Preface

INTRODUCTION
CIRCUITS
BOILER ?
PROPERTIES
COMPONENTS OF BOILER
FANS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADWANTAGES
 Description

A thermal power station is power Station in which converts

heat energy into electrical power. In must of the places
in the world the turbine is steam-driven. Water is heated,
terms into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives
An electrical generator.
 Circuits
There are four type of circuits work on thermal power plants.
1. Coal & Ash Circuit
2. Water into steam circuit
3. Air & Flue gas circuit
4. Cooling tower
 Coal and ash circuit
C.H.P (Coal handling Plant) bunker feeder Coal Mill Coal Pipe

Furnace Super heater Eco (IL/OL) A.P.H (IL/OL) E.S.P Cello

 Water –Steam circuit
Reservoir Clarifier Mechanical clarifier DM Plant DM Storage Tank
Condensate Storage Tank Hot Well C.E.P Main ejector G.S.C
Drain Cooler Low pressure heater ( 1,2,3) Deaerator B.F.P
H.P heater(5,6) F.R.S Economiser ( IL/OL) Boiler Drum L.T.S.H
Primary heater Re heater Final super heater Main Steam Turbine.
 Boiler
Boiler is a close vessel .that are used to convert water into steam
by the combustion of fuel.
Sources of a Boiler
• Wood
• Coal
• Desiel
• Nuclear gases
 TYPES OF BOILER
According to the contents in the tubes,
• Water tube
• Fire tube
 Water tube boiler
In water tube boilers, the water is present inside the tubes and
the fire or hot gases surrounds these water tubes.
The examples of water tube boilers are:
• Benson boiler
• Stirling boiler
• Babcock and wilcox boiler
 Boiler Properties
• Safety:- The boiler should be safe under the operating conditions.
• Accessibility:- The Various part of boiler should be accessible for repair & maintenance.
• Capacity:- Should be capable of supplying steam according to the requirements.
• Efficiency:- Should be able ton absorb a maximum amount of heat produced due to burning of fuel
in the furnace.
• It should be simple in construction.
• its initial cost and maintenance cost is low.
• It should be capable of quick starting and loading.
 Components of Boiler
Key components of boiler are:
• Burner:- A burner is a mechanical device that supplies required amount of fuel & air and creates a
condition of rapid mixing and produce flame.
• Supply line :- Hydronic heating systems use piping to deliver the heated water or steam to the
distribution points, and the supply lines are the pipes that distribute the hot water or steam to
distributor.
• Return line:- When the water cools, or the steam cools and changes states back to the boiler for
reheating .
• Refractory:- Refractory actually refers to refractory material that are used for filling any gaps or
openings that may be around the fire box – this helps ensure the fire stays in the fire box.
• B.F.P :- Boiler feed pump is a specific type of pump used to pump feed water into a steam boiler.
• Furnace:- An enclosed spaced provided for the combustion of fuel.
• Safety Valve:- A safety valve is a valve that acts as a fail-safe.

• Soot blower:- A soot blower is a device for removing the soot that is deposited on the furnace tubes of a
boiler during combustion.
There are two types of boiler used in thermal power plants .
1.Wallll blower 2. Long retractable soot blower

Wall blower:- This type of soot blower is located in area of furnace . There is not temp limitations in its use
has 1 or 2 nozzle in Lance tubes with deameter approximately 25mm . The steam flow through soot blower
approximately 3.5 tph.. There are 48 wall blower used in boiler .
• Long retractable soot blower:- This type of soot blower is located In area
super heater and re-heqter. There is not temp limitations in its use has a pair of
nozzle in Lance tube located on both side in exact opposition with deameter
approximately 22 or 25 mm .
parts use Of L.R.S.B
• Poppet valve Lance tube. Limit switch. Ratary motor
. Air motor
• Deaerator:- A deaerator is a device that removes oxygen and other dissolved gases from water,
such as feed water for steam generating boiler.
• Super heater:-A super heater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into
superheated steam or dry steam.
• Boiler drum :- Boiler drum is a standard feature of a water tube boiler . It is a reservoir of water
steam at the top end of water tubes.t he drum stored steam generated in the water tubes and acts
as a phase separator for the water/steam mixture.
• Air pre-heater :-A device which increase the temp of air before it supply to the furnace using heat
from flue gases passing through chimney.
• Economiser:- A device, which increases the temp of feed water using waste heat of
flue gases leaving the boiler through chimany.
• E.S.P:- An electrostatic precipitator is a filtration device that removes fine particles, like dust and
smokes, from a flue gases.

Fans used in boiler

• Primary air fan :- Primary air fans are high pressure fans used to supply the air for the transporting
of coal directly from the pulveriser to the furnace.
• Forced Draft Fan:- Forced draft fan supply the air necessary for fuel combustion by
pushing the air through the combustion air supply system and into the furnace.
• Induced draft fan:-Induced draft fan are placed at the outlet of the boiler system
and exhaust all gaseous combustion products, or flue gas , from the boiler by
creating a negative pressure or suction within the furnace.
• Seal air fan:-Seal air fan is used to prevent coal dust particles coming out of the pulveriser,
secondly the seal air is also used in rotary belt feeders to the hot primary air from entering bunker
via feeder route which can cause fire, therefore as a rule seal air is kept at a higher pressure as
compared to the primary air.

• Scanner air fan:-Scanner air fans are small fans ( Both AC & DC) for supplying cooling air to
scanner head. Scanner heads are placed near the fuel nozzle of every elevation to monitor
the fireball of the furnace.
 Valve
Valve is device that are use to regulate, direct, or control the
flow of fluid by opening closing or partially obestracting by the
various passageway.
Types of valves
• Linear motion valve
• Rotary motion valve
• Quarter turn valve
 Mounting and accessories
Mounting:- First categories include the fittings which are primarily indicated for the
safety of the boiler and for complete control the process of steam generation. These
units are called mountings. The mounting from an integral part of the boiler and are
mounted on the body of the boiler itself. The following mountings are usually installed
on the boiler.
• safety valve
• water level indicators
• Pressure gauge
• Steam stop valve
• Feed check valve
• Man hole
 Mounting and accessories
Accessories:-Second categories include the components which are installed to increase the efficiency
of the steam power plants and help in the power working of the boiler unit. These fitting are called
boiler accessories. The following accessories are given below.
• Air pre-heater
• Economiser
• Super heater
• Feed pump and
• Injector
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantage:-
• Plant efficiency can be increased by using higher temperatures and pressures without unduly
increasing the walls thickness
• Its design flexibility and rapid circulation prevents thermal stressing problems in the tank
boilers which leads to grooving
• Thinner tube materials allow rapid steam raising and faster heat transfer rates
• These thin tubes are easier to expand or bend
• The design of these boilers provide highly efficient performance due to which they can be
even employed to produce saturated or superheated steam
• Disadvantages:-
• These boilers cannot be manufactured in packaged forms. Their installation procedure at the
job site tends to be comparatively difficult and time-consuming
• The use of more than 30 burners in power generating plants is generally avoided due to
increased complexity
• Their cleaning and maintaining processes are quite complicated when compared to fire tube
boiler systems
• Since there is no accord between tube designs, replacing tubes is not possible in water tube
boilers
Thank You