Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PHILIPPINES:
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
SOUTH PACIFIC
CHINA OCEAN
SEA
CELEBES
SEA
POLICY IMPERATIVES
• THIRD, the Philippines is at the crossroad
of major international navigational routes.
More than half of the world’s tankers –
estimated to contain 353.42 thousand
barrels of oil – pass every year through the
Straits of Malacca and Singapore and
Sunda and Lombok Straits, with majority
continuing on to the South China Sea
POLICY IMPERATIVES
INDONESIA
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
BACKGROUND: PHILIPPINE PUSH FOR
RECOGNITION AS ARCHIPELAGIC STATE
Historical fact prior to the Archipelagic State Principle
“Archipelagic state” did not exist in
international law
RP coined & pioneered the development of
“archipelagic doctrine”
INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF THE
“ARCHIPELAGIC DOCTRINE”
Minister of State Arturo M.
Tolentino
Head of the Philippine
Delegation
3RD UNCLOS ‘82 (Montego
Bay, Jamaica)
Former Solicitor-
General Estelito
Mendoza
PHILIPPINES PROJECTED MARITIME REGIMES
Archipelagic
Waters
Territorial Sea
(12 M)
Contiguous Zone
(24 M)
EEZ (200 M)
Juridical
Continental
Shelf (200 M)
Extended
Continental
Shelf
(Theoretical at
350 M)
Illustrated
3nm from
coast
Pockets
of high Pockets of
seas high seas
MAP OF WCPFC AREA
OPTION 1
Enclosing
Baselines
Main
Archipelago & EEZ (200 nm)
Scarborough Regime of
Shoal; KIG as Islands
Regime of
Islands
OPTION 2
Enclosing Main
Baselines
Archipelago only;
Scarborough EEZ (200 nm)
KIG; Regime of
Scarborough Islands
Shoal as
Regime of
Islands
OPTION 4
Enclosing
Baselines
Main
Archipelago, EEZ (200 nm)
Scarborough
Shoal & KIG
OPTIONS 1, 3 & 4 Article 47 (3), Part IV,
UNCLOS
OPTION 3 Archipelagic Baselines
Baselines
The drawing of such
Regime of
Islands baselines shall not
depart to any appreciable
extent from the general
configuration of the
archipelago.
OPTION 1 OPTION 4
KIG BASEPOINTS
Basepoints
PHILIPPINES
UNOCCUPIED
PD 1596
Occupied by
Foreign
Countries
Northeast Cay
VIETNAM Southwest Cay
CHINA
MALAYSIA
Flat Island
Iroquois Reef
Discovery
Great Reef
Fiery Cross
Reef
Sabina Shoal
West
Reef
Commodore Reef
Investigator Shoal
Amboynas Cay Mariveles Reef
BASELINE SYSTEM (“OPTION 2”)
Enclosing Main Baselines
Archipelago only;
EEZ (200 nm)
Scarborough
Shoal & KIG as Regime of
Islands
Regime of Islands
ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES BILLS - 2 VERSIONS
CONGRESSSIONAL POSITION EXECUTIVE POSITION
Enclosing Main Archipelago, Enclosing Main Archipelago;
Scarborough Shoal & KIG Scarborough Shoal & KIG
as Regime of Islands
THANK YOU