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ADOLESCENCE

THE DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSITION


FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD
In this slide:

•The Physical Changes


• The Cognitive Changes
• The Psychosocial Changes
When does Adolescence starts?

 starts from 13 years old to 18 years old


 changes in the physical form of the
body
 occurrence of “wet dreams”
 development of abstract reasoning
 peer pressure
• The Physical Changes
What are the Physical Changes?
 Brain
What are the Physical Changes?
 Growth spurt
What are the Physical Changes?
 Growth spurt
 An adolescent may grow 3 to 6 in a year for
several years
 After the growth spurt, teenagers add height
slowly until they reach their adult size
 Heart and Lungs increase dramatically during the
teenage years for boys
 Girls attain most of their height at age 16
 Boys continue to grow until they are 18 to 20 years
old
What are the Physical Changes?
 Development of the Primary and the
Secondary sex characteristics
What are the Physical Changes?
 Development of the Primary and the
Secondary sex characteristics

Primary Sex Characteristics


• In the female, the development of sex organs
include the growth of the ovaries, the uterus,
the clitoris and the vagina
• In the male, the growth of the testes, the
scrotum, the prostate gland and the penis
What are the Physical Changes?
 Development of the Primary and the
Secondary sex characteristics

Secondary Sex Characteristics


• In the female, the enlargement of the
breasts, change in skin texture, wider hips, and
the growth of the body hairs
• In the male, the change in voice, muscular
development , broader shoulder, and the
growth of the body hairs
Major Hormones contributing to the
Physical Growth and Development
Gland Hormone Aspects of Growth Influenced
Normal brain development and overall rate
Thyroid Gland Thyroxin
of growth
Some changes at puberty, particularly the
Adrenal Gland Androgen development of secondary sex
 Development of the Primary and the characteristics in girls
Crucial in the formation of male genitals
Secondary
Testes (boys) sex characteristics
Testosterone prenatally, also triggers the sequence of the
changes
Development of the menstrual and breast in
girls, has less to do with the other secondary
Ovaries (girls) Estrogen
sex characteristics than the testosterone
does for boys
General growth
hormone, thyroid
Rate of physical maturation; signals other
Pituitary gland stimulating hormone,
glands to secrete
and other activating
hormones
The Sexual Development in Girls
 The occurrence of MENARCHE
 Can start at the age of 11
 Irregular menstrual cycle is the norm for the first
few years

The Sexual Development in Boys


• The occurrence of SPERMACHE
• usually occurs between 13 to 14 years old
• viable sperm cell can be produced between
the age of 12 – 14 years old
What is a “Wet Dream”?
 Also called as “Nocturnal Emissions”
 Occurs during ejaculation during sleep
 Happens during the puberty stage
 Normal for the boys
• The Cognitive Changes
What are the Cognitive Changes?

 Piaget’s Formal Operations


 Decrease in EGOCENTRIC thoughts
 Wider perspective in abstract reasoning
 Development in Hypothetical-Deductive
Reasoning
 Metacognition and Information-Processing
What are the Cognitive Changes?

 Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning


 Level 1: Preconventional Morality
 Level 2: Conventional Morality
 Level 3: Postconventional Morality
What are the Cognitive Changes?

 Language Development
 Expansion of the person’s vocabulary
 Development of social perspective-taking
 Language varies depending on the peer or
group the young person belongs to
• The Psychosocial Changes
The Search for One’s Identity

 Erikson’s Identity vs. Role


Confusion
 Develops the virtue “Fidelity”
 Questioning of one’s purpose
 “Who am I?”
The Search for One’s Identity

 Marcia’s Identity Status


 Identity Achievement
 Foreclosure
 Moratorium
 Identity Diffusion
The Search for One’s Identity

 Identity Crisis (Sexuality)


 Heterosexuals
 Homosexuals
 Bisexuals
 Asexuals
Common issues during Adolescence

 Early Pregnancy
 Drug and Alcohol Abuse
 Eating Disorders
 Bullying
 Depression and Suicide
 STDs
Questions?

Or forever hold your peace. Thank you listening. The End.

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