Information System Software

 Minhaz Rahman
 Md. Fahad Bhuiyan
 Sazzad Hossain
 Abu Raihan
 Afrin Hossain
 Assikuzzaman Shohan
If ‘Hardware’ is the body then
‘Software’ is the life to that.
 Software is a set of programs that tell
hardware/computer about what needs to do.

 Software is needed because hardware cannot

function without it.

 Computer and other devices must have

programs to tell them what to do.
Alone hardware is valueless.
Software makes it useful.
 Program is a set of instruction that tells the
computer what to do.

 Software is a set of programs needed to

perform several functions.
 The entire ‘Microsoft Word Document’ is a
‘SOFTWARE’.
But the saving option, printing option or
zooming option is a ‘Program’ by itself; those
types of programs make the whole ‘Software.’
There are 2 types of information system
software:

1) Application Software
2) System Software
 Application software is a program or group of
programs that design to perform specific task
for the end-users.

For example:
Microsoft Office, Chrome, KMPlayer, Bijoy
Bangla etc.
 There are 4 types of application software:

 Individual Application Software:

i) Word Processing Software
ii) Spreadsheet Software
iii) Database Software

 Workgroup Application Software:

i) Electronic Messaging Software
ii) Information Sharing Software
iii) Electronic Conferencing Software
 Organizational Application Software:
i) Business Operation Support Software
ii) Management Decision Support Software

 Inter-organizational Application Software:

i) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Software
ii) Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) Software
 System software is the software that provides
capabilities to make computer usable.

 It gives a platform in which all the application

software are operated.

 The most important system software is the

‘Operating System Software.’ Without it
computer is extremely difficult to use.
 An operating system is a group of programs
that manages the operation of the computer.

 Every device must need an operating system

software.

 The operating system controls the computer

when other programs are not executing.
Example :
Windows, Unix, Linux etc.
 Hardware

Mouse, Printer,
Keyboard.

Operating System

Application Software
 There are 3 main function of an operating
system:

1. Process Management: keeping track of all

the program executions.

2. Resources Management: Assigning the

resources i.e. primary storage, secondary
storage, input-output devices to each process.

3. Data Management: Managing the movement of

data between the main components.
 Most of the programs in an operating system are
stored in secondary storage.

 But there is a ‘Supervisor’ program that is stored

in the primary storage while the computer is
running.

 This program controls the computer when

another program is not executing.

 It loads other programs in the primary storage

that need to be executed by the computer.
 The supervisor program passes the control of the
computer to the program that needs to be
executed.
Primary Storage Primary Storage
Supervisor Supervisor
Program 1 Program 1

Program 2 Program 2

Program 3 Program 3

a) Executing program 1 b) Executing program 2

 Multitasking: Some of the operating system can
perform only one program at a time; this known
as ‘Single-tasking.’
But most of the operating system can execute
more than one program at a time which is
known as ‘Multitasking.’

Primary Storage Primary Storage

Supervisor
Supervisor
Program 1
Program 1
Program 2

Single Tasking Multitasking

 Multiple-user: Some operating systems allow
only one user to use the computer at a time.
They are called ‘Single user Operating System.’

On the other hand, some operating system

allow more than one user to use at a time.
They are called ‘Multiple user operating system.’
 Windows: Developed by Microsoft for
personal computer. It has different version,
like:
1. Windows Vista
2) Windows XP
3) Windows 7
4) Windows 8, 8.1, 10 etc.

 OS/2: An operating system developed by IBM

for IBM personal computer.
 UNIX: This operating system was developed
by Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s. It was
developed for minicomputers.

 Linux: Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.

 Utility Program: used for performing common
functions. Examples:
Print utility, Copy utility, Sort utility etc.

 Communication Software: used for

communication between computers. Examples:
Terminal Emulation Software, Client Software etc.

 Database Management System: used for

managing database.
 Software is developed by a process called
Programming.

 Programming involves a number of steps for

writing the instructions in a mode that a
computer can understand.

 Programming Language is a set of rules for

preparing a computer program.

 The people who prepare the instruction for

the computer is known as Programmer.
 Programming Language is like a natural
language consisting of words, symbols and
rules of grammar.

 The grammatical rules of a programming

language is known as ‘Syntax’.

 A programmer needs to combine the word and

symbols according to the syntax to form an
instruction.

 The first programming language was developed

in the 1950s.
 Programming language fall into 5 generation:

1. Machine Language (1st Generation)

( Basic computer language, Machine dependent
Language, Written in binary (0,1) format, directly
understandable by the computer )

2. Assembly Language ( 2nd Generation)

( Use symbolic code instead of binary, is easier than
machine language, needs a translator program
called Assembler to translate an assembly language
into machine language )
3. 3rd Generation Language:
( close to human language, needs to
translate into object program or machine
language )
Examples: C, C++, Cobol, Fortran, Basic etc.

4. 4th Generation Language:

( Machine independency , Faster program
writing, Quicker performance )
Examples: Query Language like SQL,
Application generator etc.

5. 5th Generation Language:

( Programs will be like natural language
i.e. English. )
 ‘Traditional Programming’ separates the processed
data from the program.
Fortran, C, Basic etc. are traditional programming language.

 But in ‘Object Oriented Programming’, programs and

data are not separate rather they are combined to an
object .
C++, C#, Visual Basic etc. are object oriented programming.

Programs Data Programs Data

Object
Traditional Programming
 Object Oriented Programming
 Internet programming language is used to
develop web pages for internet.

 Common internet programming language are:

i) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
ii) Extensible Markup Language (XML)
iii) Java etc.
 That’s All.

If there is any question, raise your hand.