, Animation
Revised by : D.Linga Reddy, HEES J.N.Govt.polytechnic, Hyd
1
9EE 402.7
 Recap

In the previous class, we have discussed about

• E.M.F equation of a transformer

9EE 402.7
 Objective
On completion of this topic , you would
be able to

• Understand the transformation ratio

• Solve problems on E.M.F equation

9EE 402.7 3
 Transformation Ratio

• The ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage is

known as Transformation ratio ( K )

• It is represented by the letter K

• K = V2/V1

9EE 402.7 4
 Transformation Ratio Contd…

• In An ideal transformer
V1=E1
V2=E2
• Hence voltage Ratio V2 / V1 = E2 / E1
= 4.44fN2øm/4.44fN1Øm
= N2/N1

• K = V2/V1 = E2/E1 = N2/N1

9EE 402.7 5
 Transformation Ratio Contd…

• If V2 > V1 or N2 > N1 , then K > 1

• Then the transformer is called STEP-UP transformer

• If V2<V1 or N2 < N1 , then K < 1

• Then the transformer is called STEP-DOWN

transformer

9EE 402.7 6
 Transformation Ratio Cond….

• Current Ratio

• In an IDEAL transformer losses are

negligible

Hence OUTPUT =INPUT

V2I2 = V1I1

I2/I1 = E1/E2 = N1/N2 = 1/K

• Current ratio is inverse to transformation ratio

9EE 402.7 7
 Example 1

• A single phase transformer has 350 turns primary

and 1050 secondary turns .The primary is
connected to 400 V, 50Hz a.c. supply . If the net
cross sectional area of the core is 50 cm2
,calculate (i) the maximum value of flux density in
the core and (ii) the induced e.m.f. in the
secondary winding.

9EE 402.7 8
Given Data
• No. of primary turns N1= 350
• No. of secondary turns N2 = 1050
• Voltage applied to the primary V1 = 400V
• Primary induced e.m.f. E1 = V1 = 400V
• Net cross sectional area A = 50 cm2
= 50x10-4 m2
• Supply frequency = 50 Hz
• Find ?
Bm = ?
E2 = ? 9EE 402.7 9
Solution
• Primary induced e.m.f. E1 = 4.44fN1Øm

= 4.44fN1Bm×A

= 400 V

• Maximum value of flux density in the core Bm

= E1/4.44fN1A

= 400/4.44x50×400×50×10-4

= 1.0296 wb/m2 or Tesla

9EE 402.7 10
 Solution Cond…

• Secondary induced e.m.f. E2 = N2/N1 ×E1

= 1050/350 × 400

E2 = 1200 Volts.

9EE 402.7 11
 Example 2
A 500 KVA , 11000/400V, 50 Hz , single phase

transformer has 100 turns on the secondary winding.

Calculate (1) the approximate number of turns in the

primary winding (2) the approximate value of the primary

and secondary currents and (3) the maximum value of

flux in the core.

9EE 402.7 12
Given Data

• Rating of the transformer = 500 KVA

• Primary applied voltage V1 = 11000 V

• Secondary voltage V2 = 400V

• No. of secondary turns N2 = 100

• No. of primary turns N1 = N2×E2/E1

9EE 402.7 13
Find ?

• N1 = ?

• I1 = ?

• I2 = ?

• Øm = ?

9EE 402.7
Solution
• Approximate No. of Primary turns N1 = N2 × V1/ V2
= 100×11000/ 400
N1 = 2750

• Full load primary current I1 = rated KVA×1000/V1

= 500 ×1000 / 11000
= 45.45 A

• Full load Secondary current I2 = rated KVA×1000/V1

= 500×1000/400
= 1250 A
9EE 402.7 15
 Solution Cond….

• Primary induced e.m.f. E1 = 4.44fN1Qm

= V1

• Maximum value of flux in the core, Øm

= E1/4.44fN1
= 11000/4.44x50×2750
= 0.018 wb.

9EE 402.7 16
 Example 3

• A single phase 600/230 V , 50 Hz transformer has

a core area of 400 cm2 and a maximum flux density

of 1.18 wb/m2 , calculate the number of turns in

primary and secondary windings .

9EE 402.7 17
Given data

• Voltage applied to the primary E1 = 6600 V

• Secondary voltage E2 = 230 V
• Supply frequency f = 50 Hz
• Core area A = 400 cm2
= 400x10-4 m2
• Maximum value of flux density = 1.18 T (wb/m2)

• Find ?
• N1 = ?
• N2 = ?
9EE 402.7 18
 Solution

• flux in the core Øm = Bm×A

= 1.18×400×10-4 wb

• Primary induced e.m.f. E1 = 4.44fN1Øm

• primary turns N1 = E1/4.44fØm

= 6600/4.44×50×1.18×400×10-4

= 630

9EE 402.7 19
 Solution Contd…

Secondary induced e.m.f. E2 = 4.44fN2 Øm

N2 = E2 / 4.44f Øm

= 230/4.44×50×1.18×400×10-4

= 22 volts

9EE 402.7 20
 Summary

We have discussed about

• The transformation ratio

• Problems solved on E.M.F. equation of a single

phase transformer

9EE 402.7 21
 Quiz

1) The transformation ratio of a transformer is given by

a) V2/V1

b) N2/N1

c) I1/I2

d) All the above

9EE 402.7 22
 Quiz

2) For step-up transformer, the transformation ratio (K) is

A. Less than one

B. Greater than one

C. Equal to unity

D. None of the above

9EE 402.7 23