KFUPM PYP001 (Term 182)

Chapter 14.2: Properties of Fluid

O you who believe, enter Islam completely, and

do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Surely, he
is an open enemy for you.
Surah Baqarah, Ayat 208

Prepared By:
Abul Lais
14.2 Properties of Fluid
Read textbook
p441 – 446
Table of Contents
1 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

2 Pascal's principle & Pressure

3 Bernoulli's principle

4 Viscosity
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

Why a small steel block sinks but a big ship floats on water?
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

• If you put an object in a fluid (liquid/gas), it will have an upward

force (called buoyant force).
• The amount of this Force = weight of fluid displaced
• So… You know the force’s direction (up) & its amount.
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

2 key ideas to learn

1. Buoyancy: The ability of a fluid (gas or liquid) to exert an upward
force on an object immersed in it is known as buoyancy.
Easy words: If you put something in water (or any liquid), it feels an
upward force (called buoyant force)
2. Archimedes’ Principle: The buoyant force on an object is equal to
the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
Easy words: upward force = weight of fluid occupied by object
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

• What is “weight of fluid displaced by the object”?

• The weight of the water inside the skin = weight of fluid displaced

Iron block Replacement

water
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

• What is “weight of fluid displaced by the object”?

 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

For floating, B-force = weight

Fnet = 0; so object doesn’t accelerate down

i.e. it floats if: B-force
Density of object B-force
SMALLER THAN 1
Density of water 2
Weight Weight
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

Partially submerged Fully submerged

(low density object) (high density object)

Less Upthrust = Weight of this More Upthrust = Weight of this

much fluid much fluid

Weight Weight
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

For sinking, B-force < weight

Fnet = down; by F = ma:

B-force
object accelerates down
i.e. it sinks if:
Density of object BIGGER THAN 3
Density of water Weight
 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

Case Float/sink? Type? Density Forces

1 partially Low (less than Weight = Buoyant

2
Floating submerged
fully
fluid)
Medium (same
submerged as fluid)
3 Sink --------------- High (more Weight > Buoyant
than fluid)
Table of Contents
1 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

2 Pascal's principle & Pressure

3 Bernoulli's principle

4 Viscosity
 Pascal's principle & Pressure
• Pressure equation

Pressure is the Force per unit Area

P = F/A (Presure = )
That’s all…
 Pascal's principle & Pressure

Pascal's principle: Pressure is the same (equally transmitted)

throughout a fluid
 Pascal's principle & Pressure

Pascal's principle

Just remember P1 = P2:

Pressure is the same (equally transmitted)
throughout a fluid
And P = F/A
So we have:

F1/A1 = F2/A2
 Pascal's principle & Pressure

Pascal's principle

1.Hydraulic Lift is
based on Pascal’s
Principle
2.We can lift a large
weight with a
small amount
input force.
Table of Contents
1 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

2 Pascal's principle & Pressure

3 Bernoulli's principle

4 Viscosity
 Bernoulli's principle

3 key ideas
•

1. When a fluid flow is restricted (A), its velocity increases (v)

2. when fluid velocity increases (v), its pressure decreases (p)
E.g. of 1: Covering a water hose partially with your finger makes the
water shoot out faster (higher velocity)
E.g. of 2: hose-end sprayer (see p445), aeroplane lift force due to
curved wing
 Bernoulli's principle

3 key ideas
•

1. When a fluid flow is restricted (A), its velocity increases (v)

E.g. of 1: Covering a water hose partially with your finger makes the
water shoot out faster (higher velocity)
 Bernoulli's principle

3 key ideas
•

2. when fluid velocity h

increases (v), its pressure
decreases (p)
3a. Height (h) of a liquid
column is pressure (p)
3b. Depression (h) of gas
column is pressure (p)
h
For fig. on right, p3 > p1 > p2
Bernoulli's principle

Avp Bernoulli's principle

p h For liquid flowing system

p h For gas flowing system

 Bernoulli's principle

Applications of Bernoulli’s principle: Hose-End Sprayer

 Bernoulli's principle

Applications of Bernoulli’s principle: Lift on airplane wing due to

different air speeds and pressures on the two surfaces of the wing.
Table of Contents
1 Archimedes principle & buoyancy

2 Pascal's principle & Pressure

3 Bernoulli's principle

4 Viscosity
 Viscosity

1. A liquid’s resistance to flow is known as the liquid’s viscosity.

2. The slower a liquid flows, the higher its viscosity is.
3. For many liquids, viscosity increases as liquid gets colder.
Read textbook
p441 – 446
Old-exam
Questions
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Read textbook
p441 – 446
 The End of
the Beginning