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8086/8088 Architecture and Hardware specifications

Lecture 01 1
Microprocessor Applications
 Industrial Control
 Home appliances
 Vehicles
 Security Systems
 Defense Systems
 Health Systems

Lecture 01 2
Processing Data & Executing Code
 Microprocessor has to monitor an input signal X
 If X is greater than a user defined variable, then output
control signal is ON, otherwise OFF
 (X > var1) = Z
 How does microprocessor compare input signals and
set the output to ON/OFF?
 Write a program which the microprocessor executes to
solve the equation

Lecture 01 3
Processing Data & Executing Code
 Where should the program be written and stored?
 Memory
 RAM or ROM ?
 Microprocessor reads program instruction from ROM
 Program is stored in Hard disk for latter use

Lecture 01 4
Microprocessor Interfacing
Input data/
signals
Program
Memory

Real World
Microprocessor
System Display

Keypad

Output data/
signals

Lecture 01 5
Processing Data & Executing Code
 Which language should be used to write the program?
 Use C++ to write the program
 C++ is not understood by 8088
 C++ complied to generate machine code
 Machine code?
 unique sequence of 1 & 0s
 Different compilers available to generate target code for
different processors

Lecture 01 6
Compare Program Assembly
Code
 (X > var1) = Z
 var1 is a variable stored in memory location 0FA1
 IN A, 1A H
 Get data value from input port 1AH and store it in
microprocessor register A
 CMP A, 0FA1 H
 Compare the contents of register A with contents of memory
location 0FA1 H (var1)
 JG set Z
 If contents of register A greater, then set Z = 1

Lecture 01 7
Instruction
 Operation to be performed (Opcode)
 Number of bits in opcode field specify the different
number of operations
 Values on which operation to be performed
(Operands)
 Number of bits in operand field specify the size of values
on which operation is performed

Lecture 01 8
Instruction Execution (MOV A,
X) Execute Instruction
Fetch Instruction
8088 Issue
IssueAddress
AddressofofX RAM
MOV A, X
MOV A, X
Address Bus

Code
Control Bus

Data Bus

Data
Decode Instruction
Decoding MOV A, X

Lecture 01 9
Instruction Execution
Instruction 8088 Operation
Fetch Decode Fetch Execute
MOV A, X Inst. Inst. Data A=3
MOV B, Y Inst. Inst. Data B=4
ADD C, A, B Inst. Inst. C=7
MOV Z, C Inst. Inst. Z=7

Lecture 01 10
Microprocessor executing Compare
Program
8088 RAM

Input Port

Output Port

Lecture 01 11
Internal hardware of 8088
 Registers
 temporary storage area to hold data values
 Registers named A, B, C, D etc
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
 Hardware which performs arithmetic and logical
operations
 Control Unit
 Decodes the instructions fetched from memory
 Generates control signals to perform operations

Lecture 01 12

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