HEALTH CARE

SYSTEM

Joseph G. Catada, RRT

 Learning Objectives

• Recognize the three keys for health care

delivery system.
• Know the roles of each personnel in radiology
department.
• Learn to assess patient in terms of taking
medical history.
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

● Health Care Insurance and benefits systems

● Health Care Facilities
● The Health Care Team
Health Care Insurance and benefits
systems
● Insurance companies must provide reasonable charges
for premium yet affordable care especially to
patients.
● HMO's (Health Maintenance Organization)
● Regular physical examinations, immunizations, weight
control, treatment for hypertension, and other forms
of preventive care, such as fitness programs and
classes on health-related topics, are typically
included among benefits of these organizations.
Health Care Facilities

● Hospitals may be owned and operated as either public

or private agencies.
● Public hospitals are operated by federal or local
governments which is to deliver affordable or free
health-care especially to poor.
● Many hospitals are also privately owned. These may
be not-for-profit institutions, such as those owned by
religious or charitable groups, or proprietary hospitals,
which are health care businesses run for profit.
The Health Care Team

● Patients are the most important people in health care

community.
● Physicians, particulary attending physicians are
responsible for assessing the patient's needs and
prescribing therapeutic procedures to promote health.
● Hospital Organization and Management
● Other medical staff
 PHYSICIANS

• A doctor of medicine or doctor of osteopathy.

• They often specialize in a specific area of
practice and, following licensing, are able to
prescribe and supervise the medical care of
the patient.
 Registered nurses

• Provide patient care, which is often required 24

hours a day. They also provide home health care
and case management; educate; act as a patient
advocate; administer medications and treatments
• as ordered by physicians; monitor the patient’s
health
• status; and coordinate and facilitate all patient
care when the patient is hospitalized.
• Advance practice nurses work as clinical nurse
specialists and nurse practitioners.
 Other members:

• Occupational and physical therapists: Members of a

• profession that work in the rehabilitative area of
• health care.
• Pharmacist: Prepares and dispenses medications and
• oversees the patient’s drug therapy.
• Respiratory therapist: Maintains or improves the
• patient’s respiratory status.
• Laboratory technologist: Analyzes laboratory specimens
• for pathological conditions.
• Social workers: Counsel patients and refer them for
• assistance to appropriate agencies.
SERVICES AND ROLES
IN IMAGING
DEPARTMENT
ASSESSING PATIENT
IN DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURE
MEDICAL INFORMATION AND RECORDS

● Effective documentation of information about

patients and their care marks the professional who
recognizes efficient record keeping as a way to meet
ongoing patient needs.
● A chart is usually refers to a more extensive
compilation of information, such as an emergency
department record or the chart brought with a patient
who is hospitalized.
● These medical records include not only written
information on the condition of the patient,
medications, and treatments, but also laboratory
results, radiographs, and any other information that
pertains to the health and welfare of the patient.
Problem-Oriented Medical Recording

● Problem-oriented medical recording (POMR) is a

system of problem identification that started with
systems analysis and is now used for medical,
social, psychiatric, and demographic investigations.
● This system has been adapted to provide faster and
more accurate medical information retrieval.
• To use this system, one must collect data, evaluate
them and form a problem list, determine what
intervention is appropriate, carry out the plan, and
evaluate the results.
Medical Recording by Radiographers

● An x-ray requisition serves as the formal order for a

diagnostic procedure. It includes patient data, a brief
medical history, and specific instructions.
● Documenting certain information about patients is an
essential part the medicolegal record.
● This includes administration of contrast media or
medications, changes in patient status, and reactions to
contrast or medications, as well as any treatment
received in the radiology department.
TAKING A MEDICAL
HISTORY
● Radiologists depend on radiographers to assist them
by obtaining accurate information about the patient's
history and present condition.
● The process of taking a history presents an opportunity
for you to give the patient individual attention and build
rapport.
QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES

● Open-ended questions
● Facilitation
● Silence
● Reflection or reiteration
● Clarification or probing
● Summarization
FORMAT
• Onset: How did it start? What happened? When did it first trouble you? Was it
sudden or a complaint that gradually got worse?
• Duration: Have you ever had it before? Has it been continuous? Does it bother you
all the time? How long has this attack been bothering you?
• Specific location: Where does it hurt (or where is the problem)? Can you put your
finger on where it hurts the most? Does it hurt anywhere else?
• Quality of pain: What does it feel like? Sharp, stabbing pain? Dull ache? Throbbing
pain? How severe is it? Mild, moderate, or severe? (Some like to use a pain scale of
1 to 5 or 1 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all and the highest number representing the
worst pain the patient can imagine.) Does it wake you up at night?
• What aggravates: What seems to make it worse? When is it worst? Is it worse after
meals? At night? When you walk?
• What alleviates: What has helped in the past? Does that still help? What seems to
help now? Does the time of day (amount of rest, change in position, and so on)
make a difference?
 REFERENCE

• Ehrlich, Ruth A., Daly, Joan A. Patient Care in

Radiography. 7th Edition. 2009. Elsevier Inc.