Lesson 4: Function of the

Human Heart
Report By:
 Norsaliha Mundir
 Julius Nuque
 Marykei Almasco
• The heart is a muscular organ in humans and
other animals, which pumps blood through the blood
vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the
body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assists in the
removal of metabolic wastes. In humans, the heart is
located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of
the chest.

Heart
Heart Structures and
Functions
 - The body's largest artery.
- Takes oxygenated blood from the
left ventricle to the body.

AORTA
 - The superior vena cava is one of
the two main veins bringing de-
oxygenated blood from the body
to the heart. Veins from the head
and upper body feed into the
superior vena cava, which
empties into the right atrium of
the heart.

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

 - The inferior vena cava is a large
vein that carries de-oxygenated
blood from the lower body to the
heart.

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

 - carries deoxygenated blood
from the right ventricle to the
lungs.

PULMONARY ARTERY
 - Takes oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the left atrium

PULMONARY VEIN
 - Oxygen-rich blood from the
lungs enters the left
atrium through the pulmonary
vein.

LEFT ATRIUM
 - Receives deoxygenated blood
from the body

RIGHT ATRIUM
 - Receives oxygenated blood
from the left atrium via the
mitral valve and pumps it
through the aorta

LEFT VENTRICLE
 - The chamber within the heart
that is responsible for pumping
oxygen-depleted blood to the
lungs

RIGHT VENTRICLE
 - The function of the tricuspid
valve, or right
atrioventricular valve, is to
prevent back flow of blood
into the right atrium.

TRICUSPID VALVE
 - The bicuspid valve, or mitral
valve, permits blood to flow
one way only, from the left
atrium into the left ventricle.

BICUSPID VALVE (MITRAL

VALVE)
 - This valve is opened by the
increased blood pressure of the
ventricular systole (contraction
of the muscular tissue),
pushing blood out of the heart
and into the artery. It closes
when the pressure drops inside
the heart.

PULMONARY VALVE
 - The aortic valve functions to
prevent the regurgitation of
blood from the aorta into the
left ventricle during ventricular
diastole and to allow the
appropriate flow of blood—the
cardiac output —from the left
ventricle into the aorta during
ventricular systole.

AORTIC VALVE
 - is the muscle tissue of the
heart, and forms a thick middle
layer between the outer
epicardium layer and the inner
endocardium layer.

MYOCARDIUM
 - A heart valve normally allows
blood to flow in only one
direction through the heart.
The four valves commonly
represented in a mammalian
heart determine the pathway of
blood flow through the heart. A
heart valve opens or closes
incumbent on differential
blood pressure on each side.

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
(HEART VALVE)
 The four main valves in the heart are:
• The two atrioventricular (AV)
valves, the bicuspid valve (mitral
valve), and the tricuspid valve,
which are between the upper
chambers (atria) and the lower
chambers (ventricles).
• The two semilunar (SL) valves, the
aortic valve and the pulmonary
valve, which are in the arteries
leaving the heart.

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
(HEART VALVE)
 • The heart's main function is to
pump blood to the circulation.
This is accomplished by a series
of contractions (systole) and
relaxation (diastole) of the heart
muscle, which occurs in a
rhythmic or cyclic pattern.

CARDIAC CYCLE
 - It is a tissue located in the right
atrium of the heart, near the
entrance of the superior vena
cava.
- It is impulse-generating tissue
responsible for sinus rhythm i.e.
the normal beating of the heart
- These cells are specialized
cardiomyocytes (The cells that
comprise cardiac muscle, contain
one, two, or (very rarely) three or
four nuclei).

SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE

  Primary (SA node):
main generator of electrical impulse.
 Secondary (AV junction & Bundle of
His)
If the SA node does not function, a
group of cells further down the heart
will become the heart's pacemaker.
 AV node normally discharge at
about 40-60 beats per minute.
 Bundle of His along with the
Purkinje fibers, can produce a
spontaneous action potential at a rate of
30-40 beats per minute

CARDIAC PACEMAKER
 SA node
(generates signal) AV node
His bundle
Purkinje fibers Fascicular branch apex
fascicular branch

PATHWAY OF IMPULSE
Purkinje fibers allow the heart's conduction system to create synchronized contractions of its
ventricles, and are therefore essential for maintaining a consistent heart rhythm.
 • is the process of recording the
electrical activity of the heart
over a period of time using
electrodes placed on the skin.
These electrodes detect the tiny
electrical changes on the skin that
arise from the heart muscle's
electrophysiologic pattern of
depolarizing and repolarizing
during each heartbeat. It is a very
commonly performed cardiology
test.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
(ECG or EKG)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_node
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography#cite_note-LHC-5
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conduction_system_of_the_h
eart
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_pacemaker
• https://quizlet.com/1969655/parts-of-the-heart-and-their-functions-
flash-cards/
• https://www.slideshare.net/minhazahmed21/hearts-pace-maker-the-
sinoatrial-node
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_cycle
• https://www.britannica.com/science/electrocardiography
• http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Heart-Structure-and-
Function.html
• https://www.livescience.com/34655-human-heart.html

Sources
Thank You