ARDUINO

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

MYRNA ANOT-CABRERA
 TERMS USED IN ARDUINO
• Arduino - is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-
use hardware and software. It's intended for anyone making
interactive projects.

• Open source software (OSS) - is computer software with

its source code made available with a license in which the copyright
holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the
software to anyone and for any purpose.

• Sketch – is what we call the arduino program

• Shields- are boards that can be plugged on top of the Arduino PCB
extending its capabilities.
Some Samples of Shields:
 Wifi shield – for wireless comm
 Motor shield – for dc motor control
 rMP3 shield – play sounds/music and read/write data from SD cards.
 PARTS OF ARDUINO
In-system programming (ISP), also called In-Circuit Serial
Programming (ICSP), is the ability of some programmable logic
devices, microcontrollers, and other embedded devices to be
programmed while installed in a complete system, rather than
requiring the chip to be programmed prior to installing it into the
system
Starting clockwise from the top center:
Analog Reference pin (orange)
Digital Ground (light green)
Digital Pins 2-13 (green)
Digital Pins 0-1/Serial In/Out - TX/RX
(dark green) - These pins cannot be used
for digital i/o (digitalRead and digitalWrite)
if you are also using serial communication
(e.g. Serial.begin).
Reset Button - S1 (dark blue)
In-circuit Serial Programmer (blue-green)
Analog In Pins 0-5 (light blue)
Power and Ground Pins (power: orange,
grounds: light orange)
External Power Supply In (9-12VDC) - X1
(pink)
Toggles External Power and USB Power
(place jumper on two pins closest to
desired supply) - SV1 (purple)
USB (used for uploading sketches to the
board and for serial communication
between the board and the computer; can
be used to power the board) (yellow)
 Arduino AT mega 328 specifications

• Digital I/O Pins14 (of which 6 provide PWM

output)
• Analog Input Pins6 (DIP) or 8 (SMD)
• DC Current per I/O Pin40 mA
• Flash Memory 32 kilobytes
• RAM2 KB
• EEPROM1KB
 Sample of Arduino Program
• /*
Blink
Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one
second, repeatedly.
This example code is in the public domain.
*/
// Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino
boards.
// give it a name:
int led = 13;
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
// initialize the digital pin as an output.
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH
is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by
making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}
•
 How to do it
• Create the sketch in the computer
• Connect all the needed components or shields
( if there is any )to your arduino .
• Connect the usb cable to your arduino and
computer. ( *** always disconnect this cable
or external supply if there will be changes in
the connection)
• Upload the sketch to your arduino.
• Simulate .
 Common Functions in Arduino
1. Basics
 BareMinimum: The bare minimum of code needed to
start an Arduino sketch.
 Blink: Turn an LED on and off.
 DigitalReadSerial: Read a switch, print the state out
to the Arduino Serial Monitor.
 AnalogReadSerial: Read a potentiometer, print its
state out to the Arduino Serial Monitor.
 Fade: Demonstrates the use of analog output to fade
an LED.
 ReadAnalogVoltage : Reads an analog input and
prints the voltage to the serial monitor
2. Digital
• Blink Without Delay: blinking an LED without using the delay()
function.
• Button: use a pushbutton to control an LED.
• Debounce: read a pushbutton, filtering noise.
• Button State Change: counting the number of button pushes.
• Input Pullup Serial: Demonstrates the use of INPUT_PULLUP with
pinMode().
• Tone: play a melody with a Piezo speaker.
• Pitch follower: play a pitch on a piezo speaker depending on an
analog input.
• Simple Keyboard: a three-key musical keyboard using force sensors
and a piezo speaker.
• Tone4: play tones on multiple speakers sequentially using the tone()
command.
3. Analog
• AnalogInOutSerial: Read an analog input pin, map the
result, and then use that data to dim or brighten an
LED.
• Analog Input: Use a potentiometer to control the
blinking of an LED.
• AnalogWriteMega: Fade 12 LEDs on and off, one by
one, using an Arduino Mega board.
• Calibration: Define a maximum and minimum for
expected analog sensor values.
• Fading: Use an analog output (PWM pin) to fade an
LED.
• Smoothing: Smooth multiple readings of an analog
input.
 RUN AWAY ROBOT

Is your robot bumping into walls? This quickly solves that problem.
By attaching a ultrasonic rangefinder, the robot can find out if
it's too close to obstacles, and turn around to avoid collision.
Hardware Required
• Arduino Robot
• ultrasonic rangefinder
• cable to plug the Ultrasonic sensor
Instruction
• Connect the Ultrasonic ranger to TK1
• Fix the sensor to the front of the robot
• Upload the example, unplug USB and turn on power
• Put the robot on the floor
• The robot will move around, avoiding obstacles in front
of it
• If you want to change the detection range, in the code
below, find the line @@while (getDistance()<20)**, 20
here means 20cm; change it to another value to try out
other sensitivities.
• You can also change the robot speed, look at
motorWrite() for a hint on how to do that.
int sensorPin = M1; // pin is used by the sensor
}
void setup() {
// initialize the Robot, SD card, and display // return the distance in cm
Serial.begin(9600); float getDistance() {
Robot.begin(); // read the value from the sensor
Robot.beginTFT(); int sensorValue = Robot.analogRead(sensorPin
Robot.beginSD(); );
Robot.displayLogos(); //Convert the sensor input to cm.
float distance_cm = sensorValue*1.27;
// draw a face on the LCD screen return distance_cm;
setFace(true); }
}
// make a happy or sad face
void loop() { void setFace(boolean onOff) {
// If the robot is blocked, turn until free if(onOff) {
while(getDistance() < 40) { // If an obstacle is // if true show a happy face
less than 20cm away Robot.background(0, 0, 255);
setFace(false); //shows an unhappy face Robot.setCursor(44, 60);
Robot.motorsStop(); // stop the motors Robot.stroke(0, 255, 0);
delay(1000); // wait for a moment Robot.setTextSize(4);
Robot.turn(90); // turn to the right and try Robot.print(":)");
again }else{
setFace(true); // happy face // if false show an upset face
} Robot.background(255, 0, 0);
// if there are no objects in the way, keep Robot.setCursor(44, 60);
moving Robot.stroke(0, 255, 0);
Robot.motorsWrite(255, 255); Robot.setTextSize(4);
delay(100); Robot.print("X(");
} }
}
 Assignment
Bring the following materials:
 1 - Breadboard
 4 - Red, green , yellow leds
 Connecting wires
 1 – 9 volts battery
 Push button switch
 2 – 10 kiloohms ½ watt resistor
 16 –1000 ohms ½ w resistor
 1 – arduino
 1 - serial USB Cable
 1 – laptop with Arduino software