Mechanics of Solids-II

Chapter 03 (c)
 Strain Transformation
• Strain transformation is another method used to find the

stress at any inclination.

• Strain transformation is much reliable as compared to

stress transformation because of the following reasons.

 Strain Transformation
1. Stresses are obtained form calculation using some formulas which

are based on assumption such that; Strains are linear, The material

is homogeneous and obey hooks law. But in actual cases the

material does not obey these assumption, therefore strain

transformation is used.

2. Stresses can not be measured directly, while strains can be

measured directly.
Equation for Strain Transformation
 

Equation (A) is the general equation used to find the Normal strain at any
angle “θ”.
Equation for Strain Transformation
 

Equation (B) is the general equation used to find the shear strain at any
angle “θ”.

Normal strain is positive in tension while clockwise shear strain is

positive and vice versa
Strain Mohr’s Circle
 Strain Mohr's circle is drawn between

The values obtained for shear strain form Mohr's circle is multiplied
by “2” to get the actual shear strain.

The center and radius of Mohr's circle is given by the following

equation

 
Strain Mohr’s Circle
 Principal strains are given by

 Plane of Principal strains are given by

 
Strain Mohr’s Circle
 Maximum and Minimum shear strains are given by

Plane of Maximum and Minimum shear strains are given by

 
Relationship between Principal stresses
and Principal strains
•• Let
  are the principal stresses and are the principal strains.
• If an element is subjected simultaneously to tensile forces in the x

and y direction, then the strain the x-direction is given by

• The tensile forces will lengthen the body in the x-direction but shorten

it in the y direction by an amount

Relationship between Principal stresses
and Principal strains

Net strain in the x-direction is given by

And net strain in the y-direction is given by

 
Relationship between Principal stresses
and Principal strains
 Where is the Poisson's ratio; Its value in the x-direction is
given by

The negative sign shows a decrease in the transverse direction

 Solving (i) and (ii) for

 
Transformation of strain Mohr's circle to
stress Mohr's circle

The radius of stress Mohr's circle is given by

 
 Transformation of strain Mohr's circle to
stress Mohr's circle

The radius of strain Mohr's circle is given by

 

 
Transformation of strain Mohr's circle to
stress Mohr's circle
As we know derived earlier

 
Transformation of strain mohr’s circle to
stress mohr’s circle
 

   

 
Transformation of strain Mohr's circle to
stress Mohr's circle
The center strain of Mohr's circle is given by

We know that
   

Put these in the above equation

 
Transformation of strain Mohr's circle to
stress Mohr's circle
 

 
 

 
Pb#01:A state of strain is defined by εₓ = 600 x 10 -6, εy = -300 x 10-6

and γxy = -400 x 10-6. If E= 30 x 10⁶ psi and ʋ = 0.30, determine the
principal stresses and the maximum shearing stresses.

 
 

 
 

 
  
 
 

B(-300,200)

 
    2θ
R=4
150 92 .44 .
A(600,-200)

x
 

 
  
   
 
 

   
 
    2θ=23.96°
R=1
6.44 1. 36 .

x
Pb#02:A state of strain is defined by εₓ = 800 x 10 -6, εy = 200 x 10-6 and γxy
= 600 x 10-6. (a) compute the principal strain and principal strain axis. (b)
the strain εa in a direction +60° with x-axis and εb perpendicular to εa. (c) If
E= 200 GPa and ʋ = 0.30, determine the principal stresses and the
maximum shearing stresses.

   
 

 
 

 
  
 
   

x
A(800,300)

26
4.
42
R=
500
  2θn =45°  
 
   

. .

B(200,-300)
 

y  
  

 
 
 
x
A(800,300)

26
4.
42
R=
D 120°
 
2θn =45°
  15°  
    15°
   
500 E
. .

B(200,-300)

y
  

 
  
 
   

.3
65
R=
143
  2θn =45°  
 
   

. .

y