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EARLY GLIMPSE
Architecture of the 19th Century
Modernist
movements at the
turn of the 20th
century,
architectural design
reflecting:
1. Modernization of
society.
2. Rapid
technological
advancement.
Architecture of the 19th Century
It covers numerous
movements, schools of
design, and architectural
styles, some in tension with
one another, others
overlapping and defying
each other.
Architecture of the 19th Century
Postconstructivism (1930s)
Architecture of the 19th Century
The iron,the glass and the
wood
Standardized and
industrial prefabricated
of parts
Architectural engineering
Others are,
MICHAEL GRAVES,PORTLAND
BUILDING,OREGON:1979-82
Post-Modernist – ‘Less is bore’
Gehry,Guggenheim Bilbao,1993-97
De-Architecture – ‘question vs answer’
Rationality expressionism
Industrial Revolution
Era of mechanization
Built machine shops/iron foundries
Steam engine
Railways
Glass
Architecture of the 19th Century
29
Railway stations
‘industrial style’
First rail track built in Britain (1825)
By 1854, 9000 miles length of track
Railway stations
‘examples’
As a result,
The urgent needs for labours to work
in factories and construction
Causing migration to urban areas
Urban conditions
Factories,
smokes
Traffic
congestions
Pollution and
health concerns
Drainage
problems
Source: www.flatrock.org.nz/.../march_of_the_machine.htm
Urban Development
39
Gardens as
part of the
planning
Urban Development
43
Liveable and
friendlier
neighbour hood
Urban Development
44
‘Cite Industrielle’
In this town,
The houses are simple and cubical in form
Cite Industrielle,
aerial view and
normal view
Urban Development
48
Technological development
Urban transformation
Architecture of the 20th Century
49
Auguste Perret
William Morris
Philip Webb
John Ruskin
Previously, it was
mentioned that such
movement evolved as a
reaction to the
‘mechanistic’ structure.
‘Machine’ vs ‘humanity
& romanticism’
The return to the beauty
of nature, traditional
arts and craftsmanship
Arts & Crafts movement
53
Exposure of materials
‘bricks and stucco’
Simple molding
Curvilinear ornaments
‘leaves and plants’
Timber and built-in,
crafted furniture
Arts & Crafts movement
56
Art Nouveau
Later
developed into different names as
regional variants
Architecture of the 20th Century BRUSSELS
59
Victor Horta
Overblown decoration
Hector Guimard, Entrance to the Metro Station,Paris
1900
Architecture of the 20th Century
SPAIN MODERNISMO
61
lavish
intricate
ornamental
exotic
Architecture of the 20th Century
vs revival of the 19th century
63
Tradition, nationalisme
Vs
Universalism, globalisation
Architecture of the 20th Century
Cube instead of curve: Glasgow and Vienna
64
Otto Wagner
Pure architecture
“ORNAMENT IS CRIMINAL”
67
Architecture of the 20th Century
68
UTOPIAN IDEA
The beginning of
Expressionism
The Grosses Schauspielhaus (The Great Theater) Berlin 1919, Hans Poelzig
The catalysts of Modern Architecture
France
‘Cubism’
ITALY
‘Futurism’
Key ideas
Began as a poetic movement than expanded into
architecture
Expression of a denial of the past and a belief in
progress
Idealism-’new imagery city’-modern metropolis
Movement and the power of speed as a defining
academies
New beauty- ‘beauty of speed’ – ‘dynamism’
Antonio Sant’elia
The catalysts of Modern Architecture
89
La Citta Nouva
‘the new city’
Ideas,
Abstract and poetic – abolish
decoration
Swift, mobile and dynamic
Mechanical analogies
HOLLAND
‘de stijl’
It was formed in 1917 by Influenced by
French Cubists
Theo van Doesburg
Neo-plasticism
Conception of spaces
Reaction towards ‘Classical Beaux Art’
Influenced by African sculptural arts, oriental carpets and
Japanese printing
Simple and geometrical
Straight lines
Plain cubes with interpenetrating flat planes
Primary colors
The catalysts of Modern Architecture
97
RUSSIA
‘Constructivism’
After the Russian revolution,
artistic and architectural expression through art,
poster and propaganda
social reconstruction to portray Russians as the
most advance society
from 1917 to 1932 Russian artistic ideas were among
the foremost in the world
The catalysts of Modern Architecture
103
Artworks, sculptures
Suprematism, 1918
Kasimir Malevich and Lazar Lissitsky
The catalysts of Modern Architecture
106
ITALY
‘Rationalist’
Emphasises,
‘Architecture should based strictly on laws of logic
and proportion’
The catalysts of Modern Architecture
113
Discussions
Revolutionary of the voices and languages in
architecture in responding to the scientific and
technological progress
Similarities and differences of movements
Order and logic of the ‘classical’
Natural organism of the ‘romanticism’
The catalysts of Modern Architecture
115
Italian Rationalist
GIUSEPPE TERRAGNI AND GRUPPO 7
Summary
Modern architecture began as,
• Social reaction towards the life styles of
the previous societies – ‘social revolution’
• Industrialization
• The need to change – ‘universal, spirit of
experiment, inquiry and artistic’
117
to be continued…..