QoS in UMTS Network

December
December 7,
7, 2021
2021 By
By Ying
Ying weimin
weimin
 UMTS QoS

CONTENT:

UMTS QoS concept

QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
 QoS in UMTS network
 UTRAN mechanism
 UMTS QoS concept

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the coll

ective effect of service performance that
determines the degree of satisfaction of t
he end-user of the service.
 UMTS QoS concept

 Why UMTS QoS is so important

-1G cellular system (AMPS)
Analog voice/ circuit switch
-2G cellular system (GSM)
Digital voice/circuit switch
-2.5G cellular system (GPRS)
Digital data/ packet switch
Address QoS issues but not required to implement.
-3G cellular system (wcdma)
Digital voice/data/ packet switch
QoS features are designed in and ready for providing packet
multi-medium service. Cellular system can server as “mobile
internet”.
 UMTS QoS concept

UMTS QoS classes(1) :

 Conversational class
speech, video telephony
most delay sensitive

 Streaming class
can tolerate some delay
jitter should be minimized

 Interactive class
web browsing
less stringent delay
better error rate
 UMTS QoS concept

UMTS QoS classe(2) :

 Background class
Email, downloads
Error rate minimized
Lower priority in scheduling than interactive class
Uses resource only when interactive class don’t need t
he them
 UMTS QoS concept

UMTS QoS classe(3) :

Bit error
tolerant

conversational

streaming

interactive

background

Delay tolerant
 UMTS QoS concept

 Qos impact on resources

Required Required
Network Buffering
Resources Resources

Delay Delay
 UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(1):
 Traffic Class:
Conversational , Streaming, Interactive, Background;
Traffic class indicates the type of application for which the U
MTS bears is optimized.
 Max Bit Rate
Maximum bit rate is defined as maximum number of bits deliv
ered by the UMTS and within a period of time, divided by the
duration of the period.
 Guaranteed Bit Rate
Guaranteed bit rate is defined as the guaranteed number of bit
s delivered by the UMTS within a period of time, divided by t
he duration of the period.
 UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(2):
 Delivery Order
Delivery order indicates whether the UMTS bearer servi
ce should offer in-sequence SDU delivery or not.
 Max SDU Size
Maximum SDU size indicates the maximum allowed siz
e of an SDU.
 Transfer Delay
Transfer delay is defined as the maximum delay for the 9
5th percentile of the distribution of delay for all delivere
d SDUs during the lifetime of the bearer service.
 UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(3):
 SDU Format Information
List of possible exact sizes of SDUs.
 SDU Error Ratio
SDU error is defined as the fraction of lost or erroneous
SDUs.
 Residual Bit Error Ratio
Residual bit error ratio indicates the undetected bit error
ratio in the delivered SDUs if error detection has been re
quested, otherwise it indicates the bit error ratio (BER) i
n the delivered SDUs.
 UMTS QoS concept

QoS attibutes(4):
 Delivery of Erroneous SDUs
Indicates whether SDUs detected as erroneous shall be
delivered or discarded
 Traffic Handle Priority
Specifies the relative importance for handling of all
SDUs belonging to the UMTS bearer compared to the
SDUs of other bearers.
 Allocation/Retention Priority
Specifies the relative importance compared to other
UMTS bearers for allocation and retention of the UMTS
bearer. The Allocation/Retention Priority attribute is a
subscription attribute which is not negotiated from the
mobile terminal.
 UMTS QoS concept
Call Setup Quality:
― Accessibility
• No coverage
• Network equipment down
• Cell barred
• Generic call setup failure (signaling or other
reason)
― Call Blocking Probability
• A blocking event occurs when the network
admission controller denies the user’s access
attempt.
― Call Setup Delay
• The call setup delay is measured from the time
instant when the user places an access request, or
query, to the instant when the user data exchange
become possible with the other end of the call
entity.
 UMTS QoS concept

Call Quality ( Key parameters are covered by QoS Atributes )

― Acceptable Delay Variation

• This is used to define how much jitter the applicati

on can tolerate, beyond which the packet is treated
as being lost.
― Acceptable Transport Service Interruption Duration

• This defines to what degree an interrupt to transpor

t services is regarded as acceptable, provided it hap
pens only occasionally during a call.
― Call Drop Probability

• A call drop is defined as an event where the comm

unication connection has
 UMTS QoS

CONTENT:
UMTS QoS concept
QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
 QoS in UMTS network
 UTRAN mechanism
 QoS requirement on UMTS

Error Conversational Streaming audio

Voice messaging Fax
tolerant voice and video and video

E-commerce, E-mail arrival notification

Error Telnet, WWW browsing, FTP, still image,
notification
intolerant interactive games paging

Conversational Interactive Streaming Background

(delay <<1 sec) (delay approx.1 sec) (delay <10 sec) (delay >10 sec)
 QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS attributers (Profile) :
Traffic class conversation Streaming Interactive Backgroun
al class class class d class
Maximum bit rate
< 2048 < 2048 < 2048 < 2048
(kbps)
Delivery order Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
Maximum SDU size <=1500 <=1500 <=1500 <=1500
Delivery of
Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
erroneous SDU
Residual BER 5*10-2 – 10-6 5*10-2 – 10-6 4*10-3 – 6*10-8 4*10-3 – 6*10-9
SDU error ratio 10-2 – 10-5 10-1 – 10-5 10-3 – 10-6 10-3 – 10-6
Transfer delay 100ms upto FFS 250ms upto FFS 　 　
Guaranteed bit rate < 2048 < 2048 　 　
Traffic handling
　 　 1,2,3 　
priority
Allocation and
1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3
retention priority
 QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS example(1):
AMR speech codec payload
 Bit rate: 4,75 - 12,2 kbit/s
 Delay: end-to-end delay not to exceed 300ms
 BER: < 10-3
 FER < 1 % (with graceful degradation for higher erasure
rates)
 QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS example(2):
 Videophone carries both video and audio and intended for
use in a conversational environment. As such, in principle
the same delay requirements as for conversational voice
will apply, In fact, due to the long delays incurred in even
the latest video codecs, it will be difficult to meet these
requirements.
 Once again, the human eye is tolerant to some loss of
information, so that some degree of packet loss is
acceptable depending on the specific video coder and
amount of error protection used. It is expected that the latest
video codecs will provide acceptable video quality with
frame erasure rates up to about 1%.
 UMTS QoS

CONTENT:
UMTS QoS concept
QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
 QoS in UMTS network
 QoS mechanism in UTRAN
 QoS in UMTS

QoS profile configuration:

UE RNC SGSN GGSN HLR Subscriber#1

PDP context #3
PDP context #2
PDP context #1
-----------------
PDP context ID
APN
UMTS QOS Classes : Qos Profile

Conversational class
Steaming class
Interactive class
Background class
 QoS in UMTS network

General idea: 2 Attach

1 Subscribe time
UE RNC SGSN GGSN HLR
PDP
PDP
cont
cont
ext
ext

3 PDP Context Activation

3’ IP Qos mapping & establishment

5 RL/RB estabilishment 4 RAB establishment

5’ RRM to map QoS to channals 4’ QoS map to radio access bearers

5 PDP modification

5’ IP-QoS remapping if required

 QoS in UMTS network

Subscribers attach to net work

Subscriber#1
PDP context #3
PDP context #2

PDP context #1 Subscriber#1

-----------------
PDP context ID
APN
PDP address PDP context #3
Qos Profile
PDP context #2
UE SGSN GGSN HLR PDP context #1
-----------------
PDP context ID
1.Attach Req APN
2.Insert Sub.Data
Qos Profile
3.Insert sub. Data Ack
4.Attach Acpt
 QoS in UMTS network
Admission control and QoS session establishment:
Subscriber#1

PDP context #3
PDP context #2

PDP context #1
-----------------
PDP context ID

RNC SGSN
APN
PDP address
GGSN Host
UE Qos Profile

1 Activate PDP Context Req (QoS Req)

2 Activate PDP Context Req (QoS Neq)
SGSN may restrict requested QoS
Given its capabilities, load and the 3 Activate PDP Context Rsp (QoS Neq)
Subscribed QoS

SGSN selects radio priority based on GGSN may further restrict th

QoS negotiated e QoS given its capabilities a
4 RAB Setup (QoS Neg) nd load

5 RL/RB Establishment
RRM Algorithms

6 RAB Est.Rsp
 QoS in UMTS network
Admission control and QoS session establishment:
Subscriber#1
PDP context #3
PDP context #2

PDP context #1
-----------------
PDP context ID
APN

RNC SGSN PDP address GGSN Host

UE Qos Profile

In case QoS was downgraded by RNC , SGSN

may inform GGSN about the new QoS 7 Update PDP Context Req (QoS Neq)

8 Update PDP Context Rsp (QoS Neq)

9 Active PDP context Acpt (QoS Neg)

MS either accepts the QoS or

deactivates the PDP context
 QoS in UMTS network
Inter SGSN RA update:

RNC New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN

UE

1 RA Update Req
2 SGSN Context Req/Ack.(QoS profile)

3 Update PDP Context Req (QoS Neq)

4 Update PDP Context Rsp (QoS Neq)

5 RA Update Acpt / Complete

 QoS in UMTS network
Serving RNC Relocation:

UE Source RNC Target RNC Old SGSN New SGSN GGSN

1 Relocation required (Source ID, target ID, SRNC-TRNC
container)
2 Forward Rel. Req( PDP Context)

3 Relocation Req (SRNC-TRNC container,RABS)

Establishment of RABs, RBs

4 Relocation Req ack ( RABS ok, RABS fail)

5 Forward Rel. Rsp

6 Relocation command

7 Relocation commit

8 Relocation of data
 QoS in UMTS network
Serving RNC Relocation:

UE Source RNC Target RNC Old SGSN New SGSN GGSN

9 Relocation detect
10 Update PDP context Req
(Qos.neq)
11 Update PDP context Rsp

12 Relocation Comlete

13 Forward Rel. comp

14 Forward Rel. comp.ack

15 Iu release command

16 Iu release complete
 UMTS QoS

CONTENT:
UMTS QoS concept
QoS requirement on UMTS
QoS mechanism in UMTS
 QoS in UMTS network
 QoS mechanism in UTRAN
 QoS mechanism in UTRAN
Radio interface protocals:
RRC L3
User Plane Radio Bearers

PDCP
BMC
Signaling
Radio Bearers

RLC L2

Logical channel

MAC

Transport channel
L1
PHY
 QoS mechanism in UTRAN

PDCP

 Packet data convergence protocol :

 Header compression and decompression of IP data
stream.
 Maintenance of PDCP sequence number for radio
bearers that are configured to support lossless SRNS
relocation.
 QoS mechanism in UTRAN

RLC

 RLC mode
Transparent mode : no overhead is added to higher layer
data.
Unacknowledged mode: no retransmission protocol is
used and data delivery in not guaranteed.
Acknowledged mode: Automatic repeat request (ARQ)
mechanism is used for error correction.
 RLC function:
segmentation and reassemble ;
ARQ error correction
ciphering
 QoS mechanism in UTRAN

MAC function:
• Priority handling between different data flow is done by MAC;
• Transport Formation Selection , It control transport format for
each flow.

TFC
TFS

TF
TFCS

TrCH#1 TrCH#2 TrCH#3 TrCH#4

 QoS mechanism in UTRAN

Mapping from QoS attributers to radio resource

Prameters value Radio resource mapping

Maximum bit rate (kbps) 128 Spreading factor =16

Maximum SDU size 1500 map to transport format

1/3 Turbo codec,
Residual BER 10-6
Acknowledged RLC

Delivery of erroneous SDU No RLC configuration

Transfer delay Na interlever 10-80 ms

Guaranteed bit rate 64 Spreading factor =64

Set appropriate threshold

SDU error ratio 1% for open loop power
control
delivery order yes RLC configuration