Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design
of Computer Networks
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Structured Backbone Design
of Computer Networks
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Atef J. Al-Najjar
Structured Networks
» Physically structured
– Topology is a hierarchical tree, with the
backbone at the root of the tree.
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Logically Structured Networks
Local Access Layer
» Provides most convenient network access to the
users.
Distribution Layer
» Provides policy-based network access to the
workgroup. This is where packet manipulation
takes place.
Backbone Layer
» Provides high-speed seamless transport of data
among the workgroups.
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Enterprise Network Example
Token Ring
Ethernet
Backbone Router
Backbone
Ethernet Hub
Ethernet
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Layer 3 Forwarding Requirement
Example:
» 50 x 100 Mbps x 0.2 = 1 Gbps
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Structured Backbones
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Backbone Basics
» Cost of administration:
– The inherent ease of moves, adds, and
changes, plus the capability to efficiently
diagnose, remedy, or prevent network outages.
Structured Backbone solutions offer
» Flexibility
» Scalability
» Troubleshooting & Manageability
» Performance
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Structured Cabling
Cabling plan should be easy to:
» implement, and
» accommodates future growth.
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Structured Cabling Standards
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Structured Cabling (Cont.)
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Structured Cabling (Cont.)
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Structured Cabling (Contd.)
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Structured Cabling (Cont.)
Based on the use of a hierarchical star-
wired cable layout.
Telecom.
Horizontal Closet
Cable
Work Backbone
Equipment
Area Room
External
Cable
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Atef J. Al-Najjar
Structured Cabling Terminology
Backbone
A facility between telecommunications
closets or floor distribution terminals, the
entrance facilities, and the equipment
rooms within or between buildings
Horizontal Cabling
The wiring/cabling between the telecom
outlet and the horizontal cross-connect
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Atef J. Al-Najjar
Terminology (Cont.)
Cross-Connect
A facility enabling the termination of cable
elements & their interconnection, and/or
cross-connection, primarily by means of a
patch cord or jumper
Equipment Room
A centralized space for telecom equip.t
that serves the occupants of the building
(Bldg/Campus distributor in ISO 11801)
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Atef J. Al-Najjar
Terminology (Cont.)
Telecommunications Closet:
An enclosed space for housing telecom
equip.t, cable terminations, and cross-
connect cabling; the location for cross-
connection between the backbone and
horizontal facilities
Work Area
A building space where the occupants
interact with the telecom terminal equip.t
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Atef J. Al-Najjar
Terminology (Cont.)
Main Cross-Connect
A cross-connect between 1st and 2nd
level backbone cables, entrance cables,
and equipment cables (no ISO name)
Intermediate Cross-Connect
A cross-connect between 1st and 2nd
level backbone cabling (no ISO name)
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Atef J. Al-Najjar
Terminology (Cont.)
Horizontal Cross-Connect:
A cross-connect of horizontal cabling to
other cabling, e.g. horizontal, backbone,
or equipment (no ISO name)
Telecommunications Outlet
A connecting device in the work area on
which horizontal cable terminates
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Media Recommended
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Cable Distances
UTP (Voice Transmission)
MC-HC HC-IC MC-IC TO-HC
A B C D
800m 500m 300m90m
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Cable Distances (Contd.)
62.5 microns Fiber
MC-HC HC-IC MC-IC TO -HC
A B C D
2000m 500m 1500m 90m
Single-Mode Fiber
A B C D
3000m 500m 2500m 90m
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Unstructured Backbone -- Mainframe
...
... .. Terminals
.
Cluttered
and noisy
cable risers
...
Mainframe
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Unstructured Backbone -- LAN
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Structured Backbone
MUX
MUX
MUX
Mainframe
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Structured Backbone(Contd.)
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Structured Backbone (Contd.)
Horizontal
access
Backbone
WAN
Interface
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When are Backbones needed?
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Backbone Topologies
Star
» Collapsed Backbone
» PBX system
» Switch-based networks
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Backbone Topologies (Contd.)
Ring.
» Ex: FDDI.
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Backbone Topologies (Contd.)
Hierarchical/Inverse Tree.
Higher power at higher levels.
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Backbone Topologies (Contd.)
Mesh.
Multiple data paths between peer stations.
Topology relies on the use of Routers.
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Backbone Benefits
+ Makes complex distributed computing
environment easier to manage.
+ Allows Organizations to easily upgrade
the system.
+ Creates an integrated communication
path capable of accommodating the
enterprise’s data transfer requirements
safely and cost effectively.
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Fiber Optics
Many of the Backbone advantages are
enabled by the implementation of fiber.
Advantages of fiber:
+ Ability to combine data, voice & video
signals over a single fiber pair.
+ Very large bandwidth: (allows large number
of users, is cost effective and space-
conservative).
+ Increased data security & reliability.
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Fiber in the Backbone
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Application / Bandwidth
High capacity Backbone is a must to
support increasing need for bandwidth.
Application Bandwidth
Digital audio 1.4 Mbps
Compressed video (JPEG) 2 - 10 Mbps
Document Reprographics 20 -100 Mbps
Compressed broadcast-quality TV 20 -100 Mbps
High-definition full motion video 1-2 Gbps
Chest X-Ray 4 - 40 Mbps
Remote query burst 1 Mbps
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Atef J. Al-Najjar
Get Connected
Use your mouse
Use your phone
Use your car
Select the best
speed (Can be a
Turtle!)
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