Rights and

Duties
Minette Esclares
Jenelyn Robles
Mary Joy Corpuz
Catherine Paderagao
John Crestian Luces
Allan Kiel Azogue
 Notion of Right
Right, objectively, is anything which is owed or
due. Taken subjectively as possessed by a
person, right is the moral power, bound to be
respected by others, of doing possessing or
requiring something.
 Kinds of Rights
1.Natural Rights – are those based on
natural law.
2. Human Rights – are those based on
the human laws, either those enacted
by the state or by Religion.
3. Alienable and Inalienable Rights – Alienable rights
are those which could be surrendered, renounced, or
removed. Inalienable rights are those which cannot be
surrendered, renounced, and removed.
4. Juridical and Non-Juridical Rights – Juridical rights
are those based on the law. Non-Juridical rights are those
based on virtue rather than strict justice.
5. Right of Jurisdiction – is the power of the lawful
authority to govern and make laws for his constituents or
dependents.
Characteristic of Rights
1.Coaction – is the power inherent in rights to prevent
their being violated and to exact redress for their
unjust violation.
2.Limitation – Is the natural limit or boundary beyond
which a right may not be insisted without violating
the right of other.
3.Collision – is the conflict of two rights so related
that it is not possible to exercise one without
violating the other.
Civil and Political Rights
In a democratic society, the
individual person is assured
of his civil and political
rights
.
•Civil Rights – are those enjoyed by
person as private individual in pursuit of
their personal activities and in their
transaction with others.
•Political Rights – are those enjoyed by
person as citizen in their participation in
government affair.
 The Bill of Rights
Is a list of rights pertaining to
person. Those rights are
recognized guaranteed, and
protected against invasion,
reduction, or destruction.
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
The sum of human rights is not limited
to the civil and political rights of
individual. Today, human rights include
economic, social, and cultural rights.
 The Meaning of Duty
Duty, taken objectively is anything we
are bound to do or omit. Taken
subjectively, it is a moral obligation
incumbent upon a person to do or omit
or avoid something.
Correlation of Right and Duty
Rights and Duty are correlated in a
given person. One who has a right to
something has the duty to act
consistent with that right.
Reciprocity of Rights and Duties
In interpersonal relationship,
rights and duties are reciprocal.
The right of one person implies in
another the duty to respect that
right.
 Kinds of Duty
1.Natural Duties – are those
imposed by natural law.
2.Positive Duties – are imposed
by a human positive law.
 Exemption from Duty

Duties are to be complied with

unless one is prevented by a
strong and just reason.
 Principles of Exemption from Duty
1.Negative Duties arising from negative natural law
admit to exemption are those that requires the
omission of an evil act.
2.Affirmative Duties arising from affirmative precepts of
natural law admit exemptions when the act is rendered
impossible under certain condition or would involve
excessive hardship on the person.
3.Ordinary Hardship which come along with the
performance of a duty do not exempt one from
complying with such duty.
 Conflict of Duties
There is a conflict when two or
more of them needs to be
answer at the same time. In this
situation the following guideline
will be useful:
1. Duties toward God must be given priority over those
towards men.
2.Duties that secure public order or the common good
have priority over those the safeguard the individual.
3. Duties toward the family and relatives take precedence
over those towards strangers.
4.Duties of greater importance take precedence over
those of lesser importance.
5. Duties based on higher law take precedence over those
coming from lower laws.