9th grade class Project

 Students will be able to:

◦ Explain the functions of an operating system
(cognitive)
 Draw a concept map showing the types of function
(psychomotor)
 Answer guide questions from each slide (psychomotor)
 Complete the matching column (psychomotor)
◦ Explain the differences between multitasking,
multiprocessing and multiprogramming (cognitive)
◦ Identify the different process modes (cognitive)
◦ Distinguish between the different types of user
interface (cognitive)
 In the next slide:
◦ On slide 6 create a concept Map of the functions of
the operating system outlined on slide 5.

◦ On slide 6 also change the color of the objects in

the concept map

◦ On the concept map, link each function of the

operating system to the relating slides to that
whenever any function is clicked the viewer is
carried to a correct slide.
 Known as the brain of the computer
 It has 6 main functions:
◦ Memory Management
◦ Device and I/O Management
◦ Security control
◦ Program Management
◦ File Management
◦ Logging of Events
 Allocates (gives) memory to programs that
needs it

 Allocates (gives) storage space between all

data stored on the computer
 What is Virtual memory?

 Why is it important to the computer?

 Is an interface between the application and
the hardware components, example, MS Word
sending something to the printer
 Name two (2) types of user interface.
…………………….

What are buffers?

……………………..

r
 Draw or find a picture that shows the two
types of interfaces.
 Provides security such as user name and
password.
 Keeps track of users on the system, records
the time
What are the user name and password for the
computer you are using right now?
………………………………………

 Provide a reason as to why you have to select,

ctrl, alt and delete to access the computer.

………………………………………
 It starts and stops the program
 What are the computer terminologies for
starting and stopping the computer program?

 …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
 OS keeps track of the thousand of files
 It locates stored files
 It saves files to memory
 It will copy, erase, rename and back up files
 Using the following link,
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?
&p=file+management+system&rs=0&fr=yfp-t-
348-s&fr2=
 complete the following tasks:
◦ From the URL above, find an example of file
management
◦ Print screen and paste the diagram of file management
into your presentation
 OS keeps a log of all jobs executed and of
every hardware device
 Logs are used for spotting and diagnosing
problems
 In your own words, tell me what is a log?
 What are some reasons for keeping a log?
 Function Task

Memory Management Require a user to enter a password

to carry out an administrative task

Device and I/O Management Copy documents and music to an

external hard disk

Security control Launch a graphics application

Program Management Send instructions from a music

application to a set of speakers

File Management Allocate RAM to an application that

is currently running
 Explain the differences between multitasking, multiprocessing and
multiprogramming.
The operating system manages many processes and tasks at the same
time to make the computer faster, more efficient and multifunctional. It
does it in several ways.
 Objectives: Students will be able to:
◦ Provide at least 3 facts about the functions of the
operating system
◦ Define multi, task, process and programming

◦ Provide an example of multitasking, multi

processing and multiprogramming
◦ Create a table in PowerPoint and complete the
matching columns
◦ Set up links in PowerPoint
 Define the words:
◦ Multi
◦ Task
◦ Process
◦ programming
Terms often used when comparing operating systems:
 Multi-user – Two or more users can work with
programs and share peripheral devices, such as
printers, at the same time.
 Multi-tasking – The computer is capable of operating
multiple applications at the same time.
 Multi-processing – The computer can have two or
more central processing units (CPUs) that programs
share.
 Multi-threading – A program can be broken into
smaller parts that can be loaded as needed by the
operating system. Multi-threading allows individual
programs to be multi-tasked.
 Multitasking is when one processor performs
several tasks at the same time, to make the
computer faster, more efficient and
multifunctional. It does this in several ways.

 Give an example of multitasking.

 ……………………
 Multiprocessing is when two or more
processors run one program. Multiprocessing
is often faster and more efficient than using
one processor to run a program.

 Give an example of multiprocessing.

 ……………………….
 Multiprogramming is when one processor
runs more than one program at the same
time. They could be programs you have
launched or programs that run in the
background.

 Give an example of multiprogramming.

 ………………
Identify the different process modes
 Is when the number of transactions, or jobs
are processed on one go. The jobs are
processed from start to finish and generally
require very little or no user intervention.
Batch processing is useful for a high volume
of transactions that need not be processed
immediately, such as, data on handwritten
forms.
 Write a paragraph about your favorite person
and then type it in Microsoft word on the
computer.

 Attach a picture of the paragraph you had

written by hand into the Microsoft word
document.
 Online processing is slightly faster than batch
processing. It requires the computer to be
online-connected to the network or the
Internet. If data is time-sensitive, this is a
more suitable way of processing it. As soon
as a transaction occurs the data is processed
immediately or stored and processed a short
time later.
 Go to the computer and accessing the
Internet, use Google Images to copy a picture
of a credit card and paste in a Microsoft word
document. Then write down 4 things you
know about the uses of a credit card.

 Tell me how using a credit card is an example

of online processing.
 Upload this to schoology when complete.
 Real time processing is where jobs and
transactions are processed immediately. It is
when the data is very time-sensitive or when
users need immediate access to data. It is
often used for online reservation system.
 Lets say you want to travel to New York and
you want to purchase your ticket online, find
3 sites that will allow you to purchase your
ticket online.
 …………………………………………………..
 Lets say you want to travel to New York and
you want to purchase your ticket online, find
3 sites that will allow you to purchase your
ticket online.

 …………………………………………………..
 Time sharing is used when a system has more
than one user at a time. It allocates CPU
processing time to each user, one at a time.
The allocations change very quickly, so each
user never notices that there are times when
the CPU is not allocated to them.
 Obtain and paste a
picture of the Time
sharing process
Data Processing Type of Processing
Credit card transaction
An online service for booking
appointments with a consultant
Processing handwritten client
records that have been typed into
a computer
Ensuring all agents have access to
the central system at the call
centre
Collecting payroll information for a
large company
 Underline which of these is an example of
real-time processing?
a) Typing data from written receipts and processing
them all overnight
b) Swiping a credit card where the transactions is
processed an hour later
c) Booking a concert ticket on an online reservation
system
d) Allowing several users access to a CPU at one
time
The user interface
Give two differences between batch

processing and real time processing.
……………………………..
Click on the following site and using print
screen paste an image of a graphic user
interface.
http://www.google.com.jm/images?um=1&hl=
en&biw=1020&bih=555&rlz=1R2SKPB_enUS3
72&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=command+drive
n+user+interface&btnG=Search&aq=f&aqi=g
1&aql=&oq=
 Command Line Interface (CLI): The
user types commands at a
Graphical User
prompt. Interface (GUI): The
user interacts with
menus and icons.

Most operating systems include both a GUI and a CLI.

 Command driven  Graphic User
◦ Uses the keyboard to Interface
type commands into ◦ Used by clicking on
a window display Icons
◦ Very basic and ◦ Uses menus that
intended to be purely display options for
functional tasks and actions
◦ Need to know the ◦ Pull-down menus
correct syntax for drop a list of options
giving commands ◦ Pop up menus
◦ Used by computer activated by a right
experts mouse click
 Hardware interfaces work by physical
interaction. They are useful for visually
impaired people. Braille keyboards allow a
user to use their sense of touch to type
letters into a computer. A Braille keyboard is
an example of a non-visual interface.
Give an example of when you would need a
hardware interface.
……………………………………
Write out the questions and the answers in
your notebook
1. Which of these is not a component you
would find on a GUI
a) Button
b) Menu
c) Window
d) Braille keyboard
2. Name and describe two interface elements
you would find in a GUI that would help you
to navigate and use an operating system.

3. Draw in your note book as well as obtain an

icon that you could use to navigate your
graphic user interface.
4. Which of the following is an example of a
hardware interface?
a) Touch screen
b) GUI
c) Command driven
d) Menu-driven
 Click on the following site and using print
screen paste an image of a graphic user
interface.
http://www.google.com.jm/images?hl=en&bi
w=1020&bih=555&q=user%20interface&rlz=
1R2SKPB_enUS372&wrapid=tlif13002682909
5611&um=1&ie=UTF-
8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi
i. Software refers to the programs that make the
computer function and enable it to carry out
many different tasks.
ii. Programs are sets of instructions that tell the
computer how to carry out these tasks
iii. System software controls the hardware and how
it works. System software includes operating
systems, translators and utilities.
iv. When you start up a computer, you are booting
it. The booting instructions are contained in the
ROM chip. During booting, the computer looks
for the operating system.
 RAM stores data temporarily while the
computer is being used
 ROM stores data permanently, such as data to
start up a computer
1. A ______________ is the smallest unit of
storage and may be naught or one.
2. A group of 8 bits is called a ________________
3. One byte is used to store one
________________
4. _____________ retains data when the power is
lost and never loses data when the computer
is turned off.
5. ______________ is the size of data that the
CPU can handle in a single cycle.
 Special
purpose

Custom General
written Purpose
Application
software

Integrated
Questions
software
 Translators, also called translation programs, are
systems software that convert code into
programming language the computer can
process. There are several kinds of programming
languages.
 An interpreter is a program that converts a
program into machine code.
 A compiler translates all program lines in one go
in one go to create a stand-alone program. Once
translation is complete, the compiler instructs
the processor to carry out that program.
 An assembler is used to translate assembly
language into machine code.
 Utility programs or utilities are usually bundled
with an operating system. They maintain and
protect the operating system. Listed are some
tasks performed by utility programs
a) Manage files by renaming, sorting, listing , backing up,
recovering and deleting them
b) Perform disk formatting which may include clearing a
hard disk and reprogramming it form scratch
c) Scan and defragment a hard drive; this reorganize the
hard disk for better memory management
d) Scan for viruses on a hard disk and remove any viruses
that are found
 Application programs or application software
are programs that allow a computer to carry
out specific tasks but they are not essential
for the computer to work. If you want to use a
computer to create documents, you need an
application program for word programming.
Type Use Example
Word processing For typing and Microsoft Word
compiling documents
Spreadsheet For putting together Microsoft Excel
and managing
spreadsheets
Database For creating and Microsoft Accsss
managing databases
Entertainment For playing simulated
games on a computer
Graphics For creating and Adobe Photoshop
editing artwork,
photos and other
types of images
Communications For using the Internet, Mozilla Firefox,
sending and receiving Microsoft Internet
e-mails, sending Explorer
 General purpose application software is
popular software that can be used by most
people for many different purposes. Word
processing applications are general purpose,
because they are used for many reasons by
people business and professionals. General
purpose software is often fairly cheap and
reliable because it has been used and
developed by many people over the years.
 Special purpose application software is
designed for specific tasks or industries. It
does not have much use beyond those task.
For example accounting software is used for
creating and maintaining accounting records.
It is useful only to accountants or people in
the accounting industry. Because it has a very
specific market, special purpose software can
be quite expensive.
 Custom written software is often called tailor
made or bespoke software. It is written for a
few owners or users to perform specific
tasks. Custom written software is often used
to modify general purpose software so it can
do extra tasks. For example, custom written
macros for Microsoft Excel can automate
some spreadsheets tasks.
 Integrated software is a set of useful
application that are bundled together or sold
together as one package. For example;
Microsoft Office is an integrated software
package of seven application programs.
Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, Publisher,
Outlook and FrontPage
 Integrated software is often a cost-effective
way of buying applications because you can
get several applications for a good price.
1. What is the name given to software that can
be used by many people for a wide range of
tasks.
a) General purpose
b) Custom-written
c) Integrated
d) Special purpose
2. Which of these is an example of system
software?
a) Spreadsheets
b) Database
c) Utilities
d) Games
3) Which of these is a translator that translates
code by line by line?
a) Compiler
b) Interpreter
c) Assembler
d) Operating system
4) State two advantages of using an integrated software
package.
5) State one disadvantage of using an integrated software
package.
6) State two advantages of using a general purpose
software package
7) Name two (2) types of system software.
8) An engineering firm wants to purchase software
designed specifically for engineering drawing.
What kind of application is this?
9) What is the purpose of having utility programs
on your computer?
10) Oshane wants to install a program on his
computer to do a disk cleanup and manage files.
What type of software is this?
a) Application
b) Operating system
c) Translator
d) utility
Description Types of Application software
Tailor made software that is often Integrated
used to modify existing software
to perform specific tasks
Software that is created for a General purpose
specific kind of task or industry

Popular software that has many Specific purpose

uses for many different people
A software package that has more Custom written
than one application
Statements True or False

A typical operating system task is

scanning a computer for virus.

Windows Vista is an example of an

operating system.

An interpreter translates code line

by line into machine language.

Booting is important for finding

the utilities programs to run a
computer
A translator performs tasks such
as sorting, renaming and backing
up files.
1. What is the corresponding decimal value of
1111 (base 2)
a. 15 b. 4 c. 64 d. 32
2. The term BCD represents
a. Byte Code Decimal b. Binary Coded
Decimal
c. Basic Coding Designd. Binary Coded Design
3. System utilities:
a. include features such as webpage design
b. are loaded before the operating system
c. have to be accessed through the Internet
d. perform functions such as checking disk
space
4. The most popular software interface is
a. monitor b. Command-line c.GUI d.
Menu-driven
5. Application software does NOT include
a. Presentation software b. Web browser
software
c. Word processing software d. Systems
software
6. The graphic is called a
a. Picture b. Rectangle c. Screen d.
Slide