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Introduction
1
Contents
2
History Engineering drawing
3
Important of Engineering drawing
5
Elements of a Drawing
A clear and precise engineering drawing requires both
graphics and word languages.
Graphics language
Describe a shape (mainly).
Word language
Describe an exact size,
location and specification
of the object.
6
Knowledge and Skills Require
Engineering Drawing
Graphics Word
language language
Geometric Projection
construction method Dimensions & Notes
Example of standards
1.ISO Standards
2.ASME Standards
3.BS Standards
4.DIN Standards
5.JIS Standards
9
Drawing Standard
Drawing Sheet
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
c
Sheet size c (min) d (min)
A4 5 10
Border d Drawing space
c
A3 10 20
lines
A2 10 20
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
c
Title block
Drawing
2. Type Y (A4 only) d space
Title block
12
Drawing Standard
Drawing Scale
1 : 2
Drawing Actual
14
Drawing Scales : Designation
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follows
15
Drawing Scales : Notes
Dimension numbers shown in the drawing represent
the “true size” of an object and they are independent of
the drawing scale used.
16
Drawing Standard
Lettering
19
Suggested
Upper-caseStrokes
Letters Sequence
& Numerals
Straight line
letters
Curved line
letters
&
Numerals
20
Lower-case Letters
21
Word Composition
Space between the letters depends on the adjacent
contour of the letters.
DRAWING
Non-uniform
spacing
D R A W IN G
Uniform
spacing
DRAWING
Contour
Spacing
3. straight-slant (or slant-straight) : IV, IW etc.
4. curve-curve : OO, OG etc.
5. slant-curve (or curve-slant) : VO, WG, VC etc.
6. slant-slant : VW, VX etc.
23
Sentence Composition
Leave the space between words equal to the space
requires for writing a letter “O”.
Example
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Drawing Standard
Line Types
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Basic Line Types
Name according
Types of Lines Appearance
to application
Visible lines
Hidden lines
Center line
Break line
Dimension & extension lines
Section lines
Cutting plane lines
Phantom lines
Line Conventions
Visible Lines – solid thick lines that represent visible edges or contours
Hidden Lines – short evenly spaced dashes that depict hidden features
Section Lines – solid thin lines that indicate cut surfaces
Center Lines – alternating long and short dashes
Dimensioning
Dimension Lines - solid thin lines showing dimension extent/direction
Extension Lines - solid thin lines showing point or line to which dimension
applies
Leaders – direct notes, dimensions, symbols, part numbers, etc. to features on
drawing
Cutting-Plane and Viewing-Plane Lines – indicate location of cutting planes for sectional
views and the viewing position for removed partial views
Break Lines – indicate only portion of object is drawn. May be random “squiggled” line
or thin dashes joined by zigzags.
Phantom Lines – long thin dashes separated by pairs of short dashes indicate alternate
positions of moving parts, adjacent position of related parts and repeated detail
Chain Line – Lines or surfaces with special requirements
Drawing instrument and their use
30
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Tools Shape to be drawn
1. T-square
Straight line
2. Triangles
T-square and triangles can be used together to draw
an inclined line with 15o increment, i.e. 15o, 30o, 45o,
60o, 75o, 90o, 105o, 120o, 135o, 150o, 165o, 180o etc.
3. Compass
Arc, Circle
4. Circle template
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