Finite Element Method (FEM)

(Bar)

Course code: NTME 637

3 sks

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Purpose
 Understand the application of FEM on problem engineering.
 The student can imply the procedure for solving the problem on
Bar.

2
Introduction
Bar

Spring
Characteristic:
 Cross section area
 Length

3
Behavior of typical element
Strain-displacement relationship

du x : strain
x  ui : displacement
dx x : direction in x-axis

Ex: Small deformation in 1D case

Strain-stress relationship

 x  E x x : strain
ui : displacement
E : Modulus elasticity
Hook law

𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐸
𝐹 = 𝑘. ∆𝑙 𝐹= ∆𝑙 𝑘𝑒𝑞 =
𝐿 𝐿
𝐴𝐸
𝑘𝑒𝑞 without consider A & L consider A & L
𝐿

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Stiffness Matrix of Bar
𝐸𝐴ൗ − 𝐸𝐴ൗ𝐿
𝑘 −𝑘 𝐿
𝑘= =
−𝑘 𝑘 − 𝐸𝐴ൗ𝐿 𝐸𝐴ൗ
𝐿
Atau

𝐸𝐴 1 −1
𝑘=
𝐿 −1 1

Persamaan kesetimbangan sistem:

𝐸𝐴 1 −1 𝑢𝑖 𝑓𝑖
𝐿 −1 1 𝑢𝑗 = 𝑓𝑗

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Example
Diketahui:
P = 6x104 N
E = 2x105 N/mm
A P B A = 300 mm2
L = 150 mm
L L ∆ ∆ = 1,2 mm

Ditanya:
FA & FB ?

6
Example
𝐸𝐴 1 −1
𝑘=
𝐿 −1 1

Element 1
𝐸𝐴 1 −1 𝑢1 𝑓1
𝑘1 = =
𝐿 −1 1 𝑢2 𝑓2

Element 2
𝐸𝐴 1 −1 𝑢2 𝑓2
𝑘2 = =
𝐿 −1 1 𝑢3 𝑓3

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Example

Global stiffness matrix

𝑢1 𝑓1
𝐸𝐴 1 −1 0
−1 2 −1 𝑢2 = 𝑓2
𝐿
0 −1 1 𝑢3 𝑓3

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Example
Equilibrium of system

Diketahui:
P = F2 = 6x104 N
∆ = u3 =1,2 mm
u1 = 0

𝐸𝐴 1 −1 0 0 𝑓1
−1 2 −1 𝑢2 = 6x104
𝐿 𝑓3
0 −1 1 1,2

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Example
E = 2x105 N/mm2
A = 300 mm2
L = 150 mm

𝐸𝐴 2 −1 𝑢2 6x104 𝐸𝐴 2x105 . 300

1,2 = = = 4 x105 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝐿 −1 1 𝑓3 𝐿 150

4 x105 (2u2 – 1,2)= 6x104

𝑓1 = 4 x105 (0−0.675)= − 2,7x105 N
8 x105 u2 - 4,8 x105 = 6x104
𝑓3 = 4𝑥105 −0,675 + 1,2
(0,6x105 +4,8 x105 ) = −2,7x105 + 4,8x105
𝑢2 = = 0,675 𝑚𝑚 = 2,1x105 N
8 x105

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Bar
Diketahui:
1mm P = 6x104 N
A P E = 2x105 N/mm
3mm B
t = 10 mm
2mm
Ditanya:
1mm 3mm 2mm FA & uB?

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