 To survive in the growing world population without

increasing the cultivating land area.

 Weather Forecasting
 Construct the farm in a technical manner for precision
agriculture.
 This system mainly relies on sensors and
microcontrollers.
 Based on sensor outputs farm parameters are
calculated.
 Data collected by smart agriculture sensors.
 Better control over the internal processes and, as
a result, lower production risks.
 Cost management and waste reduction.
 Increased business efficiency through the process
of automation.
 Enhanced product quality and volumes.
COMPONENTS USED:
 Arduino Uno.
 GSM module.
 Soil Moisture Sensor.
 16x2 LCD display.
 Temperature and Humidity Sensor.
 Motor.
 The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and
programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) via a type B USB cable.
The technical specifications of Arduino Uno are as follows:
 Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P
 Operating Voltage: 5 Volt
 Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
 DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader.
 SRAM: 2 KB
 EEPROM: 1 KB
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz
 LED
 VIN
 5V
 3V3
 GND
 IOREF
 RESET
 SERIAL
 EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS
 PWM
 SPI
 TWI
 AREF
 It measures the volumetric water content in the soil
The Soil Moisture sensor FC-28 has four pins
 VCC: For power
 A0: Analog output
 D0: Digital output
 GND: Ground

 The Module also contains a potentiometer which will

set the threshold value and then this threshold value
will be compared by the LM393 comparator. The
output LED will light up and down according to this
threshold value.
 DHT 11 Humidity sensor works by detecting changes
that alter electrical currents or temperature in the air.
 The sensor can measure temperature from 0°C to 50°C
and humidity from 20% to 90% with an accuracy of
±1°C and ±1%.
The sensor DHT11 has 4 pins:
 Vcc - Power supply 3.5V to 5.5V
 Data - Outputs both Temperature and Humidity
through serial Data
 NC - No Connection and hence not used
 Ground - Connected to the ground of the circuit
 For measuring humidity, they use the humidity
sensing component which has two electrodes with
moisture holding substrate between them.
 For measuring temperature these sensors use an NTC
temperature sensor or a thermistor.
 GSM/GPRS Modem-RS232 is built with Dual Band
GSM/GPRS engine- SIM900A, works on frequencies
900/ 1800 MHz
 The Modem is coming with RS232 interface, which
allows you connect PC as well as microcontroller with
RS232 Chip (MAX232).
 The GSM/GPRS Modem is having internal TCP/IP
stack to enable you to connect with internet via GPRS.
 We can make voice calls, send SMS’s, read SMS and
attend incoming calls through simple AT commands.
 A standard communication protocol for linking computer
and its peripheral devices to allow serial data exchange.
 It specifies common voltage and signal level, common pin
wire configuration and minimum, amount of control
signals.
 RS232 uses serial communication.
 The advantage of using serial communication over parallel
communication is the number of wires required to make a
full duplex data transmission will be very less .
 Drawback of RS232 standard is data rate and length of
cable. RS232 supports a maximum baud rate of 19200 bps
and the maximum length of the cable is 20 meters.
 The 16×2 translates to a display 16 characters per line in
2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in
a 5×7-pixel matrix.
 Working of this Automatic Agriculture System is
quite simple. First of all, it is a Completely
Automated System and there is no need of
manpower to control the system. Arduino is used for
controlling the whole process and GSM module is used
for sending alert messages to user on his Cell phone.

 This functioning can be achieved by interfacing the

Sensors and the GSM module with the Arduino.
We can connect the Soil Moisture sensor FC-28 with the
Arduino in two modes
 Digital Mode
 Analog Mode
 DC motor converts electrical energy in the form of
Direct Current into mechanical energy in the form of
rotational motion of the motor shaft. The DC motor
speed can be controlled by applying varying DC
voltage.
 L293D motor driver IC is used for controlling the
direction of the motor. PWM wave generated on the
Arduino UNO is used to provide a variable voltage to
the motor through L293D.
 The Vcc and Gnd pins of the Sensor are connected to
corresponding pins on the Arduino Uno as shown in
Fig. The DHT11 uses just one signal wire to transmit
data to the Arduino. Power comes from separate 5V
and ground wires. A 5K Ohm pull-up resistor is
needed between the signal line and 5V line to make
sure the signal level stays high by default.
The communication between Arduino and GSM module
is serial. The two digital pins of arduino are used for
serial communication. We need to select two PWM
enabled pins of Arduino for this method as shown in
Fig.
 can be integrated with groundwater model.
 used for long term effect of climate change.
 can be integrated with various crop growth models.
 used to study hydropower generation and energy
demands, pollution tracking, ecosystem requirements,
and project benefit-cost analyses.
 used for water balance accounting to study single sub-
basins, or complex river systems .
 In the coming years, Automated farming is projected to
create a massive impact on the agricultural economy by
bridging the gap between small and large-scale businesses.
 In countries such as China and Japan, wide-scale
deployments of smartphones and internet of things (IoT)
systems have led to a rapid adoption of precision
agriculture solutions.
 Automation and control systems manufacturers have
witnessed a definite surge in their sales due to this
profound change in the farming industry.
 Over the past five years, agricultural robots have also been
incorporated into farming operations as they treat soil and
crops selectively as per their requirements and reduce the
need for manual labour.