Discovering Computers

Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview

Define system Summarize the

Describe the
software and identify features of several
functions of an
the two types of stand-alone
operating system
system software operating systems

Identify various Briefly describe Explain the purpose

server operating several embedded of several utility
systems operating systems programs

See Page 135 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 2

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 4
System Software

• System software consists of the programs that

control or maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices

Operating Utility
systems Programs

Page 136 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 3

Chapter 4
Operating Systems

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer hardware resources
Start and shut
Provide a user Manage Manage
down a
interface programs memory
computer

Establish an
Coordinate Configure Monitor
Internet
tasks devices performance
connection

Provide Automatically Control a Administer

utilities update network security

Page 137 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 4

Chapter 4
Operating Systems

Pages 136– 137 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 5

Figure 4-1 Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• The process of starting or restarting a computer is

called booting
Cold boot Warm boot

• Turning on • Using the

a computer operating
that has system to
been restart a
powered off computer
completely

Page 138 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 6

Figure 4-2 Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various shut down

options

Sleep mode saves any open

documents and programs to
RAM, turns off all unneeded
functions, and then places
the computer in a low-
power state
Hibernate saves any open
documents and programs to
a hard disk before removing
power from the computer

Page 138 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 7

Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images
Pages 138 – 139 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 8
Figure 4-3a Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• With a command-line interface, a user uses the

keyboard to enter data and instructions

Page 139 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 9

Figure 4-3b Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity
Single tasking
Single user and
and
multiuser
multitasking

Foreground and
Multiprocessing
background

Pages 139 - 141 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 10

Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

Page 140 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 11

Figure 4-4 Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM
• Windows ReadyBoost can allocate available memory in
flash memory devices as additional memory cache

Page 141 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 12

Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 4, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Spooling below Chapter 4
Pages 141 - 142 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 13
Figure 4-5 Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 4, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Plug and Play
below Chapter 4
Page 142 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 14
Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

establish Internet connections

Page 142 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 15

Figure 4-6 Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• A performance monitor is a program that

assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

Page 143 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 16

Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with the

capability of:
Searching for Viewing Securing a
Managing files
files images computer

Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing

programs disks disks problems

Backing up Setting up
files and disks screen savers

Page 143 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 17

Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• Automatic update automatically provides updates

to the program

Page 143 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 18

Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems • A network

are designed to work administrator uses the
with a server on a server operating system
network to:
• A server operating – Add and remove users,
system organizes and computers, and other
devices
coordinates how
– Install software and
multiple users access
administer network
and share resources on security
a network
Pages 143 - 144 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 19
Chapter 4
Operating System Functions

• Each user has a user

account
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name

Page 144 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 20

Figure 4-7 Chapter 4
SELF CHECK 2.1
• I. Identify the following statement:
• 1. _________ a private combination of characters associated with the user name
• 2. __________saves any open documents and programs to RAM and then places the
computer in a low-power state
• 3. __________saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing
power from the computer
• 4. _________controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is
displayed on the screen
• 5. _________ optimizes the use of RAM
• 6. _________ a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM
• 7. _________ a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a
specific device
• 8. _________ automatically configures new devices as you install them
• 9. _______Turning on a computer that has been powered off completely
• 10. _________Using the operating system to restart a computer

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 21

Chapter 7
SELF CHECK 2.1
• II. Enumerate the following:
• 1-5. Different types of Internet Connections
• 6-8. Different types of connection from Devices to Computer
• 9-10. Booting options
• 11. -12. Shutdown options
• II. Identify the following:
• 13. WAN
• 14. PC
• 15. WIFI

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 22

Chapter 7
Types of Operating Systems

Page 145 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 23

Figure 4-8 Chapter 4
Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• A stand-alone operating system is a complete

operating system that works on a desktop
computer, notebook computer, or mobile
computing device
Windows
Mac OS X
7

UNIX Linux
Page 146 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 24
Chapter 4
Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient

operating system to date and is available in
multiple editions:
Windows 7
Windows 7
Home
Starter
Premium

Windows 7 Windows 7
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click
Ultimate Professional
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Windows 7
below Chapter 4
Page 147 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 25
Chapter 4
Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Page 146 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 26

Figure 4-9 Chapter 4
Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has set the

standard for operating system ease of use
• Latest version is Mac OS X

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 4, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Mac OS X
below Chapter 4
Page 147 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 27
Figure 4-10 Chapter 4
Stand-Alone Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking
operating system

Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIX-
type operating system
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click Linux
below Chapter 4
Pages 147 – 148 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 28
Figures 4-11 – 4-12 Chapter 4
Server Operating Systems

Windows
UNIX Linux
Server 2008

Solaris NetWare

Pages 148 - 149 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 29

Chapter 4
Embedded Operating Systems

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip

on a mobile device or consumer electronic device

Windows Windows
Palm OS iPhone OS
Embedded CE Mobile

Google Embedded
BlackBerry Symbian OS
Android Linux

Page 149 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 30

Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A utility program is a type of system software that

allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks

Page 150 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 31

Figure 4-14 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A file manager is a
utility that performs
functions related to file
management
– Displaying a list of files
– Organizing files in folders
– Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving, and
sorting files and folders

Page 151 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 32

Figure 4-15 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A search utility is a program that attempts to

locate a file on your computer based on criteria
you specify

Page 151 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 33

Figure 4-16 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• An uninstaller removes
a program, as well as
any associated entries
in the system files
• An image viewer allows
users to display, copy,
and print the contents
of a graphics file

Page 151 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 34

Figure 4-17 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes

unnecessary files
– Downloaded program
files
– Temporary Internet
files
– Deleted files
– Unused program
files

Page 152 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 35

Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and

unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the
operating system accesses data more quickly and
programs run faster
– Defragmenting

Page 152 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 36

Figure 4-18 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A backup utility allows

users to copy files to
another storage
medium
• A restore utility
reverses the process
and returns backed up
files to their original
form

Page 152 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 37

Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A screen saver causes a • A personal firewall

display device’s screen detects and protects a
to show a moving image personal computer
or blank screen if no from unauthorized
activity occurs for a intrusions
specified time

Page 153 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 38

Figure 4-19 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

A virus describes a potentially damaging computer

program that affects a computer negatively

A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus

itself hides within or program
repeatedly in looks like a protects a
memory or legitimate computer
over a network program against viruses

Page 154 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 39

Chapter 4
Video: Free Online Antivirus

CLICK TO START

Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 40

Chapter 4
Utility Programs

Pages 154 – 155 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 41

Figures 4-20 – 4-21 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

Spyware is a program placed on

Adware displays an online
a computer without the user’s
advertisement in a banner or
knowledge that secretly collects
pop-up window
information about the user
• A spyware remover detects • An adware remover is a
and deletes spyware and program that detects and
other similar programs deletes adware

Page 155 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 42

Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• Filters are programs that remove or block certain

items from being displayed

Anti-spam Web
programs filters

Phishing Pop-up
filters blockers
Pages 155 - 156 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 43
Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)

– Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
• Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
– Can be uncompressed

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 4, Click
Web Link from left navigation,
then click WinZip
below Chapter 4
Page 156 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 44
Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A media player allows you to view images and

animation, listen to audio, and watch video files
on your computer

Page 156 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 45

Figure 4-22 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• Disc burning software

writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files
on a recordable or
rewritable optical disc

Page 157 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 46

Figure 4-23 Chapter 4
Utility Programs

• A personal computer
maintenance utility
identifies and fixes
operating system
problems, detects and
repairs disk problems,
and includes the
capability of improving
a computer’s
performance

Page 157 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 47

Figure 4-24 Chapter 4
Summary

Definition of an Functions common to

operating system most operating systems

Variety of stand-alone
operating systems,
server operating Several utility programs
systems, and embedded
operating systems
Page 158 Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2007 48
Chapter 4
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World

Chapter 4 Complete
• 1. describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer
negatively
• 2. copies itself repeatedly in memory or over a network
• 3. hides within or looks like a legitimate program
• 4. protects a computer against viruses
• 5. program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly
collects information about the use
• 6. displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window
• 7. are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed
• 8-10. Signs of Virus infection

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 50

Chapter 7