INTERNET

Submission Date: Submission By:

12th October 2010

RAVI BHUSHAN
Reg. No.-NRO0168214
Submitted To: Roll No - 36
Mr. Alok Gupta Batch: Sept.-Oct.
Timing: 4 PM to 8 PM
 Table of Contents
Internet Basics

Internet Connections & Addressing

Internet Services, Languages & World Wide Web

E-Commerce

Electronic Data Interchange

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who
help and supported me during the making of this project.
My deepest thanks to Mr. Alok Gupta, the Guide of the
project for guiding and correcting various documents of
mine with attention and care. He has taken pain to go
through the project and made necessary correction as and
when needed.
I would also thank my Institution[ICAI] and my faculty
members without whom this project would have been a
distant reality.
INTERNET
BASICS
WHAT IS INTERNET??
 In simple words, we can denote it as
“A NETWORK OF NETWORKS”
 An international collection of
computer networks, networked
together using a common TCP/IP
Protocol.
 INTERNET CONNECTION
REQUIREMENTS

 COMPUTER HARDWARE
 TELEPHONE CONNECTION
 WEB BROWSER
 MODEM
 SERVICE PROVIDER
GENERAL USES OF INTERNET
 Access To Vast Resource of Information:
Internet can be used to find information about
almost anything with the help of search engines
such as Google, Yahoo etc.
 Global File Sharing: A file can be
put on a shared location for instant access by
colleagues, Mirror servers etc.
 Remote Access: Using Virtual Private
Network (VPN) one can use a remote desktop
session to access his PC in the other side of the
world.
 SECTOR WISE USE
OF
INTERNET
 Home User
 Educational Institution
 Commercial Concern
 Health Organisation
 Enterprise
 Chat room
 E-mail
 Online gaming
 ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
 Communication: E-mails,
social websites etc. helps in better
communication.
 Information: Internet is
flooded with information from around the
world. And helps us in getting information
about almost anything.
 Entertainment: Games,
music, movies and many more things are
available over internet.
 Services: Internet also
provides us many services such as online
banking, job seeking, etc.
 E-Commerce: It is a
phenomenon associated with any of shopping,
almost anything.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
INTERNET
 Theft of Personal Information: Internet
users may face grave danger as their personal
information can be accessed by other culprits.
 Spamming: Spamming refers to
sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no
purpose and needlessly obstructs the entire system.
 Virus Threat: Computers attached
to internet are more prone to virus attacks.
 INTERNET
CONNECTIONS
AND
ADDRESSING
 types
of
internet
connections
I. Analog / Dial-up Connections: Using a
modem connected to your PC, users connect to the
internet when the computer dials a phone number
and connects to the network. Dial-up connection
speeds range from 2400 bps to 56 Kbps.

II. ISDN Connection: Integrated Services Digital

Network (ISDN) Is an international communications
standard for sending voice, video and data over digital
telephone lines. ISDN speeds range from 64kbps to
128kbps.
III. T-1 Lines Connection: It is a
dedicated phone connection supporting data rates of
1.544mbps. It consists of 24 individual channels
each supporting 64kbps.

IV. DSL Connection: Digital

Subscriber Line (DSL) is also called an always on
connection because it uses 2-wire copper telephone
line connected to the premise and will not tie up your
phone as Dial-up connection does.
 internet
addressing
 Each computer on the Internet has a
numerical address called the IP address.
For e.g. the numerical address of the
GSE&IS web server is 149.142.5.42.
Because the numbers are hard to
remember , popular servers on the
internet have names associated with
their numbers. For e.g. the name
associated with GSE&IS web server is
www.gseis.ucla.edu.
There are several parts to an internet
name:
 Top Level Domain (TLD): This is the

last part of the name. For e.g.

.com Commercial organizations, but
unrestricted
.edu Post-secondary educational
establishments
.gov Government entities
.info Informational sites, but unrestricted
.org Organizations not clearly falling within
the other gTLDs
 Domain Name: This is the middle part of
the name and often the most important. It
is specific to the company/organization.
E.g. Google, yahoo etc.
 Host Name: This is the name of the server

within the company, usually service

provided. E.g. www, ftp, news, mail etc.
 Method/Scheme: This is the method used

for the communication. It is usually a few

letters followed by a colon[:] and two
forward slashes [//]. For e.g. http:// (for
web connections), ftp:// (for ftp
connections).
internet
protocol
suite
 The Internet Protocol Suite is the set
communications protocols that
implement the protocol stack on
which the internet and most
commercial networks run.
 The internet Protocol suite -like many

protocol suites – can be viewed as a

set of layers.
 TCP/IP
OSI PROTOCOL
SUITE
7 Layers Application Telnet, SMTP,
4 Layers
Presentation POP3,
FTP, NNTP,
HTTP,
Session
SNMP, DNS,
SSH,…
Transport TCP, UDP
Network IP, ICMP, ARP,
Thank You
INTERNET SERVICES,
APPLICATION &
COMPONENTS
 INTERNET SERVICES
 World Wide Web (WWW)
 E-mail Services
 Gopher
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Telnet
 Chat
 Newsgroups
 WWW :-
The world wide web is the fastest growing application of the
Internet. It is a system by which many servers are merged together
via hypermedia or hypertext. It is a component of Internet that
provides access the large amount of information located on many
different servers.
 E-mail :-
E-mail stands for Electronic mail. This is very important feature of
Internet by this feature we can transfer any message/data from one
location to another location.
 Gopher :-
Gopher is a system that pre-dates the WWW. Gopher is a web
browser which was used in past days.
 File Transfer Protocol :-
FTP Is a network protocol used to transfer the data from one
computer to another through a network such as Internet.
 Telnet :-
Telnet is a network protocol used on Internet or LAN connections.
It is a user command and underlying TCP/IP. Through Telnet an
administrator or other user can access somebody else’s computer.

 Chat :-

Chat program allow user

- to communicate with each other by
typing through Internet.

 Newsgroup :-

Newsgroup is a group which contains information on particular

topic on Internet. For e.g. comp.*, news.*, sci.* etc.
Features of E-mail
 Composing Message
 Reply/Forward of the mail received
 Address Book
 Printing of message
 Offline Editing/Composing/Reading the message
 Transfer of Data Files
 Greeting Cards
COMMUNICATION ON THE WEB
 Interpersonal
 Group
 Organizational
 Mass
Downloading & Downloading Tools
In simple term downloading means transferring the files from host
computer to your computer. Following are some downloading
tools which can help in downloading.

• Fresh Download
• Download Accelerator Plus
• Web cow
• Internet Download Manager
• Download Express
Some Important terms in Internet
• Hypertext & Hyperlink
• Web Pages
• Web Sites
• Bookmarks
• Web Directory
• Uploading
• Languages of Internet Application
Examples of languages and tools are – HTML, XHTML, DHTML,
XML, JavaScript, VBScript etc.
Components of Internet
 WWW
 Computer
 ISP (Internet Service Provider)
 Cable
 Internet Connection
 Modem
 Types of Web Sites
 Classification according to style
 Static Website
 Dynamic Website

 Classification According to Function

 A personal website
 A commercial website
 A government website
 A non-profit organization website
Uniform Resource Locator
The URL specify the Internet address of a file on the
host computer connected to the Internet. Every file
on Internet has a unique URL. Web Browsers use
the URL to retrieve the file from host computer.

Format of URL : protocol://host/path/filename

For example:-
http://www.house.gov/house/2004_House_Calender_h
tml
Structure of URL
1. Protocol : http
2. Host computer name : www
3. Second level domain name : house
4. Top-level domain name : govt
5. Directory name : house
6. File name : 2004_House_Calender_html
Search Engine
A web search engine is a search engine, designed
to search for information on the world wide web.
Information may consist of web pages, images,
audio, video and other type of files.

How Search Engine Works

 Web crawling
 Indexing
 Searching

Some Examples of Most Popular Search

Engines Are:-
 Google, Yahoo! Search, Ask.com, MSN Search,
Guruji.com,
Live Search etc.
Use of internet
Communication :-
Communication on the Internet can be online or
offline. Chatting is example of online & e-mail is
example of offline.
Data retrieval :-
On the Internet, large number of database exist.
In these database we can retrieve any type of
information for e.g. business, sports,
entertainment, etc.
Data Publishing :-
Data publishing is a new opportunity by which we
can publish any information to specific address,
that can be displayed in special sites for e.g.
advertisement via Internet.
 E-
COMMERCE
CONNECTING WORLD
PURPOSE OF E-COMMERCE
1.COMMUNICATION, BUSINESS, SERVICE, ONLINE
2.USES IN COMMERCE
-BUYER’S SIDE
-SELLER’S SIDE
3.SALES CYCLE

TYPES OF E-COMMERCE
 ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE(EDE)
 ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFER(EFT)
 VALUE-ADDED NETWORKS(VAN)
 INTERNET
 ONLINE TRANSACTION
FIELDS & AREAS OF E-COMMERCE
 E-MARKET PLACE
- INTERACTION, BARGAINING,NEW
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, DISPUTES &
INFORMATIVE.
 ADVERTISING & ONLINE MARKETING
-ACTIVE/PUSH BASED ADVERTISING
-PASSIVE ADVERTISING.
 ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES
-Ad Agencies
-Distribution Channels
 ONLINE PURCHASING
 BASICALY, ONLINE PURCHASING IS A PROCESS
WHICH INCLUDES
WEBSITE DESIGNING STORE DATA SECURITY

MARKETING PRODUCT SELL PRODUCT

CONFIRM ORDERS ACCEPT RETURNS

 FROM CONSUMER’S PERSPECTIVE- ENTERTAINMENT

FINANCIAL SERVICES & INFORMATION etc.
 FROM MERCHANT’S PERSPECTIVE- TRADITIONAL “BRICK
AND MORTAR” MODEL, WHOLESALERS, MIDDLE MEN ROLE IN
MANUFACTURER MODEL.
 COMMON PERSPECTIVE- EXPERTS OPINION IN KNOWLEDGE
SITES, BROKERAGE CHARGED IN TRANSACTIONS etc.
ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS

GATEWAY

ACQUIRING
COMMERCE PROTOCOL BANK
USER SERVER

AUTHORIZATION
SETTLEMENT BANKING NETWORK

COMMUNICATION ISSUING
BANK
BETWEEN BANK
AND CUSTOMER
TRANSACTIONS ON THE INTERNET
 ELECTRONIC PAYMENT MECHANISMS

SECURED JOINT
CREDIT ELECTRONIC
ELECTRONIC ELECTRONIC
CARDS TRANSACTION (SET) TRANSACTION CHEQUES

IT CONTAINS
TRANSACTIONS SAME FEATURES
LIKE MASTER IT HELPS TO
ARE PROCESSED AS PAPER
CARD AND STANDARDIZE
BY PRESENTING CHEQUES BUT IS
VISA, SET IS A PAYMENT
CREDIT CARD SUPERIOR IN THE
COMBINATION NEGOTIATIONS
NUMBER , SENSE THAT IT
OF PROTOCOLS BY ENABLING CAN PROTECT US
ENCRYPTING IT
DESIGNED FOR WEB BROWER AGAINST FRAUDS
AND
USE BY OTHER IN PAYMENT BY HAVING BANK’S
VERIFICATION IS
APPLICATIONS PROTOCOLS. PUBLIC KEY FOR
DONE.
ENCODING.
 NETWORKING
DEFINATION: NETWORK IS BASICALLY A COLLECTION OF
COMPUTERS AND COMPUTING DEVICES THAT ALLOWS USERS TO
COMMUNICATE AND SHARE RESOURCES.

WORKING OF NETORKING:
1. STEP 1: IDENTIFYING HARDWARE COMPONENTS-
DEVICES LIKE NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) HELPS IN
COMMUNICATING WITH COMPUTER. CABLES- HELPS IN ACTUAL
TRANSPORTATION OF DATA. OTHERS ARE CO-AXIAL CABLES,
TWISTED PAIR CABLES, FIBER OPTIC CABLES.

2. STEP 2: IDENTIFYING THE SOFTWARE COMPONENTS-

MULTI- USER OPERATING SYSTEMS(OS)- FOR GENERAL
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMPUTERS, SOFTWARES REQUIRES ARE
WINDOW NT ,LINUX, etc.
DEVICE DRIVERS- THEY ARE LIST OF COMMANDS USED BY OS LIKE NIC
PROTOCOLS- THEY PROVIDES CERTAIN RULES AND SPECIFICATIONS
FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMPUTERS
STEP 3: ROLE OF THESE COMPONENTS:

1. TCP/IP: 2. OSI REFERENCE MODEL

ALSO KNOWN AS INTERNET THESE ARE CERTAIN
PROTOCOL SUITES(IP’S) STANDARDS
APPLICATION FOR DATA
LEVEL 7
APPLICATION LAYER COMMUNICATION
LAYER
(FTP, E-MAIL, TELNET)
PRESENTATION LEVEL 6
TRANSPORTING LAYER
LAYER
(TCP, UDP)
SESSION LAYER LEVEL 5
NETWORK LAYER
TRANSPORT LEVEL 4
(IP, ICMP, IGMP)
LINK LAYER NETWORK LEVEL 3
(Device Driver and Interface DATA LINK LAYER LEVEL 2
card) PHYSICAL LAYER LEVEL 1

3. PROTOCOLS:
SET OF RULES AND REGULATIONS THAT GOVERNS DATA
TRANSMISSION. EXAMPLES – FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL(FTP),
ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL(ARP), INTERNETWORK
PROTOCOL, etc.
THANKING
YOU
ELECTRONIC DATA
INTERCHANGE
[EDI]
 Definition
The transfer of structured data for processing
from computer to computer using agreed
formats, protocols and wide area networking.
FEATURES OF EDI

 EDI helps in electronic exchange of structured

business information ,in standard formats
between computers.
 EDI is the electronic transfer of structured

business documents in an organization internally

among groups of departments or externally with
its supplies ,customers and subsidiaries.
 WORKING OF EDI
One to many Supplier
Manufacture Supplier
Supplier
Many to Many
Manufacture Supplier

Manufacture Third party Supplier

Manufacture Supplier

Requirements
1. Exchange data in standard formats.
2. Each company adds EDI programs to its computer to
translate the company data into standard formats for
transmission, and for the reverse translation in the data it
receives.
 BENEFITS OF EDI

No need of Information Saves time &

paper based not to be money and
system for retyped or improves
transfer of printed if business
information transferred cycle
through EDI
 CREATION OF FILES BY EDI
1. INTERNAL FORMAT FILE - It contains a single
document for a single trading firm.
2. EXTERNAL FORMAT FILE- It contains same
data as in internal format file but translated
into appropriate standard document format.
3. TRANSMISSION FILE –It contains documents
of same type packed together into functional
groups which are again packed into
interchange set.
 EDI COMPONENTS

1 APPLICATION SERVICE
It facilitates sending documents to and
receiving documents from an EDI system .

Document File Server Internal

Format File
Business
Business
Application
Application Callable Routines

Management Interface
 2 TRANSLATION
SERVICE Internal File Server Transmissio
format n File
file
It converts the internal C TFB
format file into External
appropriate standard Internal
Format
format file. format Transmissio
File
file n File
T TFS

Management
C-Converter ,T –translator
Interface
TFB-Transmission file builder,
TFS- Transmission file splitter
Transmissio Transmission
n File File Server File
3 COMMUNICATION cc
SERVICE
Transmission Gateway1 Transmissio
File Gateway2 n File
It sends and receives
transmission files to and Management Interface
from trading partners.
CC-Communication Controller
 EDI STAN DARDS
 EDI standards fall under Accredited Standard
Committee X12(ASCX12 ),1979 of American National
Standards Institute(ANSI) and UN/EDIFACT (EDI For
Administration, Commerce and Transport).Following
are the standards:-
 TRANSACTION SET STANDARDS - Define procedural
formats and data content requirements
 DATA DICTIONARY AND SEGMENT DICTIONARY -Define
precise content for data elements used in building
transaction sets
 TRANSACTION CONTROL STANDARDS - Define formats
for information required to control data interchange
THANKING
YOU