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System System
unit unit
System unit
System
unit
Handheld controller
The Components of the system unit
The Components of the system unit
1. Processor interprets & carries out the basic instructions that
operate a computer.
2. Memory holds data waiting to be processed & instruction waiting
to be executed.
3. Processor & Memory are connected to a circuit board called the
motherboard.
4. Adapter cards (expansion slots): are circuit boards that
provide connections and functions not built into the motherboard.
5. Devices outside the system unit often attach to the ports.
6. A drive bay holds one or more disk drive.
7. The Power supply provide the computer with the electricity.
The Components of the system unit
http://www.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor.htm
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU
Control ALU
Unit
Instructions
Data
Information
INPUT OUTPUT
DEVICES Data MEMORY information DEVICES
Instructions
Data
Information
Storage
Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Registers
The CPU contain special storage areas called registers.
Their function is to hold instructions, data values, memory addresses of both the
instructions and data.
There are 4 basic types of it:
1. Instruction register hold instruction
2. Address register hold address of( data , next instruction ).
3. Storage register store data retrieved from main memory prior to processing.
4. Accumulator store the results of arithmetic & logic operations
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The Speed of the clock determines the speed at which the CPU can
process data.
Speed is measured in megahertz (MHz) or (GHz).
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Memory consist of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data
needed by those instructions, and the results of
processed data ( information).
Memory
Stores 3 basic categories of items:
1. The operations
2. Application programs
3. The data being processed by the application programs and
resulting information.
Memory
Memory sizes
It’s the number of bytes the chip or devices has available for storage.
Type of Memory
The system unit contains tow types of memory:
1. Volatile memory -
Loses its contents .
Temporary memory.
Example, RAM.
2. Nonvolatile memory-
doesn't lose its content when power is removed form the computer.
Permanent memory.
Example, ROM, Flash memory, and CMOS.
RAM (Main Memory)
Types of ROM:
PROM (programmable read-only memory): A PROM is a memory chip
on which you can store a program. But once the PROM has been used, you
cannot wipe it clean and use it to store something else. Like ROMs, PROMs
are non-volatile.
Special-Purpose Ports
SCSI Port
A special high-speed parallel port.
Allow you to attach SCSI peripherals such as disk driver and
printers.
Ports and Connectors
Ports and Connectors
BUSES
a set of electronic signal pathways that allows information and signals to
travel between components inside or outside of a computer.
Power Supply
Is a component of the system unit that supply computer with power.