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Persian Gardens

• The tradition and style


in the garden design of
Persian gardens has
influenced the design of
gardens from Spain to
India and beyond.
• The Persian g arden
styles follow the
gardening styles of
Egypt.
• The local climate, high
walled structures,
shady trees, water
streams and fountains
are the factors which
makes the Persian
garden a paradise o n
earth.
• The different styles of
Persian gardens are
Hayat, Meidan, Chahar
Bagh, Park and Bagh.
• The Persian gardens are
planted with different
types of fruit, flower
trees, shrubs, shady
plants, etc.
• The irrigation canals are
also planted in the
gardens.
• The canals were planted
straight to provide water
to the plants which were
also planted straight
along the canals.
• The Persian garden style
spread eastwards to India
and westwards vi a Spain
with the spread of Islam
and by the Romans.
Origin
• Persian gardens originated in 4000 BCE .
• T he decorated pottery of that time shows the typical c ross
plan of the Persian gardens.
• This style is best seen in Cyrus the G reat's garden which was
built around 500 BCE.
During the reign o f Sassanid and u nder the influence of
Zoroastrianism, water was considered an important factor in the art
of garden.
T he greater emphasis was given on ponds and fountains in the garden.
During the Arab occupation, gardens were built by taking into
consideration aesthetic rules.
T he best example of this is 'Chahar bagh', with four rivers and four
quadrants representing the world.
After 18th century, European Garden design began to influence
Persia, especially those of France, Russia and United Kingdom .
Hist ory
• These gardens are enclosed.
• The main purpose behind building
such gardens was to provide
relaxation in different manners
such as spiritual, leisurely ( e.g.
meetings with friends).
• “Pairi daeza” means enclosed
space in Persian language.
• This Christian mythology adopted
this term to describe the Garden Garden o f Eden
of Eden or paradise on earth.
• The construction of garden
may have an emphasis either on
nature or on structure,
however the main thing this
garden should allow is
maximization of function.
• The Persian gardens were built
as a retreat from the harsh
landscape.
• These gardens are followed
by modern day gardens,
from the sanctuaries and
hunting parks of 5th
century B.C.19th century
magical nightingale gardens
of Tehran, etc.
• The Cyrus's garden had a Cyrus's garden
geometrical plan and
stone watercourses.
• This style was widely used with the
spread of Islam , from Moorish
gardens (Spain) to Mughul gardens
(India).
• In contrast with the European
gardens of the time the Persian
gardens were very lavish.
• These gardens consisted o f herb
plants around monasteries.
• T he gardens also had red and yellow
beautiful, colorful fruit plants in it.
• Bagh-e-Shahzade his one of the
remaining few persian garden. It has
series of split level fountains and it
is full of tender beauty of nature.
• The Persian gardens have influenced
the gardeners of Andalusia to India
and other countries also .
Bagh- e- Shahzadeh
Basic st yles of Persian garden
Hayat
• This is the old classical Persian garden layout which
highly emphasizes on aesthetics.
• The grounds are covered with gravels flagged with stones.
• Planting is very simple the trees are planted in aline with a
shade.
• The pools are the source of humidity in the surrounding
atmosphere.
These gardens are ma ool centred and structure
centred.
Median
• This is a public, formal garden which
emphasizes more on biotic elements than
structure.
• Here we see bedding plants, trees, shrubs,
grasses, etc.
• In this garden also the elements like
gravel pathways, pools divide the lawns.
• The shade providing structures pavilions
are also built.
Chahar Bagh
• These gardens are formal and private.
• The garden structure mainly consists of four
quadrants divided by pathways and waterways.
• This garden has a balanced structure with proper
pathways and greenery or plants around the
periphery of the pool.
Park
• T hese are casual parks u sed for public functions.
• T hese are full o f various plants.
• H ere we see pathways and seating but these gardens are
limited in terms o f structural elemen ts.
• T he purpose of such gardens is relaxation and socialization.

Bagh
• Like other casual gardens, it focuses on natural and green
aspects of nature.
• T hese gardens are often attached to houses consisting
of trees, lawns and ground plants.
• It gives less emphasis on waterways and pathways.
• T he primary aim is familial relaxation .
Elements of Persian Gardens
• The important Persian garden elements are
sunlight, shade, water, buil dings.
• These elements provide relaxation in different
manners such as spiritual, leisurely (e.g. meetings
with friends)etc. which is the primary aim of
Persian garden which is considered as a paradise
on earth.
• The Persian gardens often connect internal yard
gardens with the surrounding outward gardens.
• Sunlight
The important factors to be considered
while designing the Persian garden is
sunlight and it s effect s in t he garden.
Architects arranged the samples and
forms from the rays of light to restrain
the sunlight.
The specific textures and shapes were
chosen by the experienced architects to
harness the light.
• Shade

The shade is also very import ant due t o t he dry


heat of Iran.
The Persian gardens includes t rees, shrubs and
trelliseswhich work as biotic shades to provide
protection from strong sunrays.
In t hese gardens we can see large number of big
shade trees, fruit and flower trees as well.
Walls and pavilions are alsoimport ant in blocking
the harsh sunrays.
Mostly cypress trees are found.
• Water
• In desert regions, there are many dry areas beside the many forests,
therefore water comes as the next important element in the Persian
garden.
• T he underground water canals are built on slopes to facilitate either
natural or the artificial flow of water (waterfalls).
• It is assumed that this style of irrigation is thousand years old.
• T his style works in the best way and widely used even in modern
gardening styles.
• For this purpose of moving water around the surface water systems.
• T rees are planted in a ditch called ajub, to prevent water
evaporation and allow q uick access of water to the tree
roots.
• Buildings
• In many of the Persian gardens, buildings of splendor, brick works and
pavilions are seen.
• H ere we also get to see the different structural designs like royal
palaces, mansions, temples, etc.
• Iranian architects used to build domes on square buildings very
skilfully.
• These enhance the beauty of these gardens.
• In Persian g ardens, beautiful arches were constructed.
• In front of many mansions and palaces of these gardens, the water
fountains were placed as the source of c ool, peaceful atmosphere and
pleasure.
• T he beautiful types of glasses (e.g. stain g lasses) were used for windows
and other glass works.
Charact erist ic feat ures of Persian gardens
The most important factor of Persian gardens is to build
shade type structures wherevernecessary in the garden.

This helps to cope with hot climates and keep the


atmosphere cool.

These gardens are c losed and walled and have very little
association with the area outside these walls.

The Persian gardens necessarily have acentral water


feature or ponds as water is the soul of these gardens.
Fountains tend to be more modern in Persian garden design.
It is a best way save water and maintain with the original
design consisting of awater structure.

The gardens have crisp colours and c lean alignments


and Intricate mosaic tiles are occasionally used in
these gardens.
The gardens can be conservative, refined, formal or relaxed
and casual.
The different garden designs serve different purposes.

Arches play an important role in Persian garden designs.

It shows typical Persian architectural theme.

These arches are made from stonework or sometimes wooden


support which can be made to appear asoriginal.

Symmetry is very important in these designs.

The matching or mirroring elements can give enjoyment and


pleasure.
Fin Garden, Kashan
• It is also called as Bagh-e-Fin lo cated in Kashan , Iran.

• It is a historical Persian garden. The garden might have its origin in


Safavid period.

• It was built near the village of Fin under the reign of A bbas I of Persia
(1571-1629).

• The area of garden is 2.3 hectares consisting of a main yard surrounded


with four circular towers.

• The fin garden is full of water features.

• There was a spring behind the g arden on the hillside which was the main
source of water for this garden.

• In this place the water pressure was such that fountains and pools could
easily be constructed without the use of mechanical pumps.

• The garden contains many cypress trees


• The plan is a sophisticated charhar bagh with grids of canals and
paths.

• The canals are lined with blue-green tiles, a color which contrasts
wonderfully with the desert outside the garden walls.

• At Fin, all the channels are lined, sides and bottom, with blue
faience tiles so that the very water seems bright until it flows into
one of the larger pools, lined with great trees.
THANK YOU .

Name:Ashwin.C . Deshpande
Tanushree.Gupta
VISemester B .Architecture

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