LTE RF Basic Concerpt

LTE RF basic concept
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Introduce the knowledge about the meanings of typical
indicators.
 Get familiar with causes of typical interference.
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. RF Basics
2. Interference introduction
Introduction to Power Unit
 Absolute power(dBm)
The absolute power of RF signals is notated by dBm and dBW.
Their conversion relationships with mW and W are: e.g., the signal
power is x W, its size notated by dBm is:
 PW *1000mw 
p (dBm )  10 lg  
 1mw 
 P1mw 
For example, 1W=30dBm=0dBW. p ( dB)  10 lg
 

 P2 mW 
 Relative power(dB)
It is the logarithmic notation of the ratio of any two powers
For example：If P1  2w , P2  1w so P1 is 3dB greater than P2
Main signal indicators in LTE
RSRP (Reference signal received power)
 RSRP is the average power of resource elements that carry RS in
measured bandwidth.
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)
The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise
generated in the receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver
pulse shaping filter.
RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) ) = (N*RSRP)/RSSI
N is the number of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement
bandwidth. The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be
made over the same set of resource blocks.
SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio) = S / (I + N)
Signal(S): Power of useful signal
Interference(I): power of interference signal
Noise(N): Thermal noise of receiver
Noise-Related Concepts
 Noise
 Noise means the unpredictable interference signal that occur during
the signal processing (the point frequency interference is not
counted as noise)
 Noise figure
 Noise figure is used for measuring the processing capability of the
RF component for small signals, and is usually defined as: output
SNR divided by unit input SNR
Si
Ni
NF
So
No
Noise-Related Concepts
 Noise figure formula of cascaded network
G
1
¡
N
¢
F
1G
2
¡
N
¢F
2
G
n
¡
¢
NF
n
NF 2  1 NFn  1
NFtotal  NF 1   ... 
G1 G1  G 2  ...  Gn  1
Receiving Sensitivity
 Receiving sensitivity
Expressed with power:
Smin=10log(KTB)+ Ft (NF) +(S/N), unit: dBm

K is a Boltzmann constant, unit: J/K (joule /K) , K=1.38066*10-19 J/K
T represents absolute temperature, unit: °K
B represents signal bandwidth, unit: Hz
Ft represents noise figure, unit: dB
(S/N) represents required signal-to-noise ratio, unit: dB
If B=1Hz, 10log(KTB)=-174dBm/Hz
RF Components
 Tower Mounted Amplifier
 Enlarge uplink signal, but it’s a loss
for downlink
 Duplexer
 Sharing antenna for receiving and
transmitting
 Sharing antenna for multi-system
RF Components
 Splitter
 Coupler
Distribution System
Splitter
Splitter
Splitter
Coupler
Trunk
Trunk
Tx/Rx
Splitter
Splitter
Splitter
Coupler
Trunk
Splitter
Coupler
Splitter
Contents
1. RF Basics
2.1 Intra-system interference
2.2 inter-system interference
Interference Caused by Out of
Frame or GPS Clock Loss
DL UL DL UL
DL UL DL UL
The LTE TDD has a demanding requirement on clock synchronization. If

the clock of eNodeB A is not synchronous with that of a neighboring cell
within a network, and downlink (DL) signals from eNodeB A are received
by a neighboring cell, interference occurs during UL signal receiving of a
neighboring cell.
Interference Caused by TDD
Long Distance
Interference Caused by Incorrect
Data Configuration
Intra-system interference increases due to incorrect data
configurations about the following items:
 System frequency
 Physical cell identifier (PCI)
 Uplink-downlink subframe configuration
 TDD time offset
Interference Caused by
Coverage Overlap
Cause interference
Cell1 Cell2
Actual coverage Expected coverage
Contents
1. RF Basics
2.1 Intra-system interference
2.2 inter-system interference
Spurious Emission Interference
Spurious emission interference refers to the additive interference

generated by the interference source on the working frequency
band of the receiver that is interfered with.
Blocking Interference
A receiver usually works at a linear area. When a receiver receives

strong signals, it works in non-linear mode or in a saturation state in
some cases. This is called blocking interference.
Intermodulation Interference
When multiple strong signals are received by a receiver at the same time, the
intermodulation product is generated by the signals affected by the front end
non-linear circuit of the receiver. Then, the frequency of the intermodulation
product falls on the useful frequency band of the receiver and causes the
intermodulation interference.
Thank you
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LTE RF Basic Concerpt

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LTE RF basic concept

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Get familiar with causes of typical interference.

For example：If P1  2w , P2  1w so P1 is 3dB greater than P2

 Noise figure formula of cascaded network

Smin=10log(KTB)+ Ft (NF) +(S/N), unit: dBm

T represents absolute temperature, unit: °K

B represents signal bandwidth, unit: Hz

Ft represents noise figure, unit: dB

(S/N) represents required signal-to-noise ratio, unit: dB

 Sharing antenna for multi-system

2.1 Intra-system interference

2.2 inter-system interference

The LTE TDD has a demanding requirement on clock synchronization. If

 Physical cell identifier (PCI)

 Uplink-downlink subframe configuration

 TDD time offset

Actual coverage Expected coverage

2.1 Intra-system interference

2.2 inter-system interference

Spurious emission interference refers to the additive interference

A receiver usually works at a linear area. When a receiver receives

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