06

THERMAL & MOISTURE

PROTECTION

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WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
A mortar or concrete is considered impermeable when it
PREFORMED ROOFING does not permit passage or flow of water through its pores or
2.01 Types of Roofing voids.
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants The absorption of a mortar or concrete is the property of
drawing in or engrossing water into its pores or voids by
capillary action or otherwise.

If the pores or voids between particles are sufficiently large

and connected from surface to surface of the wall, the
concrete will be permeable to water.

If the pores or voids are very minute, but connect with one
another, theoretically they may act as capillary tubes, but the
capillary forces will tend to hold the water and prevent the
passage of water.
WATERPROOFING &
1.01 WATERPROOFING OF CONCRETE
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing The various methods of waterproofing concrete may be
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
classified as follows :
2.01 Types of Roofing
a. Impermeability through a Dense Concrete
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint Accurate grading and proportioning of the concrete
Sealants materials in order to secure a concrete so dense as to be
waterproof.

b. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes

Applying waterproof coatings or washes to the concrete
after it is in place.

c. Integral Waterproofing Compounds

Mixing foreign substances with the concrete.

d. Membrane Waterproofing
Surrounding the concrete with layers of waterproofing
materials.
WATERPROOFING & BUILDING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
1. Waterproofing – a method of making building surfaces impervious to
PREFORMED ROOFING
water.
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS 2. Damp-proofing – applying a water-impervious material or a vapor

3.01 Types of Joint barrier to a surface, usually slab-on-fill, to prevent the penetration of
Sealants
moisture, from the ground or the exterior or to prevent the penetration of
condensate to the surface material. Example is BARRAFILM vapor
barrier, one layer at six mils (0.006) thick, with 300 mm overlapping.

3. Water repelling or water sealing – applying, by brush or low-pressure

spray, a clear silicon water repellent or sealant to porous surface
material such as cement plaster and bricks to prevent weathering or
the growth of algae and moss. Example is THOMPSONS Water Seal.

4. Thermal insulation – method of installing thermal barriers in surfaces

of structures to keep the heat or cold away from the interior spaces.
WATERPROOFING &
Termite (anay) proofing
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
•Soil poisoning – treating the soil surrounding the structure in
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing touch with the ground (footing bed and slab on fill) with a chemical.
Example is LENTREK TC Termicide Concentrate; dilution rating: 1 part
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint LENTREK TC to 50 parts water.
Sealants

•Factory-applied wood preservative – factory pressure-

applied wood preservatives; such as boliden salts, WOLMAN
preservative or SOLIGNUM preservative of MATIMCO Wood (Manila
Timber Company).

•Site-applied wood preservative – application of a chemical

liquid on the wood surface (Solignum) to protect it against pest intrusion,
such as termites and powder post beetles (bukbok), and decay-causing
fungi, such as sap stain and rot.

Powder Post – A condition of wood which has decayed to powder, or has been eaten by
worms which leave holes full of powder.

Rot – Decomposition in wood by fungi and other microorganisms; reduces its strength,
density and hardness.
 BUILDING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing •Termite shields –
of Concrete
installing a shield of non-
corroding metal or inorganic
PREFORMED ROOFING material, used as protection
2.01 Types of Roofing against the infiltration of
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint termites in a building; so placed
Sealants as to prevent their passage.

6. Rat proofing – a method of protecting rooms against the intrusion of rats

and other small destructive animals from gnawing the wooden parts of the
house and habitating the under-ceilings and under-floors of houses and
buildings.

7. Fire proofing – application of cover materials to structural steel

components or systems to provide increased fire resistance. Also called
sprayed fireproofing. Example is FLAMESHIELD FIREPROOFING, Filipino
invented, non-asbestos fiber mix on non-organic binder; 1” thk for 2-hour fire
rating, 2” thk for 3 hour fire rating and 3”thk for 4-hour fire rating. Another
example is, MONOKOTE MK-6, a gypsum-based, cementitious spray applied
fireproofing product, from Grace Construction Products.
 BUILDING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete 8. Floor protection – a method of protecting finish floor surfaces from
PREFORMED ROOFING wear and tear or from chemical abrasions due to heavy use.
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint 9. Rust proofing – a method of protecting the steel and other ferrous
Sealants materials from corrosion.

10. Descalers, paint and chemical strippers – a method of

removing old paint by the use of a paint remover; and stains, rust, algae
or even cement build-up on forms or equipment, by the use of a
chemical stripper or descaler.

Paint remover – A liquid which is applied to a dry paint or varnish to

cause it to soften or lose adhesion so that it may be removed easily.
Stripper – A liquid designed to remove coatings by chemical and/or
solvent action.
Descaler – A liquid designed to remove scale that forms on the inside of
hot water heaters, boilers, etc.
 BUILDING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING WATERPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing
1. Application Locations:
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint • Top of roof decks
Sealants
• Top of concrete terraces, balconies, ledges and canopies
• Under-sheathing for wood shingle and tile roofing
• Interior surfaces of water tanks
• Exterior surfaces of concrete roof gutters
• Inside surfaces of plantboxes
• Kitchen floor
• Toilets
• Basement floor and walls
• Elevator pits
• Swimming pools and fish ponds
• Machine, mechanical and pump rooms
• Refrigeration and cold storage rooms
 2. Four Types of Waterproofing
WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
• Integral type – powder form waterproofing compound mixed with the
1.01 Waterproofing cement-aggregate mixture. For example one bag of integral
of Concrete waterproofing compound, such as SAHARA or SAKURA is added to 98
PREFORMED ROOFING kilos off Portland cement.
2.01 Types of Roofing
• Membrane type – a hot or cold membrane applied to the surface; for
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint example asphalt paper laid with hot asphalt or self sealing asphalt paper.
Sealants Examples from WR Grace Co. are BITUTHENE CP for toilet slabs and
BITUTHENE 3000 for roof decks; and ICE AND WATER SHIELD self-
sealing and self-adhering rubberized membrane for main entrance
canopies made of metal.

• Fluid type – a fluid applied elastomeric coating formulated to

waterproof and preserve the substrate of concrete, wood, and steel. The
wide temperature range, withstands extreme thermal movement, settling
and cracking; resists puncture and tearing; and can be applied by roller,
brush, spray or squeegee. Examples of exposed type liquid membrane
waterproofing from WR Grace are NEWFLEX and NEWFLEX R100 for
ledges.

• Cementitious type – powder form waterproofing compound mixed

with water and applied by brush to the surface to be waterproofed.
Examples from WR Grace are MORTASEAL and HYDRATITE for
concrete gutters, ledges
WATERPROOFING &
WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
WATERPROOFING &
WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

GROUND BEAM
WATER PROOFING
WATERPROOFING &
WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

BASE SLAB - PIPE PENETRATION WATER

PROOFING
WATERPROOFING &
WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

“THROUGH WALL” PENETRATION

WATER PROOFING
WATERPROOFING &
WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

UPSTAND DETAIL-SHEAR MEMBER

WATERPROOFING &
WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

TYPICAL DRAIN DETAIL

 WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

TYPICAL PIPE DETAIL THROUGH ROOF SLAB

(LIQUID MEMBRANE DETAIL)
 WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

TYPICAL PIPE DETAIL THROUGH ROOF SLAB (SHEET MEMBRANE

DETAIL)
 WATER PROOFING OF ROOF DECK
WATERPROOFING &
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants

EXPANSION JOINT COVER

DECK OR WALL JUNCTION
 3.9.3 THERMAL INSULATION
WATERPROOFING & 1. Application Locations of heat insulators:
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing • Top or bottom of roof decks
of Concrete • Below roofing sheets
PREFORMED ROOFING • Above suspended ceiling
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
2. Types of Thermal Insulators
Sealants • Loose Fill – fibrous type and granular type
• Blanket Insulation – is made from fibrous materials such as mineral wool, wood fiber,
cotton fiber or animal hair and made into batt[1] or boards. Example is PARSEC
Thermo Brite II for underneath metal roofing insulation.
• Block or Rigid Slab Insulation – stiff and inelastic such as foamed plastic, cellular
glass, foamed concrete, etc. Example is STYROFOAM ROOFMATE SL extruded
polysterene board as manufactured by DOW Chemicals, for inaccessible roof decks.
• Foamed-in Place Insulation – a polyurethane product made by combining a
polyisocyanate and a polyester resin. This type of insulation can be applied either by
pouring or by spraying. The basic ingredients for both are drawn from their containers,
measured and mixed by machine.
• Sprayed-on Insulation – materials used are polyurethane foam asbestos fiber mixed
with inorganic binders; vermiculite aggregate with a binder such as Portland cement
or gypsum and perlite aggregate using gypsum as a binder. Machines are used for
blowing these insulations into place and as a result, the shape and irregularity of the
surface being insulated is of little consequence. Example is MBA SPRAYED-ON
POLYURETHANE INSULATION; 25 mm thick x 1.5 pcf density for accessible roof
decks.
 PREFORMED ROOFING
WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing a. Sheet Metal Roofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing • Galvanized Iron Roofing – various corrugations
JOINT SEALANTS and rib sections.
3.01 Types of Joint • Aluminum Roofing – various corrugation and rib
Sealants
sections
b. Plastic Roofing
• Plastic – various corrugation and rib sections
• Polycarbonate – corrugated and flat sheets

c. Tile Roofing
• Clay
• Concrete
d. Shingles
• Wood
• Tar
 PREFORMED ROOFING
WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing a. Sheet Metal Roofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing • Galvanized Iron Roofing
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
 Corrugated galvanized iron sheets are
Sealants manufactured in lengths of 5 to 12 ft. in 1 ft.
increments, the 8 ft length being the most
commonly used.
 Width of sheets is 32”. Each sheet has 10
corrugations with a pitch of 3”.
 For roofing, Ga. 26 is generally specified, Ga. 24 is
preferred.
 Galvanized iron sheets are also sometimes used
as siding for industrial buildings. When used as
siding, courses shall be lapped at least 6”.
 PREFORMED ROOFING
WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING
DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing a. Sheet Metal Roofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing • Aluminum Roofing
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
 Corrugated aluminum is rigidized sheet fabricated
Sealants of special aluminum alloys specifically developed
for this purpose.
 Has a high insulating value and is about one-sixth
lighter than similar materials.
 Is silvery in color, strong and does not stain
adjoining materials.
 It reacts, however, with dissimilar materials, lead-
base paints green or damp wood, certain wood
preservatives, lime mortar, concrete, and other
masonry materials and must be insulated from
contact with these materials .
 Width of sheets are 32-5/8”, 32”, 31-1/2”, 31-1/8”,
and 30-5/8”; lengths are from 6 to 12 ft. in 1 ft.
increments. Number of corrugations for 32” sheets
and wider is 12; sheets of narrower width have 10
corrugations.
 2. PREFORMED ROOFING

WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing b. Plastic Roofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing • Corrugated or Ribbed Roofing
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
 Corrugated sheets are manufactured in in same
Sealants widths and lengths as Metal Sheet Roofing.
 Metal reinforced plastic roofing is available.
 Ideally used in sites of high salinity levels.

• Sheet Roofing
 Polycarbonate Sheets.
 Ideally used in greenhouses, patios, outdoor
sheds, and skylights.
 2. PREFORMED ROOFING

WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing c. Tile Roofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing • Clay Tiles
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants • Concrete Tiles
 PREFORMED ROOFING

WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing c. Tile Roofing
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing • Clay Tiles
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
 PREFORMED ROOFING

WATERPROOFING & 2.01 TYPES OF ROOFING

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing d. Shingles
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing • Wood Shingles
JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
• Tar/Asphalt Shingles
Sealants
 JOINT SEALANTS

WATERPROOFING & 3.01 TYPES OF JOINT SEALANTS

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing a. Bituminuous Cement
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing is a black substance available in solid, semi-solid, or
JOINT SEALANTS liquid states at normal temperatures.
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
composed of mixed indeterminate hydrocarbons,
appreciably soluble only in carbon disulfide or other
volatile liquid hydrocarbon.

used for sealing built-up roofing, and joints and cracks

of concrete pavements.
 JOINT SEALANTS

WATERPROOFING & 3.01 TYPES OF JOINT SEALANTS

DAMPPROOFING
1.01 Waterproofing b. Silicone Sealant
of Concrete
PREFORMED ROOFING
2.01 Types of Roofing

JOINT SEALANTS
3.01 Types of Joint
Sealants
ROOF INSULATION
SINGLE PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS

Single ply roofing may be applied in sheet

or liquid form. Sheet materials used for Metal cap w/ cont. cleat
single-ply roofing
Bonding adhesive
• EPDM Reinforced EPDM
Membrane flashing
• PVC Splicing cement
•CSPE
•NEOPRENE 3” min.
• POLYMER

Lap sealant

Mechanical fasteners
@ 12” O.C. must penetrate into deck
Parapet or curb ( 6” min.)
 ROOF INSULATION
SINGLE PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS
Metal fascia Hard rubber Lap sealant
EPDM flashing counter flashing
and lap splice
Water cut-off
applied with
mastic
Galvanized splicing
metal dam Bonding
adhesive 1” min.
EPDM
3” min. membrane
EPDM Flashing and
Treated Lap splice applied w/
wood nailer Splicing cement
Lap sealant Fastening strip
Galvanized
roofing nails
@ 12” O.C.
EPDM roofing membrane Sponge tubing

Exp. jt. filler

Nonbearing wall
ROOF INSULATION

MECHANICALLY FASTENED LOOSE LAID, BALLASTED

SYSTEM SYSTEM

Max. slope-18:12 Max. slope-2:12

Gravel stop must extend
above gravel surface

3” min. EPDM membrane 10 lbs. per S.F. min

In-seam sealant
Lap sealant
Splicing cement
Treated wood nailer
Fastening plates @ 12” O.C.
Sponge tubing and filler
at expansion joint
 UNDERLAYMENT OF SHINGLE ROOFING

4” side lap 19” starter course

Asphalt cement
At rake,
Corrosion
2” top lap
Resistant
Metal drip
Edge is applied
Over underlay-
ment

Lap underlayment 6” Corrosion-resistant

on both sides of hips metal drip edge applied
and ridges directly to deck
HEAT INSULATION
THERMAL RESISTANCE OF BUILDING MATERIALS
ROOF AND FLOORS INSULATION
MOISTURE CONTROL
MOISTURE CONTROL
End