EE296 Seminar

EE 296

PA O LO J O S E M A R I P. Z A F RA

2016-91376
Review of Related
Literature
&
Problem
Statement
Presentation
Literature Review
#1
“Analysis of Transient
Phenomena Due to a
Direct Lightning Strike on
a Wind Energy System”
[ 1 ] R O D R I G U E S , R. , M E N D E S , V. , C ATA L A O , J . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . A N A LY S I S O F
T RA N S I E N T P H E N O M E N A D U E T O A D I R E C T L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E O N A W I N D
E N E R GY S Y S T E M . E N E R G I E S 2 0 1 2 , 5 , 2 5 4 5 - 2 5 5 8 ; D O I : 1 0 . 3 3 9 0 / E N 5 0 7 2 5 4 5
BRIEF SUMMARY

• TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF A WIND TURBINE WITH AN

INTERCONNECTING TRANSFORMER DUE TO A DIRECT LIGHTNING

STRIKE TO THE BLADE [1]

• SIMUL ATION RESULTS WERE OBTAINED USING EMTP-RV [1]

[ 1 ] R O D R I G U E S , R. , M E N D E S , V. , C ATA L AO , J . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . A N A LY S I S O F T RA N S I E N T
P H E N O M E N A D U E T O A D I R E C T L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E O N A W I N D E N E R GY S Y S T E M .
ENERGIES 2012, 5, 2545-2558; DOI:10.3390/EN5072545
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• THE ACTUAL PHYSICAL & GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE OF THE

TOWER IS NEGLECTED IN THE MODELLING.

 Constant Parameter Model of the
Tower

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 1 ] R O D R I G U E S , R . , M E N D E S , V. , C ATA L A O , J . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . A N A LY S I S O F
T RA N S I E N T P H E N O M E N A D U E T O A D I R E C T L I G H T N I N G ST R I K E O N A W I N D E N E R GY S Y S T E M . E N E R G I E S
2012, 5, 2545-2558; DOI:10.3390/EN5072545
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• THE T OWER GROUNDING SY STEM IS ALSO MODELLED AS A

NONLINEAR RESISTOR TH AT IS FREQUENCY INDEPENDENT. [1]

[ 1 ] R O D R I G U E S , R. , M E N D E S , V. , C ATA L A O , J . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . A N A LY S I S O F T RA N S I E N T
P H E N O M E N A D U E T O A D I R E C T L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E O N A W I N D E N E R GY S Y S T E M .
ENERGIES 2012, 5, 2545-2558; DOI:10.3390/EN5072545
 Grounding Electrode Model

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 1 ] R O D R I G U E S , R . , M E N D E S , V. , C ATA L A O , J . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . A N A LY S I S O F
T RA N S I E N T P H E N O M E N A D U E T O A D I R E C T L I G H T N I N G ST R I K E O N A W I N D E N E R GY S Y S T E M . E N E R G I E S
2012, 5, 2545-2558; DOI:10.3390/EN5072545
Literature Review
#2
“The effect of wide band
modeling of tower-footing
grounding system on the
lightning performance of
transmission lines: A probabilistic
evaluation”
[ 2 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . , S H E S H Y E K A N I , K . , & A L E M I , M . R . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . T H E
E F F E C T O F W I D E B A N D M O D E L I N G O F T O W E R- F O O T I N G G R O U N D I N G S Y S T E M O N T H E
L I G H T N I N G P E R F O R M A N C E O F T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S : A P R O B A B I L I S T I C E VA LU AT I O N .
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM RESEARCH 141 (2016), 1-10. RETRIEVED FROM
H T T P S : / / W W W. J O U R N A L S . E L S E V I E R . C O M / E L E C T R I C - P O W E R - S Y S T E M S - R E S E A RC H
BRIEF SUMMARY

• E ST I M AT I O N O F B AC K F L A S H OV E R RAT E (B FR ) A ND SH I E LDI N G FA I LU RE

F L A SH OV E R RAT E ( SFF O R) O F OV E RH E A D TRA NS M I S SI O N LI N E S [2 ]

• S I M U L AT I O NS A R E C ON DU CT E D FO R A T YP I C A L 4 0 0 K V T RA NS M I S SI O N LI N E

I N T HE E M T P-RV S IM U L AT OR [2 ]

[ 2 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . , S H E S H Y E K A N I , K . , & A L E M I , M . R. ( 2 0 1 6 ) . T H E E F F E C T
O F W I D E B A N D M O D E L I N G O F T O W E R- F O O T I N G G R O U N D I N G S Y S T E M O N T H E L I G H T N I N G
P E R F O R M A N C E O F T RA N S M I S S I O N L I N E S : A P R O B A B I L I S T I C E VA LU AT I O N . E L E C T R I C P O W E R S Y S T E M
R E S E A RC H 1 4 1 ( 2 0 1 6 ) , 1 - 1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P S : / / W W W. J O U R N A L S . E L S E V I E R. C O M / E L E C T R I C -
P O W E R- S Y S T E M S - R E S E A RC H
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• TH E TO W E R FO O T I NG G RO U N D I N G SY STE M RE V E A LS A FRE Q U E N CY

DE P E NDE NC E B E H AVI O R W H E N T H E SO I L PA RA M E TE R I S A LSO C H O SE N A S

FRE Q U E N CY DE P E NDE N T. [ 2 ]

[ 2 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . , S H E S H Y E K A N I , K . , & A L E M I , M . R . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . T H E E F F E C T O F
W I D E B AN D M O D E LI N G O F T O W E R- FO O T I N G G R O U N D I NG S Y S T E M O N T H E L I GH T N I N G P E R FO R M AN C E O F
T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S : A P R O B A B I L I S T I C E VA LU AT I O N . E L E C T R I C P O W E R S Y S T E M R E S E A R C H 1 4 1 ( 2 0 1 6 ) ,
1 - 1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P S : / / W W W. J O U R N A L S . E L S E V I E R . C O M / E L E C T R I C - P O W E R - S Y S T E M S - R E S E A R C H
 A one port 3m vertical rod

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 2 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . , S H E S H Y E K A N I , K . , & A L E M I , M . R . ( 2 0 1 6 ) .
THE E FFE CT O F W ID E BA N D M OD E L ING OF T OW E R- FO OT IN G G RO U N D IN G SY ST E M ON T HE L IGHT N IN G
P E R F O R M A N C E O F T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S : A P R O B A B I L I S T I C E VA L U AT I O N . E L E C T R I C P O W E R S Y S T E M R E S E A R C H 1 4 1
( 2 0 1 6 ) , 1 - 1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P S : / / W W W. J O U R N A L S . E L S E V I E R . C O M / E L E C T R I C - P O W E R - S Y S T E M S - R E S E A R C H
 Impedance vs. Frequency
Graph of a one port 3m vertical r

Legend:
Red Line: Simple Resistor equal to DC
resistance
Blue Dashed Line: Soil with constant
electrical parameters
Green Dotted Line: Soil with frequency
dependent electrical parameters

F I G U R E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 2 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . , S H E S H Y E K A N I , K . , & A L E M I , M . R . ( 2 0 1 6 ) .
THE E FFE CT O F W ID E BA N D M OD E L ING OF TO W E R- FOO T ING GR O U N D IN G SY ST E M ON T HE L IGHT N IN G
P E R F O R M A N C E O F T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S : A P R O B A B I L I S T I C E VA L U AT I O N . E L E C T R I C P O W E R S Y S T E M R E S E A R C H 1 4 1
( 2 0 1 6 ) , 1 - 1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P S : / / W W W. J O U R N A L S . E L S E V I E R . C O M / E L E C T R I C - P O W E R - S Y S T E M S - R E S E A R C H
Literature Review
#3
“Transient overvoltage
phenomena on the control
system of wind turbines
due to lightning strike”
[ 3 ] J I A N G , J . , C H A N G , H . , KU O , C . , H U A N G , C . ( 2 0 1 3 ) . T RA N S I E N T O V E RV O LTA G E
PHENOMENA ON THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF WIND TURBINES DUE TO LIGHTNING
S T R I K E . R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y 5 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) , 1 8 1 - 1 8 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M :
H T T P S : / / W W W. S C I E N C E D I R E C T. C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E WA B L E - E N E R GY / V O L / 5 7 / S U P P
L/C
BRIEF SUMMARY

• A N A LY Z E S A N D P R O P O S E S L I G H T N I N G P R O T E C T I O N M E T H O D S BY S I M U L AT I N G

T H E E F F E C T S O F T RA N S I E N T OV E RVO LTAG E O N T H E C O N T R O L S Y S T E M T H AT

O C C U R W H E N L I G H T N I N G D I R E C T LY S T R I K E S A W I N D T U R B I N E . [ 3 ]

[ 3 ] J I A N G , J . , C H A N G , H . , K U O , C . , H U A N G , C . ( 2 0 1 3 ) . T R A N S I E N T O V E RV O LTA G E P H E N O M E N A O N T H E
C O N T R O L S Y S T E M O F W I N D T U R B I N E S D U E T O L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E . R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 5 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) ,
1 8 1 - 1 8 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M : H T T P S : / / W W W. S C I E N C E D I R E C T. C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E WA B L E -
E N E R GY / V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• THE PHYSICAL AND GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE OF THE WIND

TOWER IS CONSIDERED IN THE MODELLING OF THE EQUIVALENT

CIRCUIT. THE VALUE OF THE IMPEDANCE OBTAINED IS MUCH

MORE ACCURATE
 Tower Geometry

FIGUR E RETR IEVED FR OM [3 ] JIA NG, J., CHA NG, H., KUO, C., H UAN G, C. (2 01 3). TRANS IENT
O V E R V O LT A G E P H E N O M E N A O N T H E C O N T R O L S Y S T E M O F W I N D T U R B I N E S D U E T O L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E .
R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 5 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) , 1 8 1 - 1 8 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M :
H T T P S : / / W W W. S C I E N C E D I R E C T. C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E W A B L E - E N E R G Y / V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
CRITIQUE/C OMMENTS

•THE CONTROL LINE OF THE WIND TURBINE IS ALSO MODELLED

AND INCLUDED IN THE CIRCUIT SIMUL ATION.[3]

[ 3 ] J I A N G , J . , C H A N G , H . , KU O , C . , H U A N G , C . ( 2 0 1 3 ) . T RA N S I E N T O V E RVO LTA G E
PHENOMENA ON THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF WIND TURBINES DUE TO LIGHTNING STRIKE.
R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 5 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) , 1 8 1 - 1 8 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M :
H T T P S : / / W W W. S C I E N C E D I R E C T. C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E WA B L E - E N E R GY / V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
 Equivalent Circuit of the
tower and the control line

FIGUR E RETR IEVED FR OM [3 ] JIA NG, J., CHA NG, H., KUO, C., H UAN G, C. (2 01 3). TRANS IENT
O V E R V O LT A G E P H E N O M E N A O N T H E C O N T R O L S Y S T E M O F W I N D T U R B I N E S D U E T O L I G H T N I N G S T R I K E .
R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 5 7 ( 2 0 1 3 ) , 1 8 1 - 1 8 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M :
H T T P S : / / W W W. S C I E N C E D I R E C T. C O M / J O U R N A L / R E N E W A B L E - E N E R G Y / V O L / 5 7 / S U P P L / C
Literature Review
#4
 “Mitigation of Lightning
Hazards at the More
Sensitive Points in Wind
Farms Using Ant-Colony
Optimization Technique”
[ 4 ] A B D -A L L A H , M A . , S A I D , A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) . M I T I G AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G
H A Z A R D S AT T H E M O R E S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T-
C O LO N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E . B U L L E T I N O F E L E C T R I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 - 1 5 9 ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 5 9 1 / E E I . V 5 I 2 . 6 1 8
BRIEF SUMMARY

• T H E PA PE R ATT E M P T S T O E VA LU AT E T H E OV E RVO LTAG E S AT T H E SE NS I T I V E

P O I NT S I N W I N D FA R M , U S I NG AT P- E M T P PACKAG E PR OG RA M [ 4 ]

• T H E W OR K D E TE R M I NE S T H E O PT I M U M LO C AT I O N O F T HE WI N D T U RBI NE AT

T H E A R E A S O F M A X IM U M LI G H T NI NG I NC I DE NC E [ 4 ]

[ 4 ] A B D - A L L A H , M A . , S A I D , A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) . M I T I G AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G H A Z A R D S AT T H E M O R E
S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T- C O L O N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E . B U L L E T I N O F
E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 - 1 5 9 ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 5 9 1 / E E I . V 5 I 2 . 6 1 8
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• TH E P R O P ER M O D ELLI NG O F T H E G R O U N D ING S YS TE M IN A W IN D TU RB IN E

ST RU CT U R E WA S S H O W N T O R E D U C E T H E G P R (G R O U N D P O TE NTIA L R IS E )

D U R IN G TRA NS I EN T S IM U L AT IO N S [4 ]

[ 4 ] A B D - A L L A H , M A . , S A I D , A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) . M I T I G AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G H A Z A R D S AT T H E
M O R E S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T- C O LO N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E .
B U L L E T I N O F E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 - 1 5 9 ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 5 9 1 / E E I . V 5 I 2 . 6 1 8
 Grounding Models used in
EMPT-ATP

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 4 ] I M A G E S TA K E N F R O M : A B D - A L L A H , M A . , S A I D , A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) .
M I T I G A T I O N O F L I G H T N I N G H A Z A R D S A T T H E M O R E S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T-
C O LO N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E . B U L L E T I N O F E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 -
159; DOI: 10.11591/EEI.V5I2.618
 Ground Potential Rise Comparis
of the Two Models

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 4 ] I M A G E S TA K E N F R O M : A B D - A L L A H , M A . , S A I D , A . , A L I , M . , ( 2 0 1 6 ) .
M I T I G A T I O N O F L I G H T N I N G H A Z A R D S A T T H E M O R E S E N S I T I V E P O I N T S I N W I N D FA R M S U S I N G A N T-
C O LO N Y O P T I M I Z AT I O N T E C H N I Q U E . B U L L E T I N O F E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D I N F O R M AT I C S , 1 4 4 -
159; DOI: 10.11591/EEI.V5I2.618
CRITICAL POINTS FOR RESEARCH AGENDA (SO FAR  ):

• NEGLIGENCE IN THE MODELLING OF THE ACTUAL PHYSICAL

AND GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE OF THE WIND TURBINE

TOWER [1]

• FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE BEHAVIOR OF GROUNDING

SYSTEM [2]
CRITICAL POINTS FOR RESEARCH AGENDA (SO FAR  ):

• ACCURATE MODELLING OF THE WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE

[3]

• PLAUSIBLE EFFECTS OF PROPER MODELLING OF

GROUNDING SYSTEM [4]

Literature Review
#5
“Calculation of
Lightning Current
Parameters”
[ 5 ] H E I D L E R , F. , C V E T I C J . M . , S TA N I C , B . V. ( 1 9 9 9 ) . C A L C U L AT I O N O F
L I G H T N I N G C U R R E N T PA RA M E T E R S . I E E E T R A N S A C T I O N S O N P O W E R
D E L I V E R Y, V O L . 1 4 , 3 9 9 - 4 0 4 D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / 6 1 . 7 5 4 0 8 0
BRIEF SUMMARY

• A N E W E XP RE S SI ON O F T HE L IG HT NI NG CU RR E N T AT T H E S TRI K I NG

PO IN T I S A NA LY ZED [5]

• A N A LG OR IT H M FO R A FAS T CAL CUL AT IO N OF TH E CH A NNE L BA SE D

CU RR E N T PA RA M ET ER S I S P RO PO SE D [5]

[ 5 ] H E I D L E R , F. , C V E T I C J . M . , S TA N I C , B . V. ( 1 9 9 9 ) . C A L C U L AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G C U R R E N T
PA RA M E T E R S . I E E E T RA N S A C T I O N S O N P O W E R D E L I V E RY , V O L . 1 4 , 3 9 9 - 4 0 4 D O I :
10.1109/61.754080
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• I N T R O D U C E S T H E H E I D L E R F U NC T I O N , A N OV E L E Q U AT I O N T H AT B E S T

D ES C R I BE S A L I G H T NI N G C U R R E N T D I S C H A R G E B A S E D O N M EA S U R E D

PA RA M ET E R S . [ 5 ]

[ 5 ] H E I D L E R , F. , C V E T I C J . M . , S TA N I C , B . V. ( 1 9 9 9 ) . C A L C U L AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G C U R R E N T
PA RA M E T E R S . I E E E T RA N S A C T I O N S O N P O W E R D E L I V E RY , V O L . 1 4 , 3 9 9 - 4 0 4 D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / 6 1 . 7 5 4 0 8 0
 The Heidler Function

Wherein

[ 5 ] H E I D L E R , F. , C V E T I C J . M . , S TA N I C , B . V. ( 1 9 9 9 ) . C A L C U L AT I O N O F L I G H T N I N G
C U R R E N T PA RA M E T E R S . I E E E T RA N S AC T I O N S O N P O W E R D E L I V E RY , VO L . 1 4 ,
399-404 DOI: 10.1109/61.754080
Literature Review
#6
“Transient Analysis on
Wind Turbine Blade due
to Different Types of
Lightning Discharges”
[ 6 ] G R E B O V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N W I N D
TURBINE BLADE DUE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIGHTNING DISCHARGES.
2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A R T G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S C O N F E R E N C E
E U R O P E ( I S G T- E U R O P E ) ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S GT E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
BRIEF SUMMARY

• THIS PAPER IS DEDICATED TO TRANSIENT STUDIES ON WIND

TURBINE BL ADE DUE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIGHTNING

DISCHARGES.

[ 6 ] G R E BO V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E
D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E
S M A RT G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S GT- E U R O P E ) ; D O I :
1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S GT E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
 Negative Lightning Flash

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 6 ] G R E B O V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T
A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G
D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S
C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S G T- E U R O P E ) ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S G T E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
 Positive Lightning Flash

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 6 ] G R E B O V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T
A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G
D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S
C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S G T- E U R O P E ) ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S G T E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
 Bipolar Lightning Flash

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 6 ] G R E B O V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T
A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G
D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S
C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S G T- E U R O P E ) ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S G T E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
 Multicomponent Lightning Flash

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 6 ] G R E B O V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T
A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G
D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S
C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S G T- E U R O P E ) ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S G T E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• TH E R ES EA RC H E RS U S ED A SIM PL IF IED M OD EL F OR T H E W IND T U R BINE

STRU C T U R E . [6 ]

• TH E GR OU NDING SY S TE M IS M ODE LL E D ONLY A S A S IM PL E R ES IS TANC E

[6 ]

[ 6 ] G R E B O V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E
T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT G R I D
T E C H N O LO G I E S C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S GT- E U R O P E ) ; D O I :
1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S GT E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
 Tower, Blade, and Grounding system
Simulation Model

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 6 ] G R E B O V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . T RA N S I E N T
A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G
D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT G R I D T E C H N O LO G I E S
C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S G T- E U R O P E ) ; D O I : 1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S G T E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
Literature Review
#7
“Transient modeling of
the wind farms in order
to analysis the lightning
related overvoltages”
[ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) .
T RA N S I E N T M O D E L I N G O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E
L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D O V E RVO LTA G E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) ,
1151-1166 DOI: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084
BRIEF SUMMARY

• T H IS PA PE R P R ES E N T S T H E W ID E -B A ND M O D E LIN G O F TH E W IN D FA R M S O

T H AT D IFFE R E N T PART S O F T H E S T R U CTU R E A N D FR EQ U EN CY- D E PE N D E N T

BE H AV IO R O F TH E G R O U N D I NG S Y S T EM A RE M O D E LE D .

• A C A S E S TU DY IS IM P L EM EN T E D I N T H E EM TP-RV IN O R D E R TO AN A LYZE

T H E E FFECTS O F T H E P R O P O S E D M ETH O D O N TH E CA LCU L ATE D

OV E RVO LTAG ES .

[ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T RA N S I E N T M O D E L I N G O F T H E
W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D O V E RV O LTA G E S . R E N E WA B L E
E N E R GY 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) , 1 1 5 1 - 1 1 6 6 D O I : H T T P S : / / D O I . O R G / 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / J . R E N E N E . 2 0 1 8 . 0 8 . 0 8 4
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• THE PROPONENTS USED A VERY ACCURATE WIDE-BAND MODEL

OF THE OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE WIND TURBINE WHICH

INCLUDES THE FREQUENCY DEPENDENT MODEL OF THE BLADE

INCLUDING THE SLIP RING AND THE FERRITE RING AND ALSO

THE WIDE-BAND MODEL OF THE GROUNDING SYSTEM OF THE

TOWER. [7]
[ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T RA N S I E N T
M O D E L I N G O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D
OV E RVO LTAG E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) , 1 1 5 1 - 1 1 6 6 D O I :
H TT P S : / / D O I . O R G / 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / J . R E N E N E . 2 0 1 8 . 0 8 . 0 8 4
 Wide-band model of
Wind Turbine structure

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D ,
J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T RA N S I E N T M O D E L I N G O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S
T H E L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D O V E RV O LTA G E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) ,
1151-1166 DOI: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• THE PROPOSED MODEL OF THE RESEARCHERS WERE COMPARED

TO OTHER MODELS IN THROUGH THE VALUES OBTAINED IN THE

SIMUL ATION. IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE PROPOSED MODEL GAVE

OUT A REL ATIVELY LOWER ESTIMATES OF THE OVERVOLTAGE

VALUES AS COMPARED TO OTHER MODELS. [7]

[ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T RA N S I E N T
M O D E L I N G O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D
OV E RVO LTAG E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) , 1 1 5 1 - 1 1 6 6 D O I :
H TT P S : / / D O I . O R G / 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / J . R E N E N E . 2 0 1 8 . 0 8 . 0 8 4
 Overvoltage plot of
Boost Transformer

I M A G E R E T R I E V E D F R O M [ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D ,
J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T RA N S I E N T M O D E L I N G O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S
T H E L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D O V E RV O LTA G E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) ,
1151-1166 DOI: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.08.084
CRITIQUE/COMMENTS

• TYPE OF LIGHTNING CURRENT MODELLED IS ONLY POSITIVE

LIGHTNING CURRENT. THE EFFECTS OF OTHER TYPES OF

LIGHTNING DISCHARGES IN THE WIDE BAND MODEL IS NOT

CONSIDERED [7]

[ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T RA N S I E N T

M O D E L I N G O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G R E L AT E D

OV E RVO LTAG E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R GY 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) , 1 1 5 1 - 1 1 6 6 D O I :
Proposed Research
Topic
“Transient Analysis on
Wind Turbines due to
Different Types
of Lightning Discharges
using A Wide Band Model”
BY: PAOLO JOSEMARI P. ZAFRA
RESEARCH ADVISER: DR. ALLAN NERVES
Problem Statement
Development
STAT U S Q UO :

P R E S E NT LIG H T NI NG T RA N S IE NT A NA LYS IS S TU D IES O N W I ND

TU R B IN E S G E NE RALLY M AK E S U S E O F S IM P LIFIE D M O D ELS IN
D O IN G S O FTWAR E S IM U L AT IO N S [1 & 3 ]. R E D U CTIO N OF
C O M P LE X ITY IN T H E D E S IG N P R O CES S BY N EG LE CTI NG S EV E RAL
PA RTS O F TH E S Y S T E M A RC H IT E CT U RE IS TH E M AI N I NTE N TIO N O F
S U CH E N D E AVO R S . F U RT H E R M O R E, TH E S IM U L ATED L IG H TN IN G
C U R RE N TS IN S O M E O F T H E S E S T U D IE S A R E D IR ECTLY AS S U M E D TO
BE PO SI TIVE LIG H T NI NG S T R O KE S [2 ] . O TH E R TYPE S O F L IG H TN IN G
S T RIK E S AR E N O T C O N S I D E R E D IN TH E M O D E LLIN G P O RTIO N O F
TH E S E S IM U L AT IO N S T O , AG A IN , S IM P LIFY TH E P R O CE S S .
DESTABILIZING CONDITION:

THE SIMPLIFIED MODELS FOR THE WIND TURBINES,

HOWEVER, OVERESTIMATE THE OVERVOLTAGE VALUES OF
EACH OF THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS DURING SIMUL ATIONS
[2]. THESE OVERESTIMATION OF VOLTAGE LEVELS WOULD
ENTAIL AN INCREASE IN COST AND WOULD MAKE THE
DESIGN PROCESS MORE EXPENSIVE. MOREOVER, BY ONLY
CONSIDERING POSITIVE LIGHTNING STROKES, THE
POSSIBLE OVERVOLTAGE EFFECTS OF OTHER TYPES OF
LIGHTNING STRIKES ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD.
CAND ID ATE APP ROAC H 1:

A W IDE-BAND MODE L O F A W IND T URB INE STRU CTU RE H AS

BEEN PRO POSED IN [ 2] . IT INCLUDES A F R EQ UENCY-DEPENDENT
MODELLI NG OF THE BL ADE, SLI P RING, AND T HE F ERRI TE RI NG AS
WELL AS T HE WI DE-BAND MODELLI NG OF TH E GROU NDING SYSTE M
OF THE TO WER [2] . IT IS A VERY ACC URATE MAT HEMAT IC AL
REP RESENTATI ON OF A W IND FARM S TRUC TU RE I N RECENT
STU DI ES AN D Y ET IT HAS NOT B EEN TEST ED TO S IMUL ATE
LIGHT NING STRO KES OTHER T HAN POSIT IVE LI GH TNING.
.
CANDIDATE APPROACH 2:

IN ANOTHER RECENT STUDY, SEVERAL MEASURED

LIGHTNING DISCHARGE CURRENTS FROM RECORDED
LIGHTNING EVENTS WERE SIMUL ATED IN AN
ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENT SIMUL ATOR [3]. THE STUDY
CONSIDERED VARIOUS TYPES OF LIGHTNING DISCHARGES;
NAMELY, NEGATIVE, POSITIVE, BIPOL AR, AND
MULTICOMPONENT LIGHTNING STROKES [3]. THE
RESEARCHERS, HOWEVER, ONLY USED A SIMPLIFIED MODEL
FOR THE WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE.
SO LU T I ON :

T H E R ECO M M E N D E D AP P R OAC H IS TO S IM U L ATE TH E FO U R

TY PE S O F LIG H T NI NG D IS C H AR G E CU R R E N TS U S IN G TH E W ID E -
BA ND M O D E L O F T H E W IN D T U R B INE I N [2 ] . TH E M O D E L WI LL B E
S I M U L ATE D W IT H T H E S T R IKI NG P O IN T O F TH E LIG H TNI NG STR O K E
TO BE TH E W IN D T U R B IN E B L AD E. IN E ACH O F TH E TY PE S O F
LIG H TN IN G CU R R E N T S I M U L AT ED , T H E VO LTAG E M E A S U R EM E NT S IN
TH E W ID E-B A ND M O D E L WI LL BE PLO TTED AN D CO M PA R E D W ITH
TH E M O D E LS IN [1 ] & [ 3 ]. T H E S IM U L ATIO N TO O L TO BE U S E D W ILL
BE TH E E M TP/ AT P , A N E LE CT R O M AG NE TIC TRA NS IE N T S IM U L ATIO N
U S ED FO R PO W E R S Y S T EM S AP P LIC ATIO N S.
BENEFITS:

THE SIMULATION WILL ALLOW THE PROPONENTS TO

EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
LIGHTNING DISCHARGES TO THE WIDE-BAND MODEL. THE
SIMUL ATED RESULTS CAN AID WITH THE SELECTION OF
SURGE ARRESTERS IN A WIND TURBINE SYSTEM; WITH THE
POSSIBILITY OF LOWERING THE COST OF THE DESIGN
PROCESS BY THE DETERMINATION OF THE ADEQUATE
VOLTAGE OR INSULATION LEVELS OF THE SAID ARRESTERS
[ 1 ] [ 6 ] T RA N S I E N T A N A LY S I S O N W I N D T U R B I N E B L A D E D U E T O D I F F E R E N T
T Y P E S O F L I G H T N I N G D I S C H A R G E S . 2 0 1 8 I E E E P E S I N N O VAT I V E S M A RT G R I D
T E C H N O LO G I E S C O N F E R E N C E E U R O P E ( I S GT- E U R O P E ) ; D O I :
1 0 . 1 1 0 9 / I S GT E U R O P E . 2 0 1 8 . 8 5 7 1 7 8 8
 
[ 2 ] [ 7 ] S H A R I AT I N A S A B , R. , K E R M A N I , B . , G H O L I N E Z H A D , J . ( 2 0 1 9 ) . T RA N S I E N T
M O D E L I N G O F T H E W I N D FA R M S I N O R D E R T O A N A LY S I S T H E L I G H T N I N G
R E L AT E D O V E RVO LTAG E S . R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y 1 3 2 ( 2 0 1 9 ) , 1 1 5 1 - 1 1 6 6 D O I :
G R E BO V I C , S . , O P RA S I C , N . ( 2 0 1 8 ) .
 
[ 3 ] [ 1 ] R O D R I G U E S , R. B . , M E N D E S , V. M . F. , C ATA L AO J . P. S . ( 2 0 1 1 ) . D I R E C T
L I G H T N I N G S U R G E A N A LY S I S I N W I N D T U R B I N E S U S I N G E L E C T R O M AG N E T I C
T RA N S I E N T S C O M P U T E R P R O G RA M . 2 0 1 1 I E E E E U R O C O N - I N T E R N AT I O N A L
CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AS A TOOL . DOI: 10.1109/EUROCON.2011.5929181