Normal Distribution

Normal Distribution
• Normal distribution is a distribution
with a bell-shaped appearance. In
a normal distribution,
the mean = median = mode
Distribution of Correct Answers of 19
Students who Participated in a Math
Contest
Number of Correct Frequency
Answers
1 1
2 2
3 4
4 5
5 4
6 2
7 1
N = 19
Distribution of Correct Answers of 19
Students who Participated in a Math
Contest
Number of Correct Frequency
Answers
1 0
2 0
3 1
4 2
5 4
6 9
7 3
N = 19
Distribution of Correct Answers of 19
Students who Participated in a Math
Contest
Number of Correct Frequency
Answers
1 3
2 9
3 4
4 2
5 1
6 0
7 0
N = 19
Skewness
• Skewness refers to the degree of
symmetry or asymmetry of a
distribution.
 Skewness
• A distribution is • A distribution is
skewed to the left if skewed to the right if
the mean is less the mean is greater
than its median. The than its median. The
bulk of the bulk of the
distribution is on the distribution is on the
right. This is left. This is
otherwise known as otherwise known as
negatively skewed. positively skewed.
Exercise
Determine whether the distribution is
normal, skewed to the left or skewed to
the right.
1. 19, 17, 14, 11, 10, 8, 7, 7
2. 5, 3, 4, 2, 1
 Properties of Normal Curve
• Mean = Median = Mode
• It is symmetrical about the mean.
• The tails or ends are asymptotic relative to
the horizontal axis.
• The total area under the normal curve is
equal to 1 or 100%.
• The normal curve area may be subdivided
into standard deviations, at least 3 units to the
left and 3 units to the right of the vertical line.
 Standard Normal Distribution
• Standard Normal distribution is a
distribution with a mean of zero and a
standard deviation of one.
• (Graph of standard normal distribution)
 Z-score
• Z-score measures how many standard
deviations a particular value is above or
below the mean.
• (formula)

• (Illustrate a distribution with a population

mean of 80 and a standard deviation of
5)
 In which test did Clifford
perform better?

Algebra English
Population 80 75
Mean
Standard 5 5
Deviation
Score 85 82
 Solve the following problems:
1. Who performed better?
a. Lucy whose z-score is 2 or Lily whose
z-score is 1.75
b. Angelo whose z-score is -1.5 or Antonio
whose z-score is -2.
 Solve the following problems:
2. In an examination , the mean grade is
81 and the standard deviation is 6. Find
the z-score of the grades of the
following students:
a. Peter, 75
b. Paul, 95
c. Mark, 87
d. John, 93
 Solve the following problems:
3. Charles sells stamps. He earns an
average of P55 a day with a standard
deviation of P11.25. How much did
Charles earn on a particular day if his z-
score is -0.8?
Areas under the Normal
Curve
 Find the area to the right of Z = 0
Find P(Z ≥ 0) can be read as “ Find the
probability that z will take the values
greater than or equal to zero”
Areas under the Normal
Curve
 Find the area to the left of Z = 0
Find P(Z ≤ 0) can be read as “ Find the
probability that z will take the values less
than or equal to zero”
Areas under the Normal
Curve
 Find the area from z = -2.41 to z =1.98
Find P(-2.41 ≤ Z ≤ 1.98) can be read as “
Find the probability that z will take the
values greater than or equal to -2.41 but
less than or equal to 1.98”

 (give the table of areas of normal curve)

Examples:
1. Find the area from z = 0 to z = -2.3
2. Find P(-2 ≤ Z ≤ 2.5)

3. Find P(z ≥ -2.43)

4. Find the area to the left of z = - 1.53

5. Find P(0.5 < z < 2.5)

Problem-solving:
The IQ of 300 students in a certain school is
approximately normally distributed with a
mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15.
a. What is the probability that a randomly
selected student will have an IQ of 115
and above?
b. How many students have an IQ between
85 and 120?
Problem-solving:
In an examination in Statistics, the mean
grade is 72 and the standard deviation is 6.
Find the probability that a particular
student will have a score:
a. of higher than or equal to 75
b. from 65 to 80
c. lower than or equal to 60
Problem-solving:
• Suppose a borderline hypertensive is
defined as a person whose DBP is between
90 and 95 mm Hg inclusive, and the
subjects are 35-44-year-old males whose
BP is normally distributed with mean 80
and variance 144. What is the probability
that a randomly selected person from this
population will be a borderline
hypertensive?
Problem-solving:
• Suppose that total carbohydrate intake in 12-14
year old males is normally distributed with mean
124 g/1000 cal and SD 20g/1000 cal.

• a) What percent of boys in this age range have

carbohydrate intake above 140g/1000 cal?

• b) What percent of boys in this age range have

carbohydrate intake below 90g/1000 cal?
Problem-solving:
• Assume that among diabetics the fasting blood
level of glucose is approximately normally
distributed with a mean of 105 mg per 100ml
and SD of 9 mg per 100 ml.
• a) What proportions of diabetics have levels
between 90 and 125mg per 100 ml?
• b) What proportions of diabetics have levels
below 87.4 mg per 100ml?
• c) What level cuts of the lower 10% of diabetics?
• d) What are the two levels which encompass
95% of diabetics?
Problem-solving:
• If adult male cholesterol is normally distributed
with a mean of 200 and standard deviation 25,
what is the probability of selecting male whose
cholesterol is:
• Less than 165
• Greater than 165
• Between 165 and 220
• Greater than 220
THE 68–95–99.7 RULE

• In the Normal distribution with mean μ and

standard deviation σ:
• Approximately 68% of the observations fall
within σ of the mean μ.
• Approximately 95% of the observations fall
within 2σ of μ.
• Approximately 99.7% of the observations fall
within 3σ of μ.
THE 68–95–99.7 RULE

• The distribution of heights of young

• women aged 18 to 24 is approximately Normal
with mean μ = 64.5 inches
• and standard deviation σ = 2.5 inches.
THE 68–95–99.7 RULE

• The length of human pregnancies from

conception to birth varies according to a
distribution that is approximately Normal with
mean 266 days and standard deviation 16
days. Use the 68–95–99.7 rule to answer the
following questions.
• (a) Between what values do the lengths of the
• middle 95% of all pregnancies fall?
• (b) How short are the shortest 2.5% of all
• pregnancies? How long do the longest 2.5%
• last?