Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Presenters
Muhammad Asad (TE Petroleum)
Raza Mehdi (TE Mechanical)
Yasra Aslam (TE Chemical)
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MATTER
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
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HYDROCARBON NOMENCLATURE
HYDROCARBON NOMENCLATURE
PARAFFIN COMPOUNDS
FLUID ANALYSIS
Many PVT equations have been developed to describe non ideal, real
gas behavior.
Redlich–Kwong (RK)
Peng–Robinson (PR)
Benedict–Webb–Rubin (BWR)
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COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR
CRITICAL PROPERTIES
CRITICAL POINT:
For pure components: the maximum pressure and
temperature at which a two-phase, vapor-liquid system
can exist.
For mixtures: pseudocritical values are calculated to
account for the contribution of individual molecules
which is in proportion to their relative quantity in the
mixture.
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REDUCED PROPERTIES
DETERMINATION OF
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR
USING REDUCED
PROPERTIES
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COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR
FOR DIFFERENT SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
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API GRAVITY
VISCOSITY
VISCOSITY
Units:
Kinematic Viscosity = Centistokes.
Absolute Viscosity = Centipoise.
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GAS VISCOSITY
LIQUID VISCOSITY
LIQUID VISCOSITY
Phase Behavior
System Components
Single-Component Systems
The triple point (T) is the point where liquid, gas, and solid
phases exist at equilibrium.
Water: 273.16 K (0.01 °C) 0.611657 kPa (0.00603659 atm)
Methane: 90.68 K (−182.47 °C) 11.7 kPa (0.115 atm)
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Multicomponent Systems
Retrograde Systems
Separator
Separator Separator Separator Separator
condition lies
condition lies condition lies condition lies condition lies
out of the
with in phase with in phase with in phase with in phase
phase envelope
envelope envelope envelope envelope
Initial
Initial Initial producing
Initial producing
producing GOR GOR between
producing GOR GOR above
of 2000 3300 and -
B/W 2000 and 5000
SCF/STB or 150,000
3300 SCF/STB SCF/STB.
less. SCF/STB.
Stock-tank oil
Stock-tank oil Stock-tank oil Stock-tank oil
gravity lies
gravity of 35 gravity of 40 gravity lies B/W
B/W 40 and 60 -
API or heavier API or heavier 40 and 60 API
API
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VOLATILE
BLACK OIL RETROGRAD WET GAS DRY GAS
OIL
RESERVOIR E RESERVOIR RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR
Stock-tank oil Stock-tank oil
The liquid can
color that is is deeply
be lightly Stock-tank
very dark, black colored (usually
colored, brown, liquid is usually -
with a greenish brown, orange
orange, greenish, water-white
cast or sometimes
or water-white.
or brown green)
Reservoirs Reservoirs
exhibit an exhibit an
initial oil initial oil
formation formation
- - -
volume factor volume factor
of 2.0 reservoir greater than 2.0
BBL/STB or reservoir
less BBL/STB
The
The The composition
composition of
composition of of heptanes
heptanes plus
heptanes plus plus will be less - -
will be B/W
will be higher than 12.5 mole
12.5 to 30 mole
than 30 mole % %
%
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Phase Diagram of typical Black Oil Reservoir Phase Diagram of typical Volatile Oil Reservoir
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Phase Diagram of typical Wet Gas Reservoir Phase Diagram of typical Dry Gas Reservoir
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FLASH CALCULATIONS
EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
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𝞢( VN x MWN)/ V
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EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
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3
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3
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Assumption:
It can be assumed that all the oil in the stock tank can be
characterized by C7+ component of stream.
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.
1
2
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