Introduction

There are many kinds of technologies available now a day .

But the research has been seeking of new technologies for the
faster access.
They are looking for such technology which will offer a lower
latency and higher efficiency that it’s progenitor in the one
before such as 3G, 3.5G, 4G .
it will be a great challenge in future that there is vastly need
for new communication system with enhanced capabilities.
One of the possible solutions of this complication would be the
implementation of Fifth generation network (5G) over the
existing traditional network.
 Introduction

 One of the most important features of the technology is the

millimetre wave (mm wave).
 The spectrum available bellow the 30GHz are generally
considered as the millimetre wave (mm Wave) bands.
 The spectrum above 28GHz provides wide channel
bandwidth and high peak to peak data transfer rates.
 It is the solution for the available frequency spectrum in the
existing technology.
 Introduction

 The new generation of the fifth generation wireless

network, which is advertised as lighting speed of internet.

 It will provide internet for everywhere, for everything in the

nearest future.
Methodology
 Methodology

 A novel channel simulation software named NYUSIM, which is

used to generate realistic temporal and spatial channel
responses.

 It is used to support realistic physical- and link-layer

simulations and design for fifth-generation (5G) cellular
communications.
 Methodology

There are 28 input parameters to the simulator, which are

grouped into two main categories:

Channel Parameters
Antenna Properties
 Methodology

The panel Channel Parameters contains 16 fundamental input

parameters about the propagation channel.

The panel Antenna Properties contains 12 input parameters

related to the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) antenna arrays
 Result and discussion

 This section presents the simulation results and performance

analysis of mm-waves for frequency bands 28, 37 and 60 GHz.

 This simulation has been divided into two scenarios

 Line of sight(LOS) and
 non line of sight (NLOS).
 The path loss measurements for LOS

• Fig:1(b):T-R separation vs Path loss for NLOS

• Fig:1(a):T-R separation vs Path loss for LOS
 The path loss measurements of LOS

 Figure 1(a) shows the path loss against frequency bands

against distance .

 In the most cases the 60GHz frequency band has the highest
path loss compared to the 28 and 37 GHz band.
 The path loss measurements for NLOS

 As we see in the path loss in the NLOS terminal then we can

see the 60GHz band has the higher path loss then the LOS
channel.
 The Received Power measurement for LOS and NLOS

• Fig:2(a):T-R separation vs Received Power for LOS Fig:2(a):T-R separation vs Received Power for NLOS
The Received Power measurement for LOS and NLOS

 Figure 2(a) shows the simulation result for the frequency

bands with the received power at the receiver end.

 the received power at different receiver location for different

frequency band decreases as the T-R separation distance
between the location increases.

 Similarly, in the case of NLOS the 37 GHz has the lowest

received power but its received power is lower than the LOS
channel.
 RMS delay spread

• Fig3(a): RMS delay spread measurement for LOS • Fig3(b):RMS delay spread measurement for NLOS
 RMS delay spread

 Figure 3(a) represents the RMS delay spread for LOS related to
the separation distance for the three frequency bands.
 From the simulation we can see that the 28 GHz band in LOS
channel has the stable condition until the separation distance
of 200m.
 Then the values differs randomly and a maximum value at
400m.

 The 60 GHz band has a maximum value of 10.5 ns at 450m

spacing while the 28 GHz frequency has it’s maximum at
300m spacing at 2.5 Ns
 The effect of Humidity

• Fig:4(a):Humidity vs Received Power for LOS Fig:4(b):Humidity vs Received Power for NLOS
 The effect of Humidity

 The above figure 4(a) shows the effect of humidity for the LOS
channel on the received power of mm-Wave channel .

 Propagation ranges as an average form -75.8dBm to -88.1dBm

for the frequency band.

 Within the 60GHz band, the effect of humidity on the

received power is remarkable especially for higher value of
humidity, which has the lowest received power of -54.1 dBm
at 99%.
 The effect of Humidity

 For the NLOS channel the humidity range from 40% to 80%
effects the received power of mm-Wave channel propagation.

 The 60 GHz band has the lowest power received but it’s the
most stable during the variation of the humidity.
 Effect of Humidity vs. Path loss for LOS and NLOS

• Fig5(a): Humidity vs Path loss for LOS

• Fig5(b): Humidity vs Path loss for NLOS
 Effect of Humidity vs. Path loss for LOS and NLOS

 As we notice the effect of humidity on the path loss in the

above simulation result we will notice that the Path loss has
a average range .

 The range is 95dB-130dB.60 GHz band has the maximum Path

loss 130dB and the 28 and 37 has the Path loss of 115dB.

 In the NLOS scenario the37 GHz has the highest Path loss
155.5 and the 28 GHz band has the Path loss of 145.5GHz .the
60 GHz has the Path loss of 150 dB Path loss.
 Temperature vs. Path loss for LOS

Fig6(a):The effect of Temperature vs Path loss for

LOS • Fig6(b): The effect of Temperature vs Path
loss for NLOS
 Temperature vs. Path loss for LOS

 Figure 6(a) summarizes the average temperature rates and

their effect on the path loss for the LOS channel.
 Maximum path loss value was occurred at 60GHz frequency
band and the minimum at 28GHz frequency band

 The NLOS has higher path loss during the changes in the
temperature than LOS scenario.

 It also can be noticed from Figure (6, b) that the lowest path
loss is occurred at 20ºC for all frequency bands considered.
 Temperature vs. Received power for LOS Channel

Fig7(a):Temperature vs Received power for LOS Fig7(b):Temperature vs Received power for

NLOS
 Temperature vs. Received power for LOS Channel

 The figure7(a) shows that the effect of temperature on the

received power.

 As we noticed we can see that the 37 GHz frequency has the

highest received power -35.5dBm at the temperature of 50◦C.

 The NLOS has the Received power of -75.3GHz for the 37GHz
frequency at 50◦C temperature.
 Rain Rate VS Path Loss graph

• Fig 8(a): Rain Rate VS Path Loss for LOS Fig 8(b): Rain Rate VS Path Loss NLOS
 Rain Rate VS Path Loss graph
 Increasing the rain rates increases the attenuation for each
frequency. For example, the 28GHz band with LOS case has a
102.8 dB path loss at 1 mm/hr.
 while at 10.2 mm/hr it has 125.5 dB.

 Under NLOS channels, the rain attenuation for the 28 GHz

band in most cases has a lower attenuation than other bands.

 The 60GHz has the highest path loss, 138 dB at rain rate
10.2mm/hr .then the 37GHz has the path loss of 135dB at
10.2mm/hr rain rate .

 The 28GHz has the lowest pathloss120.2m at10.2mm/hr rain

rate.
 Discussion

 When the distance between the transmitter and the receiver

increases then the path loss increases for both LOS channel
and the NLOS channel.
 But in the case of NLOS channel it increases more than the
LOS channel.

 The received power is closest to the transmitter was

significantly higher than the other locations and for the NLOS
scenarios lower than the LOS scenario .
 Discussion

 The delay spread gets smaller, if the bandwidth gets greater.

 we noticed that the 28 GHz has the most stable and

minimum value of RMS delay spread under LOS channel
scenario .

 Attenuation path loss and received power were simulated

with the reference to the distance of simulation results.
 Discussion

 The higher path loss occurs in 60 GHz then the other two
frequencies.(28 GHz and 37 GHz),while 60GHz has the highest
path loss and lowest received power.

 If we noticed that we will notice in most cases this frequency

is the most stable frequency band during the atmospheric
variations.
 Conclusion

 There is a worldwide need for cellular spectrum. But there are

some few research work has been done on the mm-wave .

 This paper presents an overview of the millimeter wave as the

reliable technology for the upcoming 5G cellular system.