Industrial, Air, Water Pollution

Reporters:

Nicole Bernadette F. Occeño

Vaughnette Erika B. Salimbagat
Keziah Rose B. Salvador
OUTLINE

 I. Introduction
 Statement of the problems
 Discussion of Different Kinds of Pollution
 Industrial Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Air Pollution
Conclusion
Recommendation
Statement of the Problems

 Different kinds of pollution in the Philippines

 Disposal System in the Philippines
 Implementation of laws
 Mechanism on addressing the issues
EARTH
Pollution
What is Pollution?
 Pollutionwas defined as the process of
making land, water, air and other parts of
the environment not safe or suitable to use.
How bad is the pollution in the Philippines?
 As stated by a non-profit environmental
organization such as Pure Earth,

Toxic Pollution affects more than 200 million

people worldwide. In some of the world’s
worst polluted places, babies are born with
birth defects, children have lost 30 to 40 IQ
points, and life expectancy was reduced to 45
years due to cancers and other diseases.
 Moreover, based on the study made by the World
Health Organization (WHO) Philippines ranked as
the 3rd highest number of deaths due to air
pollution alone.

 It was revealed that in May 2018 there are about

45.3 deaths per 100,000 individual due to outdoor
air pollution.

 China ranked first at 81.5 deaths recorded while

Mongolia was second at 48.8 deaths.
 Other than that, Green Peace has also ranked the
Philippines as the “third-worst polluter into the
world’s oceans” after China and Indonesia.

 Green Peace said plastic waste was a particularly

serious problem in “sachet economies” like the
Philippines and other developing countries. It also
provides that Philippines is contributed 1.88 million
tonnes of mismanaged plastic waste each year.
 KINDS OF POLLUTION

 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
 WATER POLLUTION
 AIR POLLUTION
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
vis-à-vis Industrial Waste
 Industrial Pollution – is the contamination of the environment by plants
and factories which dump their waste products into land, air and water..

 Industrial pollution is generally referred to the undesirable outcome

when factories (or other industrial plants) emits harmful by-products and
waste into the environment such as emissions to air or water bodies
(water pollution), deposition on landfills etc (land pollution) or emission
of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere (air pollution). The video below
will provide an insight to the various forms of industrial pollution.

 Since the Industrial Revolution, natural habitats have been destroyed,

and environments have been polluted, causing diseases in both humans
and many other species of animals
What is Industrial Waste?
 According to Safe Drinking Water Foundation:

“Industrial waste is defined as waste generated by manufacturing or industrial

processes.”

 There are also two types of industrial wastes:

 Industrial Waste Generated

- cafeteria garbage, dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metals, trash, oil, solvents,
chemicals, weed grass and trees, wood and scrap lumber and similar wastes.

 Industrial Solid Waste

- can be in a form of solid, liquid or gases held in containers.
- This type of solid waste can also be classified into two:

1. Hazardous , and
2. Non-Hazardous waste.
 EXAMPLE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED BY INDUSTRIES AND BUSINESSES

Chemical Manufacturers Acids and Bases

Spent Solvers
Reactive Waste
Wastewater Containing
Organic Constituents

Printing Industry Heavy Metal Solutions

Waste Inks
Solvents
Ink Sludges Containing
Heavy Metals

Petroleum Refining Industry Wastewater Containing

Benzene & Other
Hydrocarbons
Sludges from Refining Process

Leather Products Manufacturing Toulene and Benzene

Paper Industry Paint Waste Containing
Heavy metals
Ignitable Solvents

Construction Industry Ignitable Paint Waste

Spent solvents
Strong Acid and Bases

Metal Manufacturing Sludges containing

Heavy Metals
Cyanide Waste
Paint Waste

Source: Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA’s RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1996),8
Causes of Industrial Pollution
 Causes of Industrial Pollution

 1. Lack of Policies to Control Pollution: Lack of effective policies and poor enforcement drive allowed many industries
to bypass laws made by pollution control board which resulted in mass scale pollution that affected lives of many
people.

 2. Unplanned Industrial Growth: In most industrial townships, unplanned growth took place wherein those
companies flouted rules and norms and polluted the environment with both air and water pollution.

 3. Use of Outdated Technologies: Most industries still rely on old technologies to produce products that generate
large amount of waste. To avoid high cost and expenditure, many companies still make use of traditional technologies
to produce high end products.

 4. Presence of Large Number of Small Scale Industries: Many small scale industries and factories that don’t have
enough capital and rely on government grants to run their day-to-day businesses often escape environment
regulations and release large amount of toxic gases in the atmosphere.
 5. Inefficient Waste Disposal: Water pollution and soil pollution are often caused directly due to inefficiency in disposal of waste. Long
term exposure to polluted air and water causes chronic health problems, making the issue of industrial pollution into a
severe one. It also lowers the air quality in surrounding areas which causes many respiratory disorders.
 6. Leaching of Resources From Our Natural World: Industries do require large amount of raw material to make them
into finished products. This requires extraction of minerals from beneath the earth. The extracted minerals can cause
soil pollution when spilled on the earth. Leaks from vessels can cause oil spills that may prove harmful for marine life.
Effects of the Land Pollution:
 1. Water Pollution: The effects of industrial pollution are far reaching and liable to affect the
eco-system for many years to come. Most industries require large amounts of water for their
work. When involved in a series of processes, the water comes into contact with heavy metals,
harmful chemicals, radioactive waste and even organic sludge.

These are either dumped into open oceans or rivers. As a result, many of our water sources
have high amount of industrial waste in them which seriously impacts the health of our eco-
system. The same water is then used by farmers for irrigation purpose which affects the quality
of food that is produced. Water Pollution has already rendered many ground water resources
useless for humans and wildlife. It can at best be recycled for further usage in industries.

 2. Soil Pollution: Soil Pollution is creating problems in agriculture and destroying local
vegetation. It also causes chronic health issues to the people that come in contact with such
soil on a daily basis.

 3. Air Pollution: Air Pollution has led to a steep increase in various illnesses and it continues to
affect us on a daily basis. With so many small, mid and large scale industries coming up, air
pollution has taken toll on the health of the people and the environment.
 4. Wildlife Extinction: By and large, the issue of industrial pollution shows us that
it causes natural rhythms and patterns to fail, meaning that the wildlife is getting
affected in a severe manner. Habitats are being lost, species are becoming extinct
and it is harder for the environment to recover from each natural disaster. Major
industrial accidents like oil spills, fires, leak of radioactive material and damage to
property are harder to clean-up as they have a higher impact in a shorter span of
time.
 5. Global Warming: With the rise in industrial pollution, global warming has been
increasing at a steady pace. Smoke and greenhouse gases are being released by
industries into the air which causes increase in global warming. Melting of
glaciers, extinction of polar beers, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes are few of
the effects of global warming.
 The issue of industrial pollution concerns every nation on the planet. As a result,
many steps have been taken to seek permanent solutions to the problem. Better
technology is being developed for disposal of waste and recycling as much
polluted water in the industries as possible. Organic methods are being used to
clean the water and soil, such as using microbes that naturally uses heavy metals
and waste as feed. Policies are being pushed into place to prevent further misuse
of land. However, industrial pollution is still rampant and will take many years to
Environmental Situationer:

CANADA GARBAGE SHIPPED TO THE PHILIPPINES

 CANADA GARBAGE SHIPPED TO THE PHILIPPINES
 June to August 2013
It first started with a total of 50 container vans in six batches at the
Manila International Container. The vans declared to contain recyclable
plastic scrap materials, are shipped by Chronic Plastic Incorporated (CPI),
an export company based in Ontario, Canada. The declared value of the
said container vans amount to P 3.9 million.

 December 2013 to January 2014

Second is the 48 container vans containing household trash
 January 21, 2014 until December 2014

- 18 out of the 100 container vans were opened by the Bureau of Customs(BOC)
containing plastic bottles, plastic bags, newspapers, household garbage, and used adult
diapers.
- the discovered waste are classified as hazardous as per Toxic Substances and Hazardous
Nuclear Waste and Control Act of 1990 or Republic Act 6969.
- BOC filed a smuggling complaint, RA 6969, and Tariff and Customs Code of the
Philippines.
- Their had been diplomatic talks with the Canadian government, however, same did not
produce and favourable results.

 2015
 Environmental Groups call on the government to take action but it is still left unresolved.
 The contents of the least 26 containers vans are dumped at a landfill in Capas, Tarlac.
 BOC and DENR filed a diplomatic protest against Canada to prevent a repeat of the
unfortunate incident and enjoin the Canadian government to revisit their domestic
regulations on the export or illegal traffic of wastes.
 2016- 2017

-Manila RTC Branch 1 Judge Tita Bughao Alisuag orders on June 2016 issued an orders on the
shipping back of the wastes to Canada at the expense of the importers

- Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, says that it can be possible for Canada to bring back 103 container
vans of trash illegally shipped to the Philippines. However, he does not make any full commitment
to move the garbage out of the country yet. He emphasized that the trash came from private
business and by all means, Philippines and Canada should iron out the details, including who will
ship back the trash to the country of origin.

Then Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III himself also proposed a legislative inquiry “whether
there are sufficient laws restricting the indiscriminate entry and dumping of solid waste and other
harmful trash into the Philippines”, citing the “monumental consequences of allowing Canadian
garbage to remain in the country”.

 2018

Up to now, there is still no action taken by the Canadian government on this said issue. Despite the
calls made by our government and local environmental organizations such as EcoWaste Coalition.
Legal Analysis: RA 6969

 In order to completely understand the policy of the State against substances and waste that are
harmful to our health and environment, Republic Act No. 6969 or otherwise known as the “Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990”.

 The said Act offers the following objectives:

- the purpose of this Act is to keep an inventory of chemicals that are imported, manufactured or
used, monitor and regulate the importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage,
transportation, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances, to inform and educate
the populace regarding the hazards and risk attendant to the manufacture, handling, storage,
transportation, processing, distribution, use and disposal of toxic chemicals and other substances
and mixtures; and to prevent the entry, even in transit, as well as the keeping or storage and
disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country.
 Section 5 of the Act defines what are “hazardous substances” and “hazardous wastes”

Hazardous substances are substances which present either:

1. Short term acute hazards, such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption,
corrosivity or other skin or eye contact or the risk of fire or explosion, or

2.) long term environmental hazards, including chronic toxicity upon repeated exposure,
carcinogenity (which may in some cases result from acute exposure but with long latent period),
resistance to detoxification process such as biodegration, the potential to pollute underground or
surface waters, or aesthetically objectionable properties such as offensive odors.

Hazardous waste are substances that are without any safe commercial, industrial, agricultural or
economic usage and are shipped, transported or brought from the country of origin for disposal into
or in transit through any part of the territory of the Philippines.

Hazardous wastes shall also refer to by-products, side-products, process residues, spend reaction
media, contaminated plant or equipment or other substances from manufacturing operations, and as
consumer discards of manufacture products.
 Implementing Agency: Department of Environment and Natural Resources

 Inter-Agency Technical Advisory Council

- Secretary of Health
-Director of the Philippines Nuclear Research Institute
- Secretary of Trade and Industry
- Secretary of Science and Technology
- Secretary of National Defense
- Secretary of Foreign Affairs
- Secretary of Labor and Employment
-Secretary of Finance
-Secretary of Agriculture
- Representative from non-governmental organization on health and safety

The purpose of the Council is to help the Secretary of DENR to implement this law and ensure that its
objectives are being met from time to time.
 Section 13. Prohibited Acts. – The following acts and omissions shall be
considered unlawful:
a) Knowingly use a chemical substance or mixture which is imported,
manufactured, processed or distributed in violation of this Act or implementing
rules and regulations or orders;
b) Failure or refusal to submit reports, notices or other information, access to
records, as required by this Act, or permit inspection of establishment where
chemicals are manufactured, processed, stored or otherwise held;
c) Failure or refusal to comply with the pre-manufacture and pre-importation
requirements; and
d) Cause, aid or facilitate, directly or indirectly, in the storage, importation,
or bringing into Philippines territory, including its maritime economic
zones, even in transit, either by means of land, air or sea transportation or
otherwise keeping in storage any amount of hazardous and nuclear wastes
in any part of the Philippines.
Section 14. Criminal Offenses and Penalties. –
a) (i) The penalty of imprisonment of six (6) months and one day to six (6) years and one day and a
fine ranging from Six hundred pesos (P600.00) to Four thousand pesos (P4,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person who shall violate section 13 (a) to (c) of this Act and shall not be covered by the
Probation Law.f the offender is a foreigner, he or she shall be deported and barred from any
subsequent entry into the Philippines after serving his or her sentence;
ii) In case any violation of this Act is committed by a partnership, corporation, association or any
juridical person, the partner, president, director or manager who shall consent to or shall knowingly
tolerate such violation shall be directly liable and responsible for the act of the employee and shall be
criminally liable as a co-principal;
(iii) In case the offender is a government official or employee, he or she shall, in addition to the above
penalties, be deemed automatically dismissed from office and permanently disqualified from holding
any elective or appointive position.
b) (i) The penalty of imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one day to twenty (20) years, shall be
imposed upon any person who shall violate section 13 (d) of this Act.f the offender is a foreigner, he or
she shall be deported and barred from any subsequent entry into the Philippines after serving his or
her sentence;
(ii) In the case of corporations or other associations, the above penalty shall be imposed upon the
managing partner, president or chief executive in addition to an exemplary damage of at least Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00).f it is a foreign firm, the director and all officers of such
foreign firm shall be barred from entry into the Philippines, in addition to the cancellation of its
license to do business in the Philippines;
(ii) In case the offender is a government official or employee, he or she in addition to the above
penalties be deemed automatically dismissed from office and permanently disqualified from
holding any elective or appointive position.

c) Every penalty imposed for the unlawful importation, entry, transport, manufacture, processing,
sale or distribution of chemical substances or mixtures into or within the Philippines shall carry
with it the confiscation and forfeiture in favor of the Government of the proceeds of the unlawful
act and instruments, tools or other improvements including vehicles, sea vessels, and aircrafts
used in or with which the offense was committed. Chemical substances so confiscated and
forfeited by the Government at its option shall be turned over to the Department of Environment
and Natural resources for safekeeping and proper disposal.

d) The person or firm responsible or connected with the bringing or importation into the country
of hazardous or nuclear wastes shall be under obligation to transport or send back said prohibited
wastes;
Any and all means of transportation, including all facilities and appurtenances that may have
been used in transporting to or in the storage in the Philippines of any significant amount of
hazardous or nuclear wastes shall at the option of the government be forfeited in its favor.
WATER POLLUTION
 Water pollution occurs when harmful
substances—often chemicals or
microorganisms—contaminate a stream,
river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of
water, degrading water quality and rendering
it toxic to humans or the environment.
Classificatio Beneficial use Number of
n waterbodies
INLAND SURFACE WATERS

Class AA Public Water Supply Class I. 5

Surface waters are intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are
uninhabited and otherwise protected and which require only approved disinfection
to meet the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW)
Class A Public Water Supply Class II. 234
This classification is for sources of water supply that will require complete
treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) to meet the
PNSDW
Class B Recreational Water Class I. 197
This classification is for primary contact recreation such as bathing, swimming,
skin diving, etc. (particularly those designated for tourism purposes)
Class C This classification is for 333
1) Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources
2) Recreational Water Class II (Boatings, etc.)
3) Industrial Water Supply Class I (For manufacturing processes after treatment)

Class D This classification is for 27

1) agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering, etc.
2) Industrial Water Class II (e.g. cooling, etc.)
3) Other inland waters, by their quality, belong to this
Classification
COASTAL AND MARINE WATERS

Class SA 1) This classification is for waters suitable for the 5

propagation, survival, and harvesting of shellfish for
commercial purposes
2) national marine parks and marine reserves established
Source: DENR DAO 1990-34 and DAO 1997-23
Water Quality Parameters
Water body Water quality parameter
Inland surface  Dissolved oxygen (DO)
waters  Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
 Total suspended solids (TSS)
 Phosphates
 Nitrates
 Heavy metals
 Cyanide as free cyanide

Groundwater  Fecal coliform

 Nitrates
 Salinity (chloride content)

Coastal and marine

 Fecal coliform
waters
 DO

Source: DENR DAO 1990-34 and DAO 1997-23

Cause of Water Pollution in the
Philippines
 Two general types of pollution sources:
1. Point source
-are those which emit harmful substances directly into a
particular water body such as domestic wastewater
discharges (also called ‘municipal’), agricultural
wastewater, and industrial wastewater.
2. Non-point source
-those which have no identifiable source but are
scattered with pollutants delivered indirectly.
 Sources of Water Pollution

Non-point sources;
11.00% Agricultural Wastewater; 29.00%

Industrial Wastewater; 27.00%

Domestic Wastewater; 33.00%

…additional

 The process of how this wastewater comes

into contact with different kinds of water
bodies is due to improper disposal methods,
lack of wastewater treatment facilities and
inadequate sewer system.
Estero de Quiapo
Water treatment facilities
Effects of Water Pollution
 Water bodies with high levels of Mercury,
Cadmium, and Lead are extremely harmful to
nearby communities. These toxic metals can
easily enter the body either through
ingestion or skin contact, where prolonged
exposure may result to nausea/vomiting,
diarrhea, kidney and liver failure, cognitive
and neuromuscular dysfunction and even
death. (World Health Organization)
 The presence of excess phosphates can cause
enormous algal bloom, produce (neurotoxins)
affecting the nervous system and
(hepatotoxins) and affecting the liver
 Some known examples of diseases that may
be spread through wastewater discharge are
gastro-enteritis, typhoid, cholera, dysentery,
hepatitis, and, recently, Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
 The flora and fauna which lives in these
waters is simply unequipped to deal with such
contamination, and will either disrupt its
breeding and feeding patterns by relocating
habitats, or, more seriously (and more
commonly), simply be killed off by the undue
levels of pollution.
THE SITUATION IN BORACAY ISLAND

 total land area of

10.32 square
kilometers
 Barangay of
Manoc-Manoc,
Bolabog, and
Yapak
 Population of
28,369 Source:wikipedia
Source: GMA NEWS TV
Total and Fecal coliform concentration of the Drainage
Outfall from CY 2010 – CY 2014

50000

40000

30000
MPN/100mL

20000

10000

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total Coliform Fecal Coliform

Source: Water Quality Monitoring Report Boracay Island Coastal Water Cy 2014
 Total coliform concentration of the Drainage
Outfall located in Brgy. Bolabog failed to
comply with the water quality standard of
500 MPN/100mL for Class SC water with a
value of 47,460 MPN/100mL which is higher
compared to previous years.
 Click icon to add picture

Domestic Wastes coming from residential and commercial establishments

go directly to drainage canal and empty in the coastal water
Click icon to add picture
Click icon to add picture
 There is also the issue of negligence on the
part of the officials of the Local Government
Unit for not overseeing the proper
implementation of waste management in the
municipality causing some residents and
establishments to carelessly throw their
litters in open canals.
Legal Analysis: RA9275 “Philippine
Clean Water Act of 2004”

 The Act shall apply to quality management in

all water bodies, primarily apply to the
abatement and control of pollution from land
based sources and the water quality
standards and regulations and the civil
liability and penal provisions under the Act
shall be enforced irrespective of sources of
pollution.
 RA9275 provides the creation of a water
quality management system.

 Which will implement a Water Quality

Management Area Action Plan.
The Action plan is composed of:
 The Action plan is composed of
 National Sewerage and Seeptage
Management Program
 Domestic sewage collection, treatment and
disposal
 Appropriation of funds for; the national and
area quality management, environmental
rehabilitation, clean-up operations
 Rewards and incentives
Lead Agency: Department of Natural and
Environmental Resources
a. Prepare National Water Quality Status Report,
Integrated Water Quality Management Framework, and
Water Quality Management Area Action Plan;
b. enforce water quality guidelines;
c. review and set effluent standards;
d. classify all water bodies according to their beneficial use;
e. establish a cooperative effort in partnership with
government agencies, LGUs, academic institution, civil
society and private sector to attain objective of this Act;
f. Issue rules and regulations for the effective
implementation of the provisions of the Act
Other agency involved:

 LGU, through its Environment and Natural

Resources Office
 Environmental Management Bureau
 Philippine Coastal Guard
 Department of Agriculture
 Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
 Department of Science and Technology
 DepEd, CHED, DILG and PIA
Prohibited Acts

 Discharging, depositing or causing to be deposited material of any kind

directly or indirectly into the water bodies or along the margins of any
surface water, where, the same shall be liable to be washed into such
surface water, either by tide action or by storm, floods or otherwise, which
could cause water pollution or impede natural flow in the water body;
 Discharging, injecting or allowing to seep into the soil or sub-soil any
substance in any form that would pollute groundwater.
 Operating facilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without the
valid required permits
 Disposal of potentially infectious medical waste into sea water
 Unauthorized transport or dumping into sea waters of sewage sludge or
solid waste
 Transport, dumping or discharge of prohibited chemicals, substances or
pollutants
Penalties

 Any person who commits any of the prohibited

acts shall be fine in the amount of not less than
P10,000 – P200, 000 for every day of violation.
The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by
10% every 2 years to compensate for inflation
and to maintain the deterrent function of such
fines. This is done by the Secretary (of DENR)
with the recommendation of the Pollution of
Adjudication Board (PAB).
 Failure to undertake clean-up operations,
willfully, or through gross negligence, shall be
punished by imprisonment of not less than 2
years and not more than 4 years and a fine
not less than P50,000.00 and not more than
P100,000.00 per day for each day of violation
 Such failure or refusal which results in serious
injury or loss of life and/or irreversible water
contamination of surface, ground, coastal
and marine water shall be punished with
imprisonment of not less than 6 years and 1
day and not more than 12 years, and a fine of
P500,000 per day for each day during which
the omission and/or contamination
continues.
 In case of gross violation of this Act, the PAB shall issue a resolution
recommending that the proper government agencies file criminal
charges against the violators.
 Gross violation shall mean any of the following:
 (a) deliberate discharge of toxic pollutants identified pursuant to
Republic Act No. 6969 in toxic amounts;
 (b) five (5) or more violations within a period of two (2) years; or
 (c) blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as the non-payment
of fines, breaking of seals or operating despite the existence of an order
for closure, discontinuance or cessation of operation.
 In which case, offenders shall be punished with a fine of not less than
P500,000 but not more than P3,000,000 per day for each day of violation
or imprisonment of not less than 6 years but not more than 10 years, or
both, at the discretion of the court.
 For violations falling under Section 4 of PD 979
(dumping of oil, noxious gaseous and liquid
substances and other harmful substances out of
any ship or any other floating craft at sea by any
method upon the territorial and inland navigable
waters of the Philippines), shall be liable for a fine
of not less than P50,000.00 nor more than
P1,000,000.00 or by imprisonment of not less than
1 year nor more than 6 years or both, for each
offense.
AIR POLLUTION
Air Pollution

 As defined by Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as

“The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999,” Sec. 5(b) posits that,
air pollution is any alteration of the physical, chemical and
biological properties of the atmospheric air, or any
discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances
that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources
of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public
health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their
utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes.
The Philippine Clean Air Act

 Republic Act no. 8749, or the Clean Air Act, sees to it that
the State pursues a policy of balancing development and
environmental protection, from identification of sources
of pollution and its proper emission standards. This law
also recognizes certain rights of citizens.
SEC. 4. Recognition of Rights. - Pursuant to the above-declared
principles, the following rights of citizens are hereby sought to be
recognized and the State shall seek to guarantee their enjoyment

[a] The right to breathe clean air;

[b] The right to utilize and enjoy all natural resources
according to the principles of sustainable development;
[c] The right to participate in the formulation, planning,
implementation and monitoring of environmental
policies and programs and in the decision-making process;
[d] The right to participate in the decision-making process
concerning development policies, plans and programs
projects or activities that may have adverse impact on the
environment and public health;
 [e] The right to be informed of the nature and extent of the potential
hazard of any activity, undertaking or project and to be served timely
notice of any significant rise in the level of pollution and the accidental or
deliberate release into the atmosphere of harmful or hazardous
substances;
[f] The right of access to public records which a citizen may need to
exercise his or her rights effectively under this Act;
[g] The right to bring action in court or quasi-judicial bodies to enjoin all
activities in violation of environmental laws and regulations, to compel the
rehabilitation and cleanup of affected area, and to seek the imposition
of penal sanctions against violators of environmental laws; and
[h] The right to bring action in court for compensation of personal
damages resulting from the adverse environmental and public health
impact of a project or activity.
Government agencies that supports the Act

 Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC)

 Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
 Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
 Department of Energy (DOE)
 Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher
Education (CHED)
 Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the
Local Government Units (LGUs)
 Philippine Information Agency (PIA)
 Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAG-ASA)
 Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
Other Laws and Policies on Air Quality Management

 Under Section 16 of RA 8749, DENR is tasked with the authority to

issue permits necessary for the prevention and abatement of air
pollution. The aforementioned law also set emission standards on
pollution from stationary sources, to which certain pollutants
should only be limited to the standard set in this section. This is
done for the protection of the public’s health and welfare.

 Under Sec. 21 of the same law, the DOTC is also tasked with the
implementation of emission standards for motor vehicles set by
law. The DOTC, together with the DTI and the DENR, shall establish
the procedures for the inspection of motor vehicles and the testing
of their emissions for the purpose of determining the concentration
and/or rate of pollutants discharged by said sources.
 Under Sec. 24 of the same law, LGUs are tasked with further
implementation on the prohibition of smoking inside a public building
or an enclosed public place including public vehicles and other means
of transport or in any enclosed area outside of one's private residence,
private place of work or any duly designated smoking area.

 The Bantay Tambutso Project of DENR aims to check whether drivers

and owners of motor vehicles are exercising proper and regular engine
tune-up to prevent smoke belching and to check the compliance with
the standards set forth under the Clean Air Act.

 The Bantay Tsimnea program aims to device and monitor air pollution
from smokestacks or chimneys of factories and industrial plants’
smoke emissions which are detrimental to the public health.
Implementation on National to Local Application

DENR A.O. No. 2000-81 (IRR For R.A. 8749) and DENR A.O. No. 2000-13
(Establishment of Geothermal Areas as Airsheds

 Pursuant to the Clean Air Act, A.O. No. 2000-13 provided

guidelines on the designation and implementation of
airsheds for further effective management of the country's air
quality. An airshed refers to areas with common weather or
meteorological conditions and sources of pollution such as
industries or vehicles affecting the interchange or diffusion of
pollution in the atmosphere. Identified geothermal project
areas thus may disperse air pollutants from such geothermal
operations, and should be then well-monitored, as the memo
explicates.
Quezon City Ordinance SP-2350
(An ordinance providing for the environmental
protection and waste management code of
Quezon City)

 In Chapter V, Title 1 Air Pollution section of the said

ordinance, an anti-smoke belching drive is being
implemented in this city, setting emission standards on
vehicles with compression-ignition engines and spark-
ignition engines, motorcycles, tricycles and moped.
Violation of these standards will be punishable with
fines.

 In Chapter V, Title 4, there are also fines and penalties

for smoking in public places such as public buildings or
an enclosed public place.
Implementing Agency
Pollution Adjudication Board
 The Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB) is a quasi-judicial body
created under Section 19 of Executive Order (E.O.) 192 for the adjudication of
pollution cases. The Pollution Adjudication Board is created under the Office of
the Secretary. The Board shall be composed of the Secretary as the Chairman,
Two (2)Undersecretaries as may be designated by the Secretary, the Director
of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), the Three (3) others
to be designated by the Secretary as members. The Board shall assume the powers
and functions of the Commission/ Commissioners of
the National Pollution Control Commission(NPCC) with respect to
the adjudication of pollution cases under Republic Act 3931 and Presidential Decree
984.

The PAB is organizationally under the supervision of the Office of the Secretary
of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (the DENR) with
Secretariat support provided by the Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB). Power and function maybe delegated to the DENR Regional Officers in
accordance with rules and regulations of the Board
Powers and Functions
 Section 6. Powers and duties. (a) The commission is hereby authorized to:

1. Determine if pollution exists in any of the waters and/or atmospheric air of the Philippines. Findings of
the Commission regarding the existence of pollution shall be filed on record in the office of the
Commission.

2. Adopt, prescribe, and promulgate rules and regulations governing the procedures of the Commission
with respect to hearings; the methods and manner under which plans, specifications, designs, or other
data relative thereto shall be submitted for sewage works and industrial wastes disposal systems or for
addition or change to or extensions of such work; the filing of reports; the issuance of permits; and such
other reasonable rules and regulations as may be necessary from time to time in the proper
implementation and enforcement of this Act.

3. Hold public hearings, receive pertinent and relevant proofs from any party in interest who appear
before the Commission, make findings of facts and determinations, all with respect to the violations of
this Act or orders issued by the Commission.

4. Make, alter or modify orders requiring the discontinuance of pollution of the waters and/or atmospheric
air of the Philippines due to the discharge of sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes and specifying the
conditions and the time within which such discontinuance must be accomplished.

5. Institute or cause to be instituted in a court of competent jurisdiction legal proceedings to compel

compliance with the provisions of this Act.
6. Issue, renew, or deny permits, under such conditions as it may determine to be reasonable, for the prevention and
abatement of pollution, for the discharge of sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes, or for the installation or
operation of sewage works and industrial disposal systems, or parts thereof, except that no permits shall be required of
any new sewage, works or changes to or extensions of existing works that discharge only domestic or sanitary wastes
from a single residential building housing or occupied by twenty pesos or less: Provided, however, That applications for
the issuance or renewal of permits required under this Act shall be filed with and decided by the city engineer or district
engineer of the city or province from which the discharge of industrial or other wastes shall originate, in accordance
with rules, regulations and standards to be issued by the Commission. In case of doubt, the city or district engineer shall
consult with the Commission before issuing, renewing, or denying the permit applied for; and any decision of the city or
district engineer may be appealed by the applicant or by any resident of the place who may be affected by the
discharge of waste to the Commission, under such rules and regulations as the Commission shall issue for such appeals.

7. After due notice and hearing, revoke suspend or modify any permit issued under this Act, whenever modifications are
necessary to prevent or abate pollution of any water and/or atmospheric air of the Philippines.

8. Cause such investigation to be made as it may deem advisable and necessary for the discharge of its duties under this
Act.

9. Settle or compromise any dispute arising out of the implementation and enforcement of the second paragraph of
Section ten of this Act as it may seem advantageous to the public interest.

10. Perform such other duties as may be necessary to carry out effectively the duties and responsibilities prescribed in
this Act.
(b) The Commission shall have the following duties and responsibilities:

1. To encourage voluntary cooperation by the people, municipalities, industries,

associations, agriculture and representatives of other pursuits in the proper utilization and
conservation of the waters and/or atmospheric air of the Philippines.
2. To encourage the formation and organization of cooperative groups or associations in
municipalities, industries, enterprises and other users of the waters who severally and
jointly are or may be the source of pollution of the same waters, the purpose of which shall
be to provide a medium to discuss and formulate plans for the prevention and abatement of
pollution.
3. To serve as arbitrator for the determination of reparations involved in the damages and
losses resulting from the pollution of the waters and/or air in the Philippines.
4. To devise, consult, participate, cooperate and enter into agreements with other agencies
of the government, and with affected political groups, political subdivisions, and enterprises
in the furtherance of the purpose of this Act. This particularly refers to such cooperative
agreements with the various provincial and municipal governments in securing their
assistance in carrying out the provisions of this Act.
5. To prepare and develop a comprehensive plan for the abatement of existing pollution and
prevention of new and/or imminent pollution of the waters and/or atmospheric air of the
Philippines.
6. To issue standards, rules and regulations to govern city and district engineers in
the approval of plans and specifications for sewage works and industrial wastes
disposal systems and in the issuance of permits in accordance with the provisions
of this Act, and to inspect the construction and maintenance of sewage works and
industrial wastes disposal system for compliance of the approved plans.

7. To collect and disseminate information relating to water and atmosphere

pollution and the prevention, abatement and control thereof.

8. To authorize its representatives to enter at all reasonable times in or upon any

property of the public dominion and private property devoted to industrial,
manufacturing, processing or commercial use without doing damages, for the
purpose of inspecting and investigating conditions relating to pollution or the
possible or imminent pollution of any waters or atmospheric air of the Philippines.
Conclusion
In summary, our report acknowledged that there are various
pollutants that cause severe water and air pollution in our country.
One of these is the industrial waste or hazardous substances that
were discussed in RA 6969.

Adapting to technological change, whether evolutionary or

occasionally evolutionary is an integral part of a successful industry.
However, it should not sacrifice our right to a healthful and balanced
ecology as provided by our Constitution. As we have discussed,
there several laws which objectives are to protect and safeguard our
environment from environmental problems, particularly pollution.

We only have one earth and as its steward we should do our part to
protect it. There is no such as Planet B. We only have one and let’s
take care of it.
Recommendations

 A more efficient monitoring system on mobile sources

of air pollutants.
 Provide funds for further research on air quality
management system.
 The Government should provide proper waste disposal
system.
 The Government shall provide proper drainage system.
 Water treatment facilities.
 Strict implementation of the laws as discussed above.
SUMMIT ONE CONDOMINIUM CORPORATION
vs.
POLLUTION ADJUDICATION BOARD AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT BUREAU - NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
G.R. No. 215029

 A final note. The protection of the

environment, like the bodies of water which are
within the Metropolis, is the duty and
responsibility, not only of government agencies
tasked to oversee environmental preservation
and restoration, but, more importantly, of the
entire citizenry, including manufacturing plants
and industrial plants including domestic,
commercial and recreational facilities.