Light Detection and

Ranging(LIDAR)

BY:
edla srikanth
15T81A0453
BRANCH-ECE
 INTRODUCTION
What is LIDAR ?
Active laser scanning
Remote sensing technology
Uses much shorter wavelength of EM spectrum
Measures properties of scattered light
Measures time delay between transmitted and
reflected signals
Highly sensitive to aerosols and cloud particles
TECHNOLOGIES USED

Integration Of three technologies to produce Digital

Elevation Models(DEM)
They are:-
 Lasers
 Global Positioning System(GPS)
 Inertial Navigation System(INS)
 Lidar vs radar

Lidar  Radar
Uses laser pulses  Uses EM waves
Short wavelength of 3  Short wavelength
times smaller than radio  Used in military
waves applications
Used in 3d mapping  Accuracy is low
High accuracy  Covers small area
Covers large area
 WORKING
Laser produces optical pulse
Pulse is transmitted , reflected and returned to the
receiver
Receivers accurately measures the travel time
X,Y,Z ground coordinates can be calculated using :-
 Laser range
 Laser scan angle
 Laser Position from GPS
 Laser orientation from INS
 COMPONENTS
Laser:
 600-1000nm lasers used for non-scientific application
 Inexpensive
 Easily absorbed by eye
 1500nm lasers
 less advanced, longer range , lower accuracy
 Eye safe at much higher power level
 Used in military application
Contd…..
Scanner
 Used to scan the objects , azimuth and elevation
 Uses :-
 Dual oscillating plane mirror
 Combination of polygon mirror
 Dual axis scanner
Optics
 They affect angular resolution and range
 To Collect return signal it uses :-
 Hole mirror
 Beam splitter
 LIDAR TYPES
 based on backscattering :-
 Rayleigh LIDAR
 Mie LIDAR
 Raman LIDAR

Other types:-
 Coherent LIDAR(phase sensitive)
 Incoherent LIDAR(amplitude measurement)
Contd…..

Photo detector and receiver electronic

 Solid state photo detectors
 Silicon avalanche photodiodes

Position and navigation systems

 Global Positioning System receiver
 Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU)
 APPLICATIONS
LIDAR-equipped mobile robot
 Used for constructing map and avoid obstacle
Contd….

ARCHAEOLOGY
Creates high resolution Digital Elevation Models
Aiding in planning of field campaigns and forest canopy
Provides an overview of broad continuous
indistinguishable feature

GEOLOGY
Aircraft based LIDAR
 Detect fault and measure uplift
 Monitors glaciers
Contd….

Meteorology and Atmospheric Environment

Used for studies of atmospherics conditions , structures ,
clouds and aerosols.
Used for measurement of atm. gas
Used for measuring the concentration of atm. gases
Measures wind speed
Contd….

PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY

Measure the distance to reflectors placed on the
moon
Used in Mars-Orbiting Satellite to produce precise
global topographic survey of Mars
Used to detect snow in Mars atmosphere
Used to measure molecular density
Contd….
MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
Used in traffic speed enforcement for vehicle speed
measurement
Uses the principle of time of flight to calculate speed
Able to find the vehicle speed from cluster traffic
situation
Higher resolution system collect detail to identify
targets (tanks)
 CAPTURE OF ELEVATION
POINTS

Collects only elevation data

GPS antenna is mounted on
upper fuselage
GPS sensors records the data
Data are downloaded and
processed
X,Y,Z coordinates are found
OTHER APPLICATIONS
FLOOD RISK MAPPING
Quickest and most accurate method to measure DEM
Easy flood prediction and plan mitigation and
remediation strategies
Contd….
OIL & GAS EXPLORATION SURVEYS
Provide high speed data acquisition and limit ground
intervention
Done using either a fixed wing or helicopter mounted
LIDAR system
Contd….
ENGINEERING/CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
Using DEM cut and fill quantities can be more precisely
estimated
Time delay between data acquisition and delivery is
very less
Air bourn LIDAR provide a cost effective and quick
surveys for real estate development
Contd….
TRANSMISSION LINE MAPPING
Calculating power line heights or sag under different
loads
 Inventory
 Tower Placement
 Height of underlying vegetation
 CONCLUSION
It has allowed data to be collected that was difficult
or impossible to obtain prior to its introduction.
Data collection and its processing is relatively fast
LIDAR saves clients money
LIDAR offers flexibility
LIDAR is unobtrusive and environmentally friendly
It is used in 3d mapping
It is used in autonomus vehicles
 REFERENCES
www.wikipedia.org
www.lidar.com
www.ambercore.com
www.gisdevelopment.net
www.lidarmap.org
www.velodyne.com/lidar/
THANK YOU