ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

• Design principles for the data model

• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
CRWR GIS in Water Resources
Consortium

Water
GIS
Resources

Bringing together these two communities by using a

common geospatial data model
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
 Trends During 1990’s
• Standardized GIS data sets were produced for
hydrology
• Internet became a major conduit for data
distribution
• Most US hydrologic models had GIS interfaces
constructed for them
• Microsoft COM protocol became a standard (Word,
Powerpoint, Excel, Visual Basic for Applications)
• ESRI adopted COM for ArcGIS
 Trends during 2000’s
• Relational databases (Access, Oracle,…)
will be the standard for data storage
• Geospatial and temporal data for hydrology
will be more formally synthesized
• Use of component technologies will blur the
line between applications (hydrology-
hydraulics-water quality)
• Increasing use of real-time applications
• More use of terrain surfaces e.g. LIDAR
 ArcGIS Data Models
• Facilitate a process with the user community
• Capture the essential, common data model for each
discipline
• Build a database design template that works well with
ArcGIS
• Build on experience, not a standards exercise
• Share the model on ArcOnline
http://arconline.esri.com/arconline/datamodels.cfm
 Essential Data Model
Organization B
Organization A

Something Organization D
in common

Organization C
The data model for a business organization
tends not to change greatly over time unless
the business organization changes the
fundamental way that it does business
 Model Definition
• Develop a data model to support Hydrology
and Hydrography
• Link the vector and raster worlds
• Understand producer and consumer needs
• Exercise with real data to validate the model
• Use a geometric network for faster tracing
and data quality validation
 Evolution of the Model
• Hands-on experience was key to evolution
• We have somehow struggled through the process
and found new ways of managing Hydro Data
– Consistent structure
– Varying detail
– Multi-purpose
– Common tools and techniques (Patterns)
• You will hear interest and excitement about this in
the presentations today
 Acknowledgements
Many people and organizations have
contributed to the development of Arc
Hydro. We thank you!!
• CRWR – ESRI team
• BYU, CDM, DHI, Dodson, EPA, HEC,
LCRA, NHD, TNRCC, TWDB, USGS
• Many individuals in academia, government
and industry
 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

Hydrography Hydrology
 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

Network Flow
Drainage
HydroFeatures
Time

Time Series

Hydrography Channel
Data Model Based on Inventory
NHD Points
Make an
NHD Lines inventory of
all features of
NHD Areas a given type in
Gages the region

Dams What is it?

Where is it?
Bridges
Data Model Based on Behavior
Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the
land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.
Integrating Data Inventory
using a Behavioral Model
Relationships between
objects linked by tracing path
of water movement
 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model CRWR GIS in Water Resources
http://arconline.esri.com/arconline/datamodels/water.cfm Consortium
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
HydroFeature SimpleJunctionFeature ComplexEdgeFeature
HydroID
HydroCode
1
HydroJunction HydroEdge
HydroID HydroID
DrainageFeature HydroCode HydroCode
1 NextDownID ReachCode
DrainID LengthDown Name
DrainArea LengthKm
FType LengthDown
Enabled Object
FlowDir
AncillaryRole FType
EdgeType
Enabled
DrainagePoint DrainageArea DrainageLine HydroFeature HydroEvent
AreaSqKm
JunctionID HydroID ReachCode
JunctionID EdgeType
HydroCode
NextDownID
Flowline

Shoreline
SchematicNode SchematicLink HydroPointEvent HydroLineEvent
Catchment Watershed Basin
FeatureID FromNode Measure FMeasure
ToNode TMeasure
Offset
Drainage 1 Network

Feature HydroFeature HydroFeature

HydroID
HydroID Object
HydroCode
HydroCode

ChannelFeature TimeSeries
HydroResponseUnit Hydrography ReachCode FeatureID
RiverCode TSType
FType TSDateTime
AreaSqKm
Name TSValue

ProfileLine 1
CrossSection
HydroPoint HydroLine HydroArea FType
CSCode
Flow
JunctionID ProfOrigin
JunctionID
CSOrigin
ProfileM

Waterbody 1 Object
Dam Structure WaterWithdrawal UserPoint
AreaSqKm
JunctionID
Time
Bridge MonitoringPoint WaterDischarge CrossSectionPoint
1..* CSCode
CrossM
Elevation
Hydrography Channel Time Series

How to read ESRI ArcObject Class Types of Classes Types of Classes Types of Relationships Components Attributes of Hydro Features
this diagram ESRI ArcObject classes (colored grey) are generic A Feature class (colored blue) is an object class Inheritance (indicated by a triangle) means that the All features in the model are Hydro Features. HydroID is an integer identifier for hydro features
object classes provided with the ArcGIS software. that has spatial coordinates (Point, Line Area). classes below inherit the properties and methods of which is unique within the geodatabase
Object Class Abstract Class
Hydrography features are the blue lines on maps,
All ArcGIS Hydro classes inherit from one of these A Network Feature class (colored blue) is a the classes above them in the class hierarchy. and point features from tabular data inventories HydroCode is a string identifier for hydro features
Attributes Attributes
classes (Object, Feature, Network Feature). feature class that has connectivity between Association (indicated by a blue line) links objects in which is their permanent public identifier
Inheritance Drainage features define the drainage areas of the
An Abstract class (Class Name in italics) is a class Junctions (points) and Edges (lines). two classes using common values of key attribute landscape. JunctionID is the HydroID of an associated
which stores common attributes shared by the A Coded Value Domain is an attribute combining fields stored in both classes. HydroJunction. This junction is the outlet location for
Network features describe the connectivity of water
Feature Class Feature Class classes inheriting from it. It does not have objects of a numerical code with a text label. It is used for Multiplicity specifies how many objects can be Drainage Areas and Waterbodies
1 flow through the landscape
Attributes Attributes its own. Type attributes. associated with another object in an Association. FeatureID is the HydroID of an associated hydro
Channel features provide a 3-dimensional view of
1..* Multiplicity An Object class (colored white) is a class A Class Subtype (blue and white pattern ) is a 1 One and only one. feature.
Association channel shape.
represented as a Table in which each object has an separate class defined by a Coded Value Domain NextDownID is the HydroID of the next downstream
Subtype 1..* From one to any positive integer. Time Series store time varying data about the water
ObjectID and Attributes. type attribute. feature in this class
properties of any feature
Arc Hydro Implementation
Workspace
Geodatabase
Feature Dataset
Feature Class

Geometric
Network

Relationship
Object Class
Arc Hydro Design Principles
• Classification
– Partitioning, typing, and naming of classes
• Attribution
– Feature description, including time series
• Association
– Relating features using key attributes
• Navigation
– Following water movement from feature to
feature
 Classification
• Partitioning
– Like features are grouped into components
(Network, Drainage, …)
• Typing
– Object, Feature, Network feature
• Naming
– Common names if possible, defined by a
glossary
 Classification Hierarchy
1. Text descriptor e.g. • FType = “Stream/River”
Light FType
2. Coded Value Domain • 1 = “WithDigitized”,
e.g. FDir
2 =“AgainstDigitized”,..
3. Subtypes – separate
classes with same • EdgeType = 1 for
attributes e.g. Flowline, = 2 for
HydroEdge Shoreline
4. Subclasses - separate • Dam, Bridge, Monitoring
classes with different Point, …
Heavy attributes e.g.
HydroPoint
 Two-Way Classification:
FTypes of Subtypes
• EdgeType = 1 • EdgeType = 2
FlowLine Shoreline
• FType = • FType =
– “Stream/River” – “Bankline”
– “Canal/Ditch” – “Shoreline”
– “Pipeline” – “Coastline”
– “Connector”
– “Waterbody FlowLine”
 Attribution
• Minimal attribution in the model
– Assume user will add more
• Attribute Names are all 10 characters or less
so they are not truncated when exported to
Shapefiles
• Standard conventions
– ID is a long integer
– Code is a string
 Hydro Features
• Every Arc Hydro feature is a Hydro Feature
with a HydroID and HydroCode
• HydroID = Class Number + ObjectID e.g.
12000013 is object 13 in class 12 (unique
within a geodatabase)
• HydroCode = HydroID + Geodatabase name
e.g. Mybasin12000013 (unique within a set
of geodatabases)
 Association
• An association is established using key
fields in two separate tables
– Can build relationship if necessary
• Hydro Assocation – HydroID of one class is
an attribute of another class
– JunctionID (Drainage Outlets)
– FeatureID (Time Series)
– NextDownID (Downstream feature)
 Navigation
• Navigation means tracing the movement
of water downstream or upstream
– Dendritic Navigation – using NextDownID
within a single feature class
– Network Navigation – using Network
Analyst tracing tools on Hydro Network
– Schematic Navigation – using
SchematicLink and SchematicNodes to
connect features in several classes
 National Hydro Data Programs
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html
National Elevation Dataset National Hydrography Dataset
(NED) (NHD)

Elevation Derivatives for

National Applications (EDNA) Watershed Boundary Dataset
How do we combine these data?

Digital Elevation Streams

Watersheds Waterbodies
Models
An integrated
raster-vector
database
Where Does the Raindrop Go?

A
B

? ?
Dale Honeycutt’s concept, May 2000
 Water Flows from an Area to a Line

A
B

Problems with this:

• Areas and lines are not always consistent with one another.
• Sometimes many lines within one area.
 How to Connect Areas
to the Hydro Network?
Regardless of where the drop falls in the area,
its runoff is on the network at the outlet point
Areas connect
to lines at points

A
B

Outlet Points
Area to Stream Outlet
Connectivity
ArcHydro and ArcFM Water
• ArcFM Water • Arc Hydro
– Water – Natural water
Infrastructure system
– Water distribution – Catchments drain
– Wastewater to storm sewer
collection inlets
– Storm sewers – Storm sewers
discharge to
streams
Area to Sewer Inlet
Connectivity
 Schema
• A schema is the structure or
design of a database.

• A schema specifies the feature

and object classes -- including
their attributes and relationships
-- of the geodatabase.
 Repository

• A repository is database that contains

the schema information needed to
create a geodatabase from a UML
model created using a CASE tool.
 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
• Design principles for the data model
• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model CRWR GIS in Water Resources
http://arconline.esri.com/arconline/datamodels/water.cfm Consortium
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
HydroFeature SimpleJunctionFeature ComplexEdgeFeature
HydroID
HydroCode
1
HydroJunction HydroEdge
HydroID HydroID
DrainageFeature HydroCode HydroCode
1 NextDownID ReachCode
DrainID LengthDown Name
DrainArea LengthKm
FType LengthDown
Enabled Object
FlowDir
AncillaryRole FType
EdgeType
Enabled
DrainagePoint DrainageArea DrainageLine HydroFeature HydroEvent
AreaSqKm
JunctionID HydroID ReachCode
JunctionID EdgeType
HydroCode
NextDownID
Flowline

Shoreline
SchematicNode SchematicLink HydroPointEvent HydroLineEvent
Catchment Watershed Basin
FeatureID FromNode Measure FMeasure
ToNode TMeasure
Offset
Drainage 1 Network

Feature HydroFeature HydroFeature

HydroID
HydroID Object
HydroCode
HydroCode

ChannelFeature TimeSeries
HydroResponseUnit Hydrography ReachCode FeatureID
RiverCode TSType
FType TSDateTime
AreaSqKm
Name TSValue

ProfileLine 1
CrossSection
HydroPoint HydroLine HydroArea FType
CSCode
Flow
JunctionID ProfOrigin
JunctionID
CSOrigin
ProfileM

Waterbody 1 Object
Dam Structure WaterWithdrawal UserPoint
AreaSqKm
JunctionID
Time
Bridge MonitoringPoint WaterDischarge CrossSectionPoint
1..* CSCode
CrossM
Elevation
Hydrography Channel Time Series

How to read ESRI ArcObject Class Types of Classes Types of Classes Types of Relationships Components Attributes of Hydro Features
this diagram ESRI ArcObject classes (colored grey) are generic A Feature class (colored blue) is an object class Inheritance (indicated by a triangle) means that the All features in the model are Hydro Features. HydroID is an integer identifier for hydro features
object classes provided with the ArcGIS software. that has spatial coordinates (Point, Line Area). classes below inherit the properties and methods of which is unique within the geodatabase
Object Class Abstract Class
Hydrography features are the blue lines on maps,
All ArcGIS Hydro classes inherit from one of these A Network Feature class (colored blue) is a the classes above them in the class hierarchy. and point features from tabular data inventories HydroCode is a string identifier for hydro features
Attributes Attributes
classes (Object, Feature, Network Feature). feature class that has connectivity between Association (indicated by a blue line) links objects in which is their permanent public identifier
Inheritance Drainage features define the drainage areas of the
An Abstract class (Class Name in italics) is a class Junctions (points) and Edges (lines). two classes using common values of key attribute landscape. JunctionID is the HydroID of an associated
which stores common attributes shared by the A Coded Value Domain is an attribute combining fields stored in both classes. HydroJunction. This junction is the outlet location for
Network features describe the connectivity of water
Feature Class Feature Class classes inheriting from it. It does not have objects of a numerical code with a text label. It is used for Multiplicity specifies how many objects can be Drainage Areas and Waterbodies
1 flow through the landscape
Attributes Attributes its own. Type attributes. associated with another object in an Association. FeatureID is the HydroID of an associated hydro
Channel features provide a 3-dimensional view of
1..* Multiplicity An Object class (colored white) is a class A Class Subtype (blue and white pattern ) is a 1 One and only one. feature.
Association channel shape.
represented as a Table in which each object has an separate class defined by a Coded Value Domain NextDownID is the HydroID of the next downstream
Subtype 1..* From one to any positive integer. Time Series store time varying data about the water
ObjectID and Attributes. type attribute. feature in this class
properties of any feature
Arc Hydro Implementation
Workspace
Geodatabase
Feature Dataset
Feature Class

Geometric
Network

Relationship
Object Class
 CRWR GIS in Water Resources Consortium
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

Network
SimpleJunctionFeature ComplexEdgeFeature

HydroJunction HydroEdge
HydroID HydroID
HydroCode HydroCode
NextDownID ReachCode
LengthDown Name
DrainArea LengthKm
FType LengthDown
Enabled Object
FlowDir
AncillaryRole FType
EdgeType
Enabled
HydroFeature HydroEvent
HydroID ReachCode
HydroCode EdgeType

Flowline

Shoreline
SchematicNode SchematicLink HydroPointEvent HydroLineEvent

FeatureID FromNode Measure FMeasure

ToNode TMeasure
Offset
Example - Holland
 CRWR GIS in Water Resources Consortium
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

Hydrography
Feature HydroFeature
HydroID
HydroCode

HydroResponseUnit Hydrography

AreaSqKm FType
Name

HydroPoint HydroLine HydroArea

JunctionID

Dam Structure WaterWithdrawal UserPoint Waterbody

AreaSqKm
JunctionID

Bridge MonitoringPoint WaterDischarge

River networks
for 8-digit HUC
watersheds
 CRWR GIS in Water Resources Consortium
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

Hydrography
Feature HydroFeature
HydroID
HydroCode

HydroResponseUnit Hydrography

AreaSqKm FType
Name

HydroPoint HydroLine HydroArea

JunctionID

Dam Structure WaterWithdrawal UserPoint Waterbody

AreaSqKm
JunctionID

Bridge MonitoringPoint WaterDischarge

CRWR GIS in Water Resources Consortium
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

Drainage
HydroFeature
HydroID
HydroCode

DrainageFeature
DrainID

DrainagePoint DrainageArea DrainageLine

AreaSqKm
JunctionID JunctionID
NextDownID

Catchment Watershed Basin

 Watersheds of the US

2-digit water resource regions 8-digit HUC watersheds

Watershed Hierarchy
Digit #
2
4
6
8 HUC
10
12
EDNA

Available In Progress
 Watershed Boundary Dataset

• National Program by 10-digit watersheds

USGS and USDA
(NRCS)
• Boundaries for 10- and
12- digit watersheds
• First cut is by automated
delineation from NED
• Hand checked and edited
 Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA

• National program by
USGS and NWS
• 5000 cell threshold on a
30m DEM (~ 8 km2
average drainage area)
• ~ 1 million catchments for
US when completed
• Includes grid derived
products e.g. topmodel
index
Area to Area Connectivity:
SchematicLinks built using
NextDownID
 CRWR GIS in Water Resources Consortium
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
HydroFeature
HydroID
HydroCode Channel
ChannelFeature
ReachCode
RiverCode

ProfileLine 1
CrossSection
FType
CSCode
ProfOrigin
JunctionID
CSOrigin
ProfileM

Object

CrossSectionPoint
1..* CSCode
CrossM
Elevation
 Drainage Network
DrainageLine #
* #
* HydroJunction
#
*
& DrainagePoint HydroEdge
& #
* #
*
#
* SchematicLink
Watershed #
* #
* #
*
#
*# #
* #
* #
*
&&&
&& #
*#
* # #
*
*#
*
& * #
*#
**# #
* SchematicNode
&
& && & & #*#
*# *#* # *#*# #
*
# *
& * # *
& #* #
*# * #*#
*#* *## #
*
#
*# *
& *

& *#
#*
&& * *#
# *
* #
# #
*

Pecan Bayou: Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics Study

by David Anderson (CRWR)
Hydrography Channel
HydroLine <all other values>
Þ
à MonitoringPoint FType
& Structure LeftBank
& &&&
&&
RightBank
& Waterbody
& &&
& Thalweg
&
CrossSection

à&
Þ
 Pecan Bayou: Data Development Process
Hydrology
HEC-RAS
& Hydraulics

CRWR- HEC-
Terrain
PrePro HMS
Model

HEC-
GeoRAS
Floodplain
Terrain Model
David Anderson, 2000
 3-D Polyline Z
Measure (m) and Elevation (z)
Values on Cross Sections
 Channel Geometry using Arc Scene
Extract ProfileLines
Begin with Contours
and CrossSections

Build a Triangulated
Irregular Network Demo
(TIN)
 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
• Design principles for the data model
• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
 Time Series Objectives
• Store Metadata about each collection of
time series values
– What is measured
– What units are used
• Display and store Time Series Views
– Rainfall for Gage 1001010
– All data between years 2000 and 2001
Time Series Classes
 TimeSeries Attributes
• FeatureID – ID of spatial feature
• TSTypeID – Identifies TS properties
• TSDateTime - Timestamp
• TSValue - Value
• TSDesc – Property of particular record
 TimeSeries Example
FeatureID TSTypeID TSDateTime TSValue TSDesc
3000001 1 4/3/1976 13:00 697.3
3000001 1 4/3/1976 19:00 697.3
3000001 1 4/3/1976 23:48 697.4
3000001 1 4/4/1976 4:07 697.6
1000001 2 4/3/1976 13:00 32.3
1000001 2 4/3/1976 19:00 35.7
2000001 4 9/1/2001 0.5
2000001 4 9/2/2001 1
2000001 4 9/3/2001 1.1
2000001 4 9/4/2001 1.3
1000002 2 4/3/1976 13:00 108.9
1000002 2 4/3/1976 19:00 108.9
1000002 2 4/4/1976 1:00 115.7 IT
1000002 2 4/4/1976 7:00 125.2
 TSTypeInfo Attributes
• TSTypeID – Identifies a set of TS properties
• Variable – What is being measured or recorded
• Units – The units that the data values are in
• IsRegular – Values spaced at regular or irregular
time intervals
• TSInterval – Time interval between values (if
regular)
• DataType – The type of time series data
• Origin – Values recorded or generated
 More on DateType
• Inst-Value
• Inst-Cumulative
• Step-Cumulative
• Step-Average
• Step-Maximum
• Step-Minimum
 TSTypeInfo Example
TSTypeID Variable Units IsRegular TSInterval DataType Origin
1 Stage ft - MSL FALSE Inst-Value Recorded
2 Streamflow cfs TRUE 6Hour Inst-Value Recorded
4 Rainfall in TRUE 6Hour Inst-Cumulative Recorded

FeatureID TSTypeID TSDateTime TSValue Descriptor

3000001 1 4/3/1976 13:00 697.3
3000001 1 4/3/1976 19:00 697.3
3000001 1 4/3/1976 23:48 697.4
3000001 1 4/4/1976 4:07 697.6
1000001 2 4/3/1976 13:00 32.3
1000001 2 4/3/1976 19:00 35.7
2000001 4 9/1/2001 0.5
2000001 4 9/2/2001 1
2000001 4 9/3/2001 1.1
2000001 4 9/4/2001 1.3
1000002 2 4/3/1976 13:00 108.9
1000002 2 4/3/1976 19:00 108.9
1000002 2 4/4/1976 1:00 115.7 IT
1000002 2 4/4/1976 7:00 125.2
 Time Series Views
• Use Query Builder in ArcGIS
– Save
– Load
• Provides Selective Views of Entire TS Table
• Requires no extra functionality
 Connecting to Time Series

Flow

DrainagePoint Junction
HydroID FeatureID
Time

TimeSeries
HydroPoint CrossSection
FeatureID of time series
is HydroID of feature the
time series describes
National Water Information System (NWIS)
http://water.usgs.gov

Web access to USGS water resources data in real time

 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
• Design principles for the data model
• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
 Arc Hydro Tools
• Code development being done jointly by
ESRI and CRWR
• Uses a standardized application framework
for VB tools in ArcGIS
• Fills in standard attributes in Arc Hydro
data model
• Will be published on GISWR web page and
freely available
 Application Framework
• Tool for developers
• Eases routine ArcGIS programming tasks
• Provides standard look and feel to
applications
Anatomy of Code
Streamlining Routine Tasks

Vs.
 User-Interface Capabilities
• Handles Basic
Input/Output
• Reduces development
time by up to 50%
• Provides a standard
look and feel across
different applications
 Tool Updates
• “Repaired” NWIS tool (released)
• Improved accuracy of NextDownstream
Tool (development)
• Added “Shortest Path to Sink” algorithm to
LengthDownstream tool (development)
• Exercise on ArcHydroLite being presented
in class next week.
 Overview

• Introduction
• Conceptual Framework
• Subtyping of Time series
• Properties of Time series class
• Applications
Arc Hydro NWIS Application
• Custom Tool Retrieves NWIS Data
• Time Series Table Built Automatically
• Operates Within ArcMap GUI

Demo
 ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

Network Flow
Drainage
HydroFeatures
Time

Time Series

Hydrography Channel
 Open Architecture
for Water Modeling
Interface 1 Interface 2
ArcGIS Excel

Process
Temporal Data
Engines
Geospatial data

Interface 4 Interface 3
Custom Designed Hydrologic Model
ArcGIS Interface to Model
LibHydro:
An HEC-1
subroutine
library
converted
to a .dll

Interface
written using
VBA for
ArcGIS
Excel Interface to Model

Interface
constructed
using VBA for
Excel
Hydrologic Model

Hydrologic model
constructed using
with a Visual Basic
interface calls
ArcObjects to
access Arc Hydro
data
Custom Interface e.g. Basins
 Custom Interface
(for several hydrologic models)
 TIWSS
Texas Integrated Water Simulation System

WRAP SWAT
Water Availability Water Quality

Arc Hydro

Geospatial and Temporal Data

HEC Models Modflow

Flooding & Water Management Groundwater