 

MEMBERS
1)A.VIJAY
2)R.SUNIL KUMAR
3)B.VAMSHI KRISHNA
4) RAVI
NECESSITY
HISTORY
TYPES OF ANTENNAS
YAGI-UDA ANTENNA
Block diagram of wireless communication :

Ref:http://pocs1.blogspot.com/2012/03/general-block-diagram-of- communication.html

At the initial stage of electronic communications all the communication systems are
wired(Guided communication) only but the main disadvantage of this communication is cost
because, as the distance between the transmitter and receiver is increased then cost of
communication is also increased and it also is impossible to provide communication world
wide using wired(channel is wire).
Then the communication scientists started research on the propagation of signals over
the free space (wireless medium) and after lot of research the scientist named Heinrich Hertz
was built the first Radio antenna in 1886.
 HISTORY
Around the 1830’s Faraday did an experiment on the coupling of electrical
and magnetic fields and he successful coupled the both fields transmitted through a
single medium. In 1886 Heinrich Hertz developed a wireless communication in which
he forced an electrical spark to occur in the gap of a dipole antenna. By 1901 Marconi
was sending information across the Atlantic .For a transmit antenna, he used several
vertical wires attached to the ground.
An “Antenna” or “Arial” is the structure that is capable of radiating or
receiving the electromagnetic waves . Antenna is generally a metallic object such as a
wire or collection of wires used to convert high frequency current(modulated signal)
into electromagnetic waves and vice-versa.
Transmitter
Electrical signal Transducer Electromagnetic signal
Receiver
Antennas are our electronic eyes and ears on the world. They are our links with
space. They are essential, integral part of our civilization.
 Types of Antennas
Yagi - Uda Antenna(1920’s)
Horn Antennas(1939)
Antenna Arrays(1940)
Parabolic Reflectors(1945)
Helical Antenna(1960)
Patch Antennas(1970)
PIFA(1980-Planer Inverted F-Antenna)
 Yagi - Uda Antenna
 In the 1926, Dr. Shintaro Uda and Dr. Hidetsugu Yagi of the Tohoku imperial
university invented a directional antenna system consisting of an array of coupled
parallel dipoles. This is commonly known as Yagi- Uda or simply Yagi antenna.
 Yagi - Uda antenna is familiar as the commonest kind of terrestrial TV antenna
to be found on the rooftops of houses. It is usually used at frequencies between
30MHz and 3GHz and covers 40 to 60 KM.
Advantages:
It has a moderate gain of about 7 (db).
It is a directional antenna.
Can be used at high frequency.
Adjustable from to back ratio.
Disadvantages :
The gain is not very high.
Needs a large number of elements to be used.
Applications :
Television receivers.
It is also the antenna widely used with
Used at H.F at VHF a T.V receiving antenna.
A stack of Yagi antenna can be used as a super gain.

Conclusion:
 Yagi - Uda antenna is a unidirectional antenna. Used for television receivers. They
provide better tuning because of large bandwidth and has decent gain.