Professional Documents
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Well Design
PE 413
Casing Design
Introduction
Choosing the correct size, type, and amount of casing that is used in well
construction is of utmost importance to the success of the well. The casing must
be of sufficient size and strength to allow the target formations to be reached and
produced.
Casing has become one of the most expensive parts of a drilling program; the
average cost of tubulars is about 18% of the average cost of a completed well.
Thus, an important responsibility of the drilling engineer is to design the least
expensive casing program that will allow the well to be drilled and operated safely
throughout its life
Casing Design
Introduction
3.Protect shallow weak formations from heavier mud weights required in the
deeper portions of the hole
Casing Components
Component Parts of A Casing String
Casing Components
Conductor Casing
Casing Components
Surface Casing
Casing Components
Intermediate Casing
Casing Components
Production Casing
Casing Components
Running Casing
Casing Components
Running Casing
Mississippi: Not encounter abnormal formation pressure, lost circulation zones, salt
sections. Required only conductor casing, surface casing and production casing
Casing Design
Bit – Hole - Casing
API Standard
API Standard
The size of the casing refers to the outside diameter (O.D.) of the main body of the
tubular (not the connector). Casing sizes vary from 4.5" to 36" diameter. Tubulars
with an O.D. of less than 4.5” are called Tubing.
API Standard
Casing Length
Range 1 (R-1): 16 – 25 ft
Range 2 (R-2): 25 – 34 ft
Casing is run most often in R-3 lengths to reduce the number of connections in the
string. Since casing is made up in single joints, R-3 lengths can be handled easily
by most rigs.
API Standard
Casing Weight
For each casing size there are a range of casing weights available. The weight of
the casing is in fact the weight per foot of the casing and is a representation of the
wall thickness of the pipe. There are for instance four different weights of 9 5/8"
casing. (Drift diameter refers to the guaranteed minimum ID of the casing.)
API Standard
Casing Grade
API Standard
Definition of Yield Strength
Proportionality limit:
Up to this amount of stress, stress is proportional to strain
(Hooke’s law), so the stress-strain graph is a straight line,
and the gradient will be equal to the elastic modulus of the
material.
API Standard
Casing Grade
API Standard
Connections
API Standard
Connections
API Standard
API Specifications, Standard and Bulletins
API SPEC 5CT, “Specification for casing a tubing”: Covers seamless and welded casing and tubing,
couplings, pup joints and connectors in all grades. Processes of manufacture, chemical and
mechanical property requirements, methods of test and dimensions are included.
API STD 5B, “Specification for threading, gauging, and thread inspection for casing, tubing, and line
pipe threads”: Covers dimensional requirements on threads and thread gauges, stipulations on
gauging practice, gauge specifications and certifications, as well as instruments and methods for the
inspection of threads of round-thread casing and tubing, buttress thread casing, and extreme-line
casing and drill pipe.
API RP 5A5, “Recommended practice for filed inspection of new casing, tubing and plain-end drill
pipe”: Provides a uniform method of inspecting tubular goods.
API Standard
API Specifications, Standard and Bulletins
API RP 5B1, “Recommended practice for thread inspection on casing, tubing and line pipe”: The
purpose of this recommended practice is to provide guidance and instructions on the correct use of
thread inspection techniques and equipment.
API RP 5C1, “Recommended practice for care and use of casing and tubing”: covers use,
transportation, storage, handling, and reconditioning of casing and tubing.
API RP5C5, “Recommended practice for evaluation procedures for casing and tubing connections”:
Describes tests to be performed to determine the galling tendency, sealing performance and
structural integrity of tubular connections.
API BULL 5A2, “Bulletin on thread compounds”: Provides material requirements and performance
tests for two grades of thread compound for use on oil-field tubular goods.
API Standard
API Specifications, Standard and Bulletins
API BULL 5C2, “Bulletin on performance properties of casing and tubing”: Covers collapsing
pressures, internal yield pressures and joint strengths of casing and tubing and minimum yield load
for drill pipe.
API BULL 5C3, “Bulletin on formulas and calculations for casing, tubing, drillpipe and line pipe
properties”: Provides formulas used in the calculations of various pipe properties, also background
information regarding their development and use.
API BULL 5C4, “Bulletin on round thread casing joint strength with combined internal pressure and
bending.”: Provides joint strength of round thread casing when subject to combined bending and
internal pressure.
Rig-Site Operation
Casing Running Procedures
Casing leaks are often caused by damaging the threads while handling and running
the casing on the rig. It has also been known for a joint of the wrong weight or grade
of casing to be run in the wrong place, thus creating a weak spot in the string. Such
mistakes are usually very expensive to repair, both in terms of rig time and
materials. It is important, therefore, to use the correct procedures when running the
casing.
Rig-Site Operation
Casing Running Procedures
Rig-Site Operation
Casing Running Procedures
As more joints are added to the string the increased weight may require the use of
heavy duty slips (spider) and elevators
If the casing is run too quickly into the hole, surge pressures may be generated
below the casing in the open hole, increasing the risk of formation fracture. A
running speed of 1000 ft per hour is often used in open hole sections. If the casing
is run with a float shoe the casing should be filled up regularly as it is run, or the
casing will become buoyant and may even collapse, under the pressure from the
mud in the hole.
Rig-Site Operation
Casing Running Procedures
Regular Slip
Heavy duty slip
Rig-Site Operation
Liner Running Procedures
Liners are run on drillpipe with special tools which allow the liner to be run, set and
cemented all in one trip. The liner hanger is installed at the top of the liner. The
hanger has wedge slips which can be set against the inside of the previous string.
The slips can be set mechanically (rotating the drillpipe) or hydraulically (differential
pressure). A liner packer may be used at the top of the liner to seal off the annulus
after the liner has been cemented.
Rig-Site Operation
Liner Running Procedures
(g) Pick up the setting tool, reverse circulate to clean out cement and pull out of hole.
Rig-Site Operation
Liner Running Procedures