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  • Initialization and Communication: Presenter: Deepika Nair

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    Himanshu Srivastava
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    3._Initialization_and_Communication.ppt

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    47 views26 pages

    Initialization and Communication: Presenter: Deepika Nair

    Uploaded by

    Himanshu Srivastava

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 26

    Initialization And

    Communication
    Initialization and Communication

    Presenter: Deepika Nair

    1
    Initialization

    • Servlet instance variables are initialized in init().


    • The ServetConfig object is a configuration
    object used by a servlet container to pass
    information to a servlet during initialization. Most of
    the time this information will be required to initialize
    variables.
    • There are two ways to initialize:
    Override init(ServletConfig config)
    Override init()and get config object
    using getServletConfig() method(of
    Servlet interface)

    8
    ServletConfig

    • This object is used to fetch the initialization


    parameters for individual servlets.
    • This object is passed on by the application server to
    the servlet during initialization when
    init(ServletConfig) method is called.

    9
    ServletConfig

    • Getting ServletConfig object:


    ServletConfig getServletConfig() method in
    Servlet interface

    • Methods to get init parameters:


    public String getInitParameter(String name)
    of ServletConfig

    10
    init param for a particular servlet
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>servlet-name</servlet-name>
    <init-param>
    <param-name>param-name</param-name>
    <param-value>param-value</param-value>
    </init-param>
    …
    </servlet>

    In servlet servlet-name :
    String var-name=getInitParameter(“param-name”);
    11
    ServletContext

    • This object is global to all servlets and jsps in an


    application context.
    • It is used to set and get variables that are global
    application variables.
    • It is also used by the servlet to get info about the
    servlet engine this servlet is running and info about
    other servlets.

    13
    ServletContext

    Getting ServletContext
    • ServletContext getServletContext()
    method of HttpServlet
    or
    • Initialize an instance of cxt by overriding
    init(ServletContext) method.

    14
    Methods of ServletContext

    • String getInitParameter(String name)


    • void setAttribute(String name,Object
    obj)
    • Object getAttribute(String name)
    • void removeAttribute(String name)

    15
    Status 2xx

    GET Request for servlet s1


    s1
    Response packet
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    header
    …
    Client Server
    <html>
    …</html body HTTP status code 2xx
    indicating the requested
    resource is available.

    19
    Status 4xx

    GET Request for servlet s2


    s1
    Response packet
    HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND
    header
    …
    Client Server
    body
    HTTP status code 4xx
    indicating the requested
    resource is not available.

    20
    doPost(
    Status 5xx ) not
    defined!

    POST Request for servlet s1


    s1
    Response packet
    HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
    …
    Client Server

    HTTP status code 5xx


    server error. In this case
    the request is made for
    the method not defined
    in the servlet.

    21
    Status 3xx

    • HttpServletResponse has method called


    sendRedirect(String url)
    • This method sends a temporary redirect
    response to client with status code 3xx. Location
    specifies the URL page to which the redirection
    is going to be.
    • Usage:
    response.sendRedirect(“http://localh
    ost:8080/direct/s?name=‘Harry
    Potter’”)

    22
    public class S1{
    …
    HTTP status code 3xx response.sendRedirect
    indicating the redirect (“http://pondser/app2);
    …
    }

    Request for servlet S1


    S1
    Response packet
    HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
    …
    Client Server

    Request for http://pondser/app2

    PondServer

    23
    Inter Servlet Communication

    • Two servlets (or JSPs) can communicate with


    each other.
    • There are two ways in which the communicate
    can happen based on where the control is finally
    going to be:
    – forward
    – include

    24
    forward

    request
    response
    GET Request for servlet S1
    S1
    forward

    S2

    Calls doGet() method of S2.


    If the request was for POST, then
    doPost() of S2 gets called.

    Control finally is in S2. Response is generated by S2


    25
    include
    request
    response
    GET Request for servlet S1
    S1
    include

    S2
    Calls doGet() method of S2.
    If the request was for POST, then
    doPost() of S2 gets called.

    Control finally is in S1. Response is generated by S1

    26
    javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher
    • RequestDispatcher is an interface that has methods to
    forward or include.
    • void forward(ServletRequest request,
    ServletResponse response)
    • void include(ServletRequest request,
    ServletResponse response.
    • RequestDispatcher instance is obtained through
    – ServletContext or ServletRequest method-
    RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String
    path)
    or w.r.t. to <url-pattern>
    – ServletContext method
    RequestDispatcher
    getNamedDispatcher(String name)

    w.r.t. to <servlet-name>
    27
    Request Attributes

    • Request and Response objects are shared between


    the servlets when they communicate. Needless to
    say that form parameters etc. will be accessible by
    both the servlets.
    • In addition to this, request object can be used to
    send additional data to the a servlet or a JSP while
    forwarding (or including).
    • HttpSessionRequest methods that allow this:
    – Object getAttribute(String name)
    – void setAttribute(String name ,
    Object obj)
    – void removeAttribute(String name)
    29
    Example

    <html><head><title>Register</title></head>
    <body>
    <h2>Register</h2>
    <table border=1><tr><td>
    <form method=post action="register">
    Name:<input type=text name=name>
    Email:<input type=text name=email>
    <input type=submit></form>
    </body>
    </html> On submitting this form, a servlet is invoked that checks for
    the validity of data. If the data is invalid, the same form is
    displayed with an error message, otherwise another servlet
    is invoked that displays a friendly message.

    30
    web.xml
    <web-app>
    <display-name>Register</display-name>
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Register</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>Register</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Success</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>Success</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Failure</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>Error</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    31
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Register</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/register.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Success</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/success.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Failure</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/error.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    </web-app>

    32
    Register Servlet
    // assume imports
    public class Register extends HttpServlet {
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest
    request,HttpServletResponse response) throws
    IOException, ServletException {
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

    String name=request.getParameter("name");
    String email=request.getParameter("email");

    if( (name!=null && name.trim().length()!=0) && (email!=null &&


    email.trim().length()!=0))
    request.getRequestDispatcher("success.do").forward(request,res
    ponse);

    33
    else{
    request.setAttribute("error","Name or
    email not entered");
    request.getRequestDispatcher("error.do"
    ).include(request,response);
    request.getRequestDispatcher("index.htm
    l").include(request,response);
    }

    }}

    34
    Success Servlet
    //assume imports
    public class Success extends HttpServlet {
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response) throws
    IOException, ServletException {
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    try{
    response.setContentType("text/html");
    out.println("<html><head><title>Success
    </title>");
    35
    out.println("<head><body>");
    out.println("Thanks <I>
    "+request.getParameter("name")+"</I>" );

    out.println("<BR>For further details we will


    contact in the email-id
    <B>"+request.getParameter("email")+"</B>");

    out.println("</body></html>");
    }catch(Exception e){out.println(e.toString());
    }}
    }

    36
    J2EE Application Servers support for
    Connection Pooling

    • Most application servers implement DataSource


    interface that supports connection pooling.
    • Therefore when you get connection form Data
    Source instance, you get it from the pool and
    when you close it, the connection goes back to
    the pool.

    48

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