Green Buildings

GREEN BUILDING

Both a structure and the using of processes that are

environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout
a building’s life cycle.
 GREEN BUILDING
 Uses less energy, water, natural resources
 Generates less waste
 Healthier for people living in it

 Energy saved= 30-40% per day

 Enhanced indoor air quality, light and
ventilation
 Potable water saving upto 20-30%
 High productivity of occupants
 Minimum generation of non-degradable waste
 Lower operating costs
 What are Green Buildings?
• Green buildings are…
– Buildings or homes that are more energy efficient, produce less
waste and are healthier to be inside

• Green buildings don’t literally mean…

– Buildings that produce zero-emissions or totally green or totally
environmentally friendly

• Green building certification systems

– Certification systems by different organizations/institutions that
setup standards to quantify how ‘green’ a building is
– Different standards world wide, but similar in concept
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF GREEN BUILDING

• Structure design
• Energy efficiency
• Water efficiency
• Material efficiency
• Waste and toxic reduction

COMMON OBJECTIVES OF GREEN BUILDING

• Efficiently using energy, water and other resources
• Protecting occupant health and improving employee
productivity
• Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
 SUSTAINABILITY
ENVIRONMENTA ECONOMIC SOCIAL BENEFITS
L BENEFITS BENEFITS

Social Enhance and Reduce operating Enhance

protect bio cost occupant health
Developme diversity and and comfort
nt ecosystem

Improve air and Improve Improve indoor

Economi water quality occupant
productivity
air quality
Environmental
protection c
Reduce water Enhance asset Minimize strain
Growth streams value and profits on local utility
infrastructure

Conserve and Optimize life Improve overall

restore natural cycle economic quality of life
resources performance
 Green Buildings can potentially reduce…
Energy Use CO2 Emissions Water Use Solid
24%* 33%*** Waste
to to
50%** 39%**
40%**

70%**
LEED
 LEED Green Building Certification

• LEED stands for…

– Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

• Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council

(USGBC) in 2000
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the

1. Design,

2. Construction,

3. Operation, and

4. Maintenance of green buildings, homes and neighborhoods

Brief history of USGBC
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), co-founded by Mike Italiano, David Gottfried and Rick Fedrizzi
in 1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed,
built, and operated. USGBC is best known for the development of the LEED green building rating
systems.

What is LEED?
• LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a
voluntary, market-driven program that provides third-party
verification of green buildings.

• From individual buildings and homes, to entire

neighbourhoods and communities, LEED is transforming the
way built environments are designed, constructed, and
operated. Comprehensive and flexible, LEED addresses the
entire lifecycle of a building.

• It provides building owners and operators with a framework

for identifying and implementing practical and measurable
green building design, construction, operations and
maintenance solutions.
 LEED has 4 levels of certificates

Less Points More Points

40- 49 50- 59 60- 79 80+
RATING SYSTEM SCALE FOR LEED PLATINUM:

SUSTAINABLE SITES WATER EFFICIENCY

15-21 8-11

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE

23-37
INDOOR ENV. QUALITY
9-17

MATERIALS & RESOURCES

3-14 INNOVATION IN OPERATION
+4

BONUS
0-10
Why LEED?
LEED-certified buildings are designed to:

• Lower operating costs and increase asset value

• Reduce waste sent to landfills
• Conserve energy and water
• Be healthier and safer for occupants
• Reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions
How LEED works?
For commercial buildings and neighbourhoods, to earn LEED certification, a project must satisfy all
LEED prerequisites and earn a minimum 40 points on a 110-point LEED rating system scale. Homes
must earn a minimum of 45 points on a 136-point scale.

• Projects earn points to satisfy green building requirements.

• Within each of the LEED credit categories, projects must satisfy prerequisites and earn points.
• The number of points the project earns determines its level of LEED certification.
 Perceived Business Benefits to Going Green

• Researches found…
– 8-9% operating cost decreases*
– 7.5% building value increases*
– 6.6% return on investment improves*
– 3.5% occupancy rate increases*
– 3% rent ratio increases**
 Other benefits
• Green building occupants are healthier and
more productive
– In the U.S., people spend, on average, 90% or
more of their time indoors*
– Green buildings typically have better indoor air
quality and lighting
Types of LEED certifications
MAIN CATEGORIES:
• Sustainable Architecture and
Design
• Site Selection and Planning
• Water Conservation
• Energy Efficiency
• Building Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Innovation and Development
Dimensions of being ‘Green’
MAIN CREDIT CATEGORIES:
• Sustainable sites credits encourage strategies that minimize the impact on ecosystems and water
resources.

• Water efficiency credits promote smarter use of water, inside and out, to reduce potable water
consumption.

• Energy & atmosphere credits promote better building energy performance through innovative
strategies.

• Materials & resources

credits encourage using
sustainable building
materials and reducing
waste.

• Indoor environmental
quality credits promote
better indoor air quality and
access to daylight and views.
Good location
Good transportation
Good building design
 SUSTAINABLE SITE
 Outlines various “green” opportunities for reducing the negative
impact the building has on the environment.
 The opportunities range from
 Preventing erosion of top soil,
 Preventing water contamination & creation of heat islands,
 Effective use of a barren or waste lands etc.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE
 TIME and NATURE have changed land
 Use what nature has given by working with existing topography,
plants and views.
 Touch the earth lightly, rather than cutting deep and covering it with
concrete.
Water saving
technologies
 Water Efficiency
 Water efficiency can be defined as :
 the accomplishment of a function, task, process, or result with the
minimal amount of water feasible.
 An indicator of the relationship between the amount of water required
for a particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered.
 Water efficiency differs from water conservation in that it focuses on
reducing waste.
 The key for efficiency is reducing waste not restricting use.
 It also emphasizes the influence consumers can have in water efficiency by
making small behavioral changes to reduce water wastage and by choosing
more water efficient products.
 Examples of water efficient steps include simple measures like, fixing
leaking taps.
Highly efficient Lightings and HVACs
 ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
 LEED recognizes the importance of optimizing energy performance
by allocating the greatest number of potential points within this
category to formulate a sustainable design
 In general points can be earned through:
 efficient design,
 use of renewable energy,
 deliberate mechanical and electrical system selection
 proper commissioning and monitoring of devices
Environmentally friendly materials
Good waste management plans
Recycling programs
 MATERIAL AND RESOURCES
 40% of the carbon dioxide that contributes to our warming planet
comes from buildings.
 Some of it is a secondary effect of operational needs such as
electricity, a/c, and heating, many ghg’s arise from resource
extraction, manufacturing and production of the building
materials themselves.
 Choosing ingredients wisely makes all the difference in terms of
the overall impact of the building throughout its life. -
‘Environmental footprint’ or ‘life cycle assessment’
 The materials are in the picture from the first round of planning
to the final stages of demolition or renovation of a building or
product.
Resource Reuse
Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin material and reduce
waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin
resources.
Requirements :
 Use salvaged or refurbished materials for 5-10% of building materials (by value)
 Methods suggested like, reuse of partition panels, broken tiles, Used carpets.

Recycled content
Increase demand for building products that incorporated recycled content materials, therefore
reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of new virgin materials
Requirements :
 Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post –consumer recycled content plus
one-half of the post-industrial constitutes at least 5% of the total value of the materials in the
project.
 The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall be determined by
dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the total weight of all material in the item,
then multiplying the resulting percentage by the total value of the item.
LOCAL/ REGIONAL MATERIALS
Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the
region, thereby supporting the regional economy and reducing environmental impact resulting
from transportation
Requirements :
 Use a minimum of 20 %( extra points for going up to to 50 %) of building materials and products
that are manufactured regionally within a radius of 800 kms (manufacturing refers to the final
assembly of components)

RAPIDLY RENEWABLE MATERIAL

Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw and long cycle renewable materials by replacing them
with rapidly renewable materials .
Requirements:
 Use rapidly renewable building materials and products (made from plants that are typically
harvested within a ten-year cycle or shorter)
 for 5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project.
 Consider use of materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation, agrifiber, linoleum, wheat
board, strawboard and cork.
Clean breathing air
Good ventilation
Good natural lighting
Good views to the outdoors
 Indoor Environmental Quality

 Green building means considering environmental impact

of materials and construction, along with the physical and
psychological health of the occupants.
 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) addresses the subtle
issues that influence, how we feel in a space.
 It is a fundamental human right to live and work in spaces
with healthy indoor environments.
LOW EMITTING MATERIALS
Intent :
 Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or
potentially irritating and harmful to the comfort and well being of installer
and building occupants.
Requirements :
 All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building shall comply
with the requirements of the reference standard.
 VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) content of adhesive and sealants to be
monitored.
 Carpet systems must meet the requirements of the carpet and rug institute
Green label indoor Air quality test program
 Composite wood and agrifiber products used on the interior of the building
must contain no added urea – formaldehyde resins
OTHER CREDIT CATEGORIES:
• Awareness & Education encourage home builders and real estate professionals to provide
homeowners, tenants and building managers with the education and tools they need to understand
and make the most of the green building features of their home.

• Innovation & Design address sustainable building expertise as well as design measures not covered
under the five LEED credit categories. Six bonus points are available in this category.

• Location & Linkages encourage construction on previously developed or infill sites and promotes
walkable neighborhoods with access to efficient transportation options and open space.

• Green infrastructure & buildings credits reduce

the environmental consequences of the
construction and operation of buildings and
infrastructure.

•Regional priority credits address regional

environmental priorities for buildings in different
geographic regions. Four bonus points are available
in this category.
EXAMPLES OF LEED BUILDINGS
IN INDIA
 Platinum rated : CII –Godrej GBC ,Hyderabad
ITC Green Center, Gurgaon
Wipro Technologies, Gurgaon

 Gold Rated : IGP Office, Gulbarga

NEG Micon, Chennai
Grundfos Pumps, Chennai

 Silver Rated : L&T EDRC , Chennai

CII –Godrej ITC Green Center,
GBC Gurgaon
,Hyderabad

Suzlon Wipro Technologies,

Energy Gurgaon
Limited
 Anna Centenary Library
American Embassy School, Building, Chennai
Delhi

NEG Micon,
Chennai
IGP Office,
Gulbarga
L&T EDRC ,
Chennai Rajiv Gandhi
International Airport –
Hyderabad
CASE STUDY
CII SOHRABJI GODREJ
BUILDING
 GREEN BUSINESS CENTER
Wind Towers

Water Body
Roof garden

Solar PV

Water Efficiency
Sustainable Site
Energy Efficiency
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental
Quality
Green Building Tour
 Central courtyard.

 Roof garden - Protects heat penetration, cuts

down heat-island effect

 High performance glazing to bring in natural

light while minimizing heat ingress.

 Jali (Perforated) wall for bringing in natural light as well as

ventilation .

 Energy saving system.

Courtyards
The courtyards act as "light wells," illuminating adjacent
work areas. When this light is not sufficient, sensors
trigger the deployment of efficient electric lights.
Dimmers automatically control the illumination levels,
turning the lights off when they're unnecessary. Also,
occupancy sensors prevent a light from being switched on
at an unoccupied workstation.
 Roof Garden
Absorbing heat and radiating it into the building. This is minimized through the roof
gardens covering 55% of the roof area.

Rain water harvesting.

Seepage into the ground have been installed in

pedestrian areas and parking.
 Natural Lighting
Natural light deflection systems
can direct light deep into the room and ensure better natural
lighting provisions.
 Usage of Glazing

The double glazed glass will just

allow the diffused sunlight to
pass through and will radiate the
solar radiation back.
 Jallis or Lattice walls are used to prevent

Use of Traditional Jalliglare and heat gain while ensuring

adequate day lighting and views. The jalli,
used in many historic buildings such as
the Taj Mahal, gives definition and an
aesthetic appeal to a space.

Jali walls are walls which allow controlled

passed of air and light into the interior
space.
The jalis also ensure a constant flow of
breeze into the interior, allowing the
occupant comfort

Jalli [Perforated] for bringing in

Natural Light and also Ventilation
 Function of Jali in the rains.

Rain
water
seeps Water
in the utilized
openin for the
gs. plants
inside.

Section through the jali

Solar system
Harvesting of solar energy - 20% of the buildings
energy requirement is catered to by solar
photovoltaic
The Solar PV has an installed capacity of 23.5 KW
Average generation is 100-125 units per day

Solar
Photovoltaic
Wind System
Wind tower with evaporative cooling

A combination of sensible cooling in the ground

and evaporative cooling with the flow of air
induced by the wind tower can be achieved by a
configuration as shown. The heat loss from air
results in a decreased air temperature, but no
change in the water vapour content of the air.
The effect of positioning the apertures at various heights above the
floor influences the efficiency of the natural ventilation in a given
space.
Inlet and outlet are high.
Airflow only near ceiling. No
air current at body level.
Good for removing hot air for
warm season. Layers of still
air at low levels.

Inlet higher than outlet.

Good interaction of air layers.
Current at body level. Pocket
of warm , still air over the
outlet.
 Water system

 Collect rainwater for external use i.e. garden/washing car.

 Use water conserving appliances including toilets, shower, taps, washing machine and
dish washer e.g.. Low flow faucets, water saving dual flush tanks
 Reduce irrigation and surface water run-off .

Natural Way of treating the grey water.

Zero water discharge building

System35% reduction in potable water use
Low flow water fixtures
Use of storm water & recycled water for irrigation.
Entire waste water in the building is treated biologically through a
process called the 'Root Zone Treatment
 Sustainable Materials

•A large amount of energy — and pollution — was also

reduced through choices in the production and
transportation of building materials.

•An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use

recycled content in the form of fly ash, broken glass, broken
tiles, recycled paper, recycled aluminum, cinder from
industrial furnaces, bagasse (an agricultural waste from sugar
cane), mineral fibers, cellulose fibers, and quarry dust.

•The building reuses a significant amount of material

salvaged from other construction sites like toilet doors,
interlocking pavement blocks, stone slabs, scrap steel, scrap
glazed tiles, shuttering material and, interestingly, the
furniture in the cafeteria. A waste management plan ensured
that 96 percent of construction waste was recycled.
 Principles followed
Waste Reduction
 Select materials using recycled components .
 Design for re-use and recycling.
 Control and reduce waste and packaging.
 Reduce resource consumption.

Health and Wellbeing

 Meet the basic physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the occupants

 Consider healthy lighting, color and sound, controlled temperature and humidity
and good indoor air quality to enhance the living environment

 Reduce formaldehyde emissions and use pollution fighting indoor plants

 Design a safe and user-friendly space.

Energy Efficiency
 Design-Orientation for maximum day
light.
 Green wall and Green roof.
 Usage of energy efficient white goods.
 CONCLUSION
The building boasts of lighting energy savings of 88 percent compared to an electrically lit
building of the same size.

Vegetation that was lost to the built area was replaced by gardens on 55 percent of the roof area.

The building achieves a 35 percent reduction of municipally supplied potable water, in part
through the use of low-flush toilets and waterless urinals.

Thirty percent of users have shifted to alternative modes of transportation: bicycles, and cars that
run on liquefied petroleum gas, a low-polluting alternative to conventional gasoline and diesel.

95 percent of the raw material was extracted or harvested locally.

An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use recycled content.

A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of construction waste was recycled.
 ITC GREEN CENTER ITC GREEN CENTER is a hotels division
Headquarter located in sector-32, Gurgoan.

It is a LEED PLATINUM certified building with 56

points.

At 170,000 sq feet, ITC Green Centre is the

world’s largest 0% water discharge,
noncommercial Green building, and compared
to similar buildings, ITC Green Centre has a 30%
smaller carbon footprint
with the use of sensible technologies.
HOW IT SATISFIED THE MAIN 5 CREDIT CATEGORIES

• One of the strongest aspects of ITC Green Centre is its design. All our systems are integrated in a way
so that they can function as naturally as possible.

• For example, the L-shaped architecture of the building serves more than one function in more
than one area of the immediate environment. The central atrium allows natural light to form in the
heart of the building, thereby reducing the use of artificial light. It also ensures that one part of the
façade is always in the shade, preventing too much heat from
entering the structure, and the cooling effect is supported moreover by the discreet bodies of
water placed in front of the building.
WATER CONSERVATION
• ITC harvests 100% of the rain that falls on the building and recycle 100% of all the water used in the
building.
• Along with the rainwater harvesting at ITC Green Centre, there are interlocking tiles placed across
the landscape of our building to harvest rain water through the grass that grows between the tiles while
ensuring 0% surface run-off.

ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES

•The building design has ensured that it uses as little energy as
possible in terms of basic lighting. The architecture of ITC Green
Centre allows enough natural light to penetrate throughout the
building during daytime, so it needed very little energy to light
the building at night.
•The high albedo roof coating reduces the amount of heat absorbed by reflecting over 90%
of visible and infra red radiations away from the building. This reduces the roof surface
temperature by 30 degrees and brings down the use of energy for air conditioning in the top
floor by 10-15%.

AIR QUALITY
• The low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds in the materials used in the construction
of ITC Green Centre, in adhesives, sealants used for carpets, composite woods and
paints ensures that there aren’t any known harmful substances in the air that might affect
inhabitants of the building.
Anna Centenary Library

Building Type : Public / Institutional

Location : Chennai.

Area : 4, 50,000 Sft

Certification received: LEED Gold. New construction

43 points
Low-energy architecture has been achieved through an environmentally responsive design, using
both passive design features and resource efficient active elements.

Passive design features include building shape and form (optimizing surface to volume ratios),
appropriate orientation and integrated shading devices achieving maximum daylight penetration
with minimum heat ingress.

Active Energy elements include efficient Air conditioning system, Heat recovery wheels, Lighting
fixtures with daylight and motion sensors, Intelligent building management system, Waste water
recycling system, Sensor based sanitary fixtures and Building materials with low embodied energy
like Fly ash blocks, PP cement, Solar efficient glass, Low VOC Paints and chemicals, Recycled Carpets
etc.

High performance glazing balances daylight transmission with heat penetration.

Thus sensitive architectural design and efficient building services solutions have resulted in a
sustainable, low-energy building.
Anna Centenary Library
The Anna Centenary Library is currently the largest library in Asia
The building is made in an environmentally responsive way which employs both passive
design features and resource efficient active elements to increase its sustainability.
Designed by CRN, the 9-floor Anna Centenary Library building houses a total area of 30,950
square meters (333,140 square feet) and has a capacity to accommodate 1.5 million books.

At any given point, the library can accommodate 1200 people, not including an auditorium
that can separately seat 1280 people. The project achieved the LEED Gold rating given by
Indian Green Building Council under New Construction rating.

The building offers access to people with disabilities

The interior of the structure is constructed using locally available, eco-friendly, recycled
furniture .
The shape and form of the building have been designed with optimized surface to volume ratios in mind,
as well as passive solutions which increase the building’s sustainability.

Reading areas which are facing North and East are located next to structurally glazed facades which
provide abundance of daylight. The Southwest side of the building has thermal buffer zones of service
cores and a 9 floor high atrium with an outward sloping glass wall which protect the building from the
heat gain. Roof overhangs, Pergolas, and metal louvers are also used to lower heat and glare.

In order to lower heat island effect of the building, the library terrace area is painted with high albedo
paints and the Auditorium terrace and Library terrace level at 1st, 2nd and 3rd floor are covered with
green roof.

The soil used on these surfaces has been collected during the excavation of the project, where top 20
cm (nearly 8 inches) of the soil has been saved for landscaping applications.
The project used building materials with recycled content value of 12 % by cost of the total material
cost, and 75 % of the construction waste were reused within the site or sent for recycling. 77 % of the
building materials were sourced locally to support the regional economy and reduce the environmental
impact.
The library has rain water sump and percolation pits which are used for rain water harvesting and
increase in ground water table. A collection well/sand filter is provided at the lowest point of the site,
which helps to remove the sediments from storm runoff moving out of the site.

The Anna Centenary Library has onsite sewage treatment plant of to treat the wastewater produced
from the building, and only treated waste water is used for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing
requirements. The water consumption in irrigation is lowered with high efficiency landscape drip and
sprinkler system, which combined with water efficient fixtures use 64 % less water compared to a
standard building.

The quality of indoor air is ensured with usage of low VOC products (Paints, Adhesives and sealants), CRI
certified carpet and MDF & plywood free from urea formaldehyde resins are used in the building. Only
eco friendly house keeping chemicals are allowed inside the building premises.
Landscaped terraces reduce heat island effect
Saint-Gobain’s solar-control glass
blocks the heat from entering the buildings,
while allowing abundant light to pass in.
An artificial tree is established at the
middle of the library to promote
awareness about conservation of trees.
GRIHA
GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRETED
HABITAT BUILDING (GRIHA)
 GREEN BUILDING
INTRODUCTION :

• Green building - green construction-sustainable building

• Uses process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient

• Focuses on efficient use of energy, water, and other resources

• protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity

• to reduce their carbon footprint and actually lend a helping hand to the
environment

• to make the earth more sustainable

• to actually help to sustain the environment without disrupting the natural

habitats around it
 GOALS OF GREEN BUILDING

• Environmental Issues & Building Design

• Net Zero Energy Buildings

• Resource Use & Buildings

• Green Building Costs

• New vs. Existing Building

• Occupant Comfort

Sustainability is ALWAYS local (context specific). The

minute we start importing designs, technologies, products or
materials, the environmental impact increases multi-fold,
defeating the very purpose of designing a green building
 BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING

Environmental Benefits:

• Reduce wastage of water

• Conserve natural resources
• Improve air and water quality
• Protect biodiversity and ecosystems

Economic Benefits:

• Reduce operating costs

• Improve occupant productivity
• Create market for green product and services

Social Benefits:

• Improve quality of life

• Minimize strain on local infrastructure
• Improve occupant health and comfort
GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM IN INDIA :

GRIHA – GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESSMENT

• GRIHA is developed by TERI (The energy and resources Institute) for the ministry of new and
Renewable energy. This is the indigenous national rating system developed by the ministry to
cover the climatic variations, architectural practices, existing practices of construction and
attempting to revive the passive architecture.

• GRIHA MEANING:GRIHA is a Sanskrit word meaning ‘Abode’(a place of residence). GRIHA

promotes passive techniques to reduce energy cost while keeping the optimum thermal
comfort inside the build environment.
WHAT DOES GRIHA DO ?

 They encourage non energy demanding air conditioning systems and the solar heating
systems. Passive cooling and heating can be replicated for the masses and can reduce the
energy load of the country.

 GRIHA is also focusing on the growing residential sector by providing simple, affordable and
versatile approach to the citizens through their website, which is instrumental in creating
awareness among citizens as well as giving them an alternative viewpoint.
 GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)

 NAME: GRIHA
 COUNTRY: INDIA
 ESTABLISHED: 2007

GRIHA - Sanskrit word meaning – ‘Abode’

• An innovative tool for sustainable development by the United Nations.

• A tool for implementing renewable energy in the building sector by ‘The

Climate Reality project’- an organization founded by Mr. Al Gore; and
UNEP-SBCI has developed the “Common Carbon Metric” (kWhr/sq
m/annum), for international building energy data collection -based on
inputs from GRIHA (among others)
 OBJECTIVES OF GRIHA :

• minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste generation, and overall

ecological impact

• evaluates the environmental performance of a building holistically over its

entire life cycle, thereby providing a definitive standard for what constitutes a
‘green building’

• based on accepted energy and environmental principles, seeks to strike a

balance between the established practices and emerging concepts

• Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels

• Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and

reduced soil loss from erosion etc.
 GRIHA PROCEDURE:

• GRIHA assesses a building out of 34 criteria

• Awards points on a scale of 100
• To qualify for GRIHA certification, a project must
achieve at least 50 points
GRIHA RATING SYSTEM

Set of 34 criteria
100 (+4 innovation points)
Point system with differential weight age on various Criteria
50-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-100
GRIHA - RATING CRITERIA

Site planning A) Conservation and Criterion 1

efficient utilization of Site Selection 1
resources
Criterion 2 Preserve and protect landscape during 5
construction/compensatory depository forestation.

Criterion 3 Soil conservation (post construction) 4

Criterion 4 Design to include existing site features 2

Criterion 5 Reduce hard paving on site 2

Criterion 6 Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency 3

Criterion 7 Plan utilities efficiently and optimize on-site circulation

3
efficiency

Criterion 8 Provide minimum level of sanitation/safety facilities for 2

construction workers
B) Health and well
being

Criterion 9 Reduce air pollution during construction 2

Building (A) Conservation and Criterion 10 Reduce landscape water demand 3

planning and efficient utilization of

resources
construction
stage

Criterion 11 Reduce building water use 2

GRIHA - RATING CRITERIA
Criterion 12 Efficient water use during construction 1

Criterion 13 Optimize building design to reduce conventional energy

6
demand

Criterion 14 Optimize energy performance of building within specified 12

comfort limits

Criterion 15 Utilization of fly-ash or equivalent industrial/agricultural waste

6
as recommended by BIS in building structures

Criterion 16 Reduce embodied energy of construction is reduced by adopting

material efficient technologies and/or low-energy materials 4

Criterion 17 Use low-energy materials in Interiors 4

Criterion 18 Renewable energy utilization 5

Criterion 19 Renewable energy based hot water system 3

B) Recycle, recharge, Criterion 20 Waste water treatment

2
and reuse of water

Criterion 21 Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater) 5

C. Waste management Criterion 22 Reduction in waste during construction 2

Criterion 23 Efficient Waste segregation 2

Criterion 24 Storage and disposal of wastes

2
GRIHA - RATING CRITERIA
Criterion 25
Resource recovery from waste 2

D. Health and well- Criterion 26 Use of low-VOC paints/adhesives/sealants 4

being
Criterion 27 Minimize ozone depleting substances 3

Criterion 28
Ensure water quality 2

Criterion 29 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels 2

Criterion 30
Tobacco and smoke control 1

Criterion 31 Provide at least the minimum level of accessibility for 1

persons with disabilities

3. Building Criterion 32
operation and Energy audit and validation Mandatory
maintenance
Criterion 33 Operation and Maintenance 2

4. Innovation Criterion 34
Innovation Points 4
GRIHA - OVERVIEW
DESIGN A GREEN BUILDING
By adopting the integrated design approach such that the client, architect,
engineers, and consultants design the building in a coordinated manner with a
common goal – sustainability.
By adopting locally available construction materials and giving impetus
to local arts, crafts, architecture and artisans

By reducing the resource consumption of the building and its

inhabitants so that the waste generating there-from is reduced

By adopting energy efficient technologies (EETs) and equipment.

By adopting renewable energy technology (RETs) applications to reduce

the demand on conventional energy
 Grand Chola, ITC Hotels Limited

Location : Chennai Site

Area : 32330 SqM

Total Built up Area : 132598 SqM

Energy Consumption Reduction : 41.5%

Renewable energy installed

on site : 12600 KWp

GRIHA final rating : 5 Stars World’s Largest LEED Platinum Rated and India’s
first GRIHA 5-Star rated Hotel
 Strategies adopted to reduce the impact of the building on
natural environment:
Existing trees preserved and transplanted
Sustainable Site Planning:

• Excavation and construction started after the monsoon

season to prevent soil erosion and soil run off from
• Top soil was preserved and re-used to raise the
ground level
• Service corridors are planned to cause minimum
damage to the site and natural topography
• Orientation -east west, but zoning done to reduce
negative impact of bad orientation

Swimming pool inside the building

Strategies adopted to reduce the impact of the building on
natural environment:

Reduction in water consumption (compared to GRIHA

benchmark):
•Reduction in building water consumption by low-flow fixtures : 50.7%

•Water recycled and reused the complex :90%

Reduction in landscape water consumption by planting trees and

shrubs
Passive architectural design strategies adopted in the building:

• Thick stone and AAC block walls to reduce solarheat gain

Recessed windows to cut direct sun rays and glare inside
• 99% of living areas are day-lit and window to wall ratio restricted to 25% to reduce solar
heat gain inside the building

Recessed windows
Passive architectural design strategies adopted in the building:

Renewable energy technologies installed on site:

• Installed capacity of wind energy : 2600 KWp
Water bodies and green vegetation creating a micro climate
A Paradigm of Self-Sufficiency: INDIRA PARYAVARAN BHAWAN

• Location : Jor Bagh, Delhi

• Site Area : 9565.13 Sqm

• Total Built up Area : 19088 sqm

• Ground coverage : 30%

• Year of Completion : 2013

Project Leader (CPWD- ADG Mr. P.K.Gupta)

Architectural Design: CPWD (Mr. R.K.Koshal)
Landscape Design: CPWD (Mr. Sodhi)
MEP Design: Spectral (Dr. P.C.Jain & Mr.S.Modi)
Commissioning: SGS
Interior Design: Kothari Associates
Green Building Consultants: DPAP (Deependra Prashad, Neeraj Kapoor)
Building Use : Office building
Storey: Seven storey building with three basement
 Introduction — Indira Paryavaran Bhawan
• A project of ministry of environment and forests for construction of new office building

• Based on the concept of Net Zero Building (NZEB), aims to be self-reliant in every aspect of its
overall functioning as a sustainable structure
 Towards Energy positive Approach

• Effective Ventilation By Orientating The Building E-W

• A Huge Central Court Yard

• Provision of Solar Photovoltaic for Net Zero requirement also Shades

the Roof

•More than 50% area outside the building is soft with plantation and
grassing

•circulation roads and pathways soft with grass paver blocks to enable
ground water recharge
 Towards Energy positive Approach

Brown and beige colored stone jaalis
covering
the vertical movement cores, thus
eliminating the need to air condition
these spaces
The terrace garden utilizes
preserved top soil extracted
during the initial excavation
Environmental Response
Site and Water Management

Appropriate Shading from Summer Sun, while allowing in winter sun

 Site and Water Management
•Use of native species of shrubs and trees
having low water demand in landscaping

•Reuse of treated water for irrigation

Reduce water use in the building :
•Low discharge fixtures

•Waste water treatment

•Reuse of treated water for irrigation

•Rain water harvesting

Efficient water use during construction
Usage of Materials with Low Embodied energy

• AAC Blocks with fly ash for recycling and insulation

• Fly ash based Plaster & Mortar

• Stone and Ferro cement Jalis

• Local Stone Flooring

• Bamboo Jute Composite Doors and frames &

flooring
 Geothermal Cooling
• Condenser water heat shall be rejected to earth by boring at
suitable depth & sending hot water at 100°F (37.8° C) &
back at 900 F (32.2° C)

• Enormous water saving since no make up water is required

• Make up water pumping & treatment cost get eliminated

• Saves cooling tower fan energy.

BREEAM
 Introduction to BREEAM
• The Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
(BREEAM) is the world’s leading system for assessing the range of
environmental impacts associated with buildings.
• BREEAM is used by owners, users and designers to demonstrate their
environmental commitment and to reduce the impact that their buildings
have on the environment.
• Buildings are assessed against performance criteria set by the BRE and
awarded ‘credits’ based on their levels of performance.
 Buildings assessed
The Building Research Establishment has standard models for several types
of development:
– Offices
– Schools and Education
– Light industrial, warehousing (non-retail)
– Residential (“Eco Homes” and Code for Sustainable Homes and Multi-residential)
– Retail
– Prisons
– Courts
– Health
 Aims of BREEAM
• To reduce the environmental impacts of developments.
• To enable developments to be recognised according to
their environmental benefits. To provide a credible,
environmental label for buildings.
• To stimulate demand for environmentally sustainable
buildings.
 Objectives
• To distinguish buildings of reduced environmental impact in the
marketplace.
• To ensure best environmental practice is incorporated in building
design, operation, management and maintenance.
• To set criteria and standards surpassing those required by
regulations.
• To inform the design process.
• To raise the awareness of owners, occupants, designers and
operators of the benefits of buildings with a reduced impact on the
environment and the benefits of building to best environmental
practice standards.
• To allow organisations to demonstrate progress towards corporate
environmental objectives.
 Benefits

– Reduced running costs trough greater energy and water

efficiency, and reduced maintenance
– Healthy, comfortable and flexible internal environments
– Access to local amenities
– Less dependence on the car
– Occupant benefits: to create a better place for people to
work and live
 Key issues
• Management
• Health and well-being
• Energy
• Transport
• Water
• Materials
• Waste
• Land Use and Ecology
• Pollution
BREEAM Rating% Benchmark
Unclassified <30
Pass 30 - <45
Good 45 - <55
Very Good 55 - <70
Excellent >70
Outstanding *>85
 BREEAM- WORLD’S FIRST BUILDING ASSESMENT
SYSTEM
First launched in 1990
• Inspires developers and creators to excel, innovate and make effective use of
resources.
• Focus on sustainable value and efficiency
• BREEAM certified developments attract property investments and generates
sustainable environments that enhance the well-being of the people who live and
work in them

WORKING CRITERIA
CREDITS ALLOCATION
Rating system
INTRODUCTION
Architects: 3D Reid
Location: Miller Street, Manchester, UK
Area: 328000.0 ft2
Project Year: 2012
Client: The Co-operative Group
Project manager: Gardiner & Theobald
Structural and M&E engineer: Buro Happold
Contractor: BAM

• Co-operative Group’s new 15 storey

headquarters
• BREEAM Version: BREEAM Offices
2008
• Score: 95.16%
• BREEAM rating: Outstanding
KEY FEATURES
• Fully glazed double skin façade minimize heating
and cooling loads
• Summer- Ventilation: Louvres at top open to
allow the warmed air trapped between its inner
and outer skins to rise up and out of the building
• Winter- Insulation: Louvres close so the facade
can form an insulated blanket around the
building

• 15 Storey atrium- floods the building’s interior

with light
• Light reflected by the exposed white painted
concrete coffered floors, reducing required
artificial lighting from 550 to 300 lux.
• Used building information modelling (BIM) to
create building before construction to prevent
unnecessary wastage of materials and time
 South facing to
maximize solar gain

passive ventilation

energy from biomass

solar shading
SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES

• Low energy LED lighting

• Greywater and rainwater recycling systems for toilet
flushing
• Earth tubes to bring in cool air via a heat exchanger
Color changing lights with daylight
sensors- sense & measure natural
light, triggering the fixtures to only
emit as much light as necessary,
increasing energy savings and
sustainability
PWC'S LONDON OFFICE

• The first BREEAM

“outstanding” rating

• Location: London, near Tower

Bridge in central London

• BREEAM score of 96.31 %

 the atriums, allowing natural light to flood in

NATURAL LIGHT
 SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES

 using recycled plastic boards

 emphasis on the use of recycled

materials
• Design teams can use BREEAM as a tool to improve
the performance of the buildings and their own
experience and knowledge of environmental
aspects of sustainability.