TUGAS

KERJA MANDIRI

OPTIMIZE OF LEAST-SQUARE INVERSE CONSTRAIN METHOD OF

GEOELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY WENNER-SCHLUMBERGER FOR
INVESTIGATION ROCK STRUCTURES

Akmam
NIM 2016/16193004

Dosen Pembina
Prof. Dr. H. Nizwardi Jalinus, M.Ed
Dr. H. Sukardi,M.T.
Dr. Rusnardi Rahmad, M.Eng, Ph.D

Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan (S3)

Pasca Sarjana Fakultas Teknik UNP Padang7
5/9/2019 1
 Introduction
The Geolectrical resistivity method is intensively used
for the investigation of the deep and shallow structure
of the subsurface, Interpretation by inversion
Geolectrical
resistivity method Potensial, Curent,
Electroda
Configuaration
True Resistivity Rock’s
Resistivity, Depth Structure

Apperent resistivity

Inversion
 Least-square
constrain Must be under
taken
Exploration Inversion Damping factor
methods

Geoelectrical Optimaze Smooth True

methods Resistivity
Not unique
Apparent Landslide Rock’s
resistivity Ambigue Structure Structure

Electrical
Electrical Geology
current Model of
Potensial Map Mitigation
 Malalak districts of Agam West Sumatra

highway Padang and frequent type of rock and

Bukittingi Landslide slope angle

This problem needs to get attention and scientific studies to

avoid landslide recurrence. The research can be used for
landslide mitigation study in West Sumatera

The boundary between an avalanche material and the hard rock beneath
which acts as a base is called the slip plane. The soft layer acts as a
landslide material

Avalanche material is characterized by low resistivity and

landslide fields characterized by high resistivity material
 Resistivity Vs Landslide and Slide Surface

1. The boundary between an avalanche material and the

hard rock beneath which acts as a base is called the
slip plane (Slide surface)
2. The soft layer acts as a landslide material
3. Avalanche material is characterized by low resistivity
value and landslide fields characterized by high
resistivity material
4. Electrical slide surface is characterized by the
presence of two soil layers of highly contrasting
resistivity
5. The slip surface consists of low permeability and solid
rock. ( Resistivity (200-100) Ωm [6]
 Rock’s Structure and Inversion Methods

6. The resistivity transform function, T(λ), as follows:

𝑻𝒊+𝟏 𝝀 + 𝝆𝒊 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡(𝝀𝒉𝒊 )
𝑻𝒊 𝝀 = 𝑻 𝝀 + 𝝆𝒊 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡(𝝀𝒉𝒊 ) , 𝒊 = 𝒏 − 𝟏 … 𝟏 (2).
𝟏+ 𝒊+𝟏 𝝆𝒊

7. Inversion of geoelectrical data is an ill-posed problem.

8. The damped least-squares solution have been modified by
𝟏
9. .𝚫𝐦 = 𝐕 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠 𝑽𝑻 𝑽𝑺𝑼𝑻 𝟑
𝝀𝟐𝒊 +𝜺𝟐

𝝀𝒊
10. ∆𝒎 = 𝑽 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈 𝑼𝑻 𝚫𝒅 (4)
𝝀𝟐𝒊 +𝜺𝟐
11. Equatian (4) is modified by emperical aproach
𝟎.𝟗𝟐𝝀𝒊
∆𝒎 = 𝑽 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈 𝑼𝑻 𝚫𝒅 (5)
𝝀𝟐𝒊 +𝜺𝟐
 Rock’s Structure and Inversion Methods

1. Resistivity rock’s subsurface can be explored by

Geoelectrical methods with the Wenner-Schulumberger
configuration
2. Data which was measurement can be Interpretation by an
inversion method
3. However, interpreting data by inversion method are unique
of results
4. The results of interpretation to approach a unique and
stable result need to be optimized factors that influence it,
such as damping factor inversion.
5. Inversions can display the same response from three or
more different models.
 Objective of Research

The objective of research was to to

determine:
1. the rock's structure,
2. the depth and slope angle of the slide
surface in Malalak districts Agam West
Sumatra has to take place.
3. Constrains as damping factor for structures
which have wide range resistivity and the
smallest damping factor.
Research Method
1. This research is an explorative research
2. Interpretation by using the least-squares
smoothness-constrained with damping factor
that use to obtain the slope and depth of the slip
surface area in the potentially landslide area
3. Damping inversion used is a factor that has been
obtained through cutting the value of singguler
(Equation 5)
4. The main equipment used to obtain apparent
resistivity is the multichannel Automatic
Resistvity System GF Instrument (ARES) with
the Ares-G4
Location and configuration
Location of survey

Figure 1: Measurement Locations in Kecamatan Malalak Agam

West Sumatra ( Google Map, September 23, 2017.
 Cont..

1. The arrangement of electrodes in the Wenner-

Schlumberger configuration is shown in Figure 2

Configuration of Wenner- Schulamberger configuration electrode.

The apparent resistivity is calculated by the equation:
∆𝑽
𝝆𝒂 = 𝟐𝒏𝝅𝒂(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝑰
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Base on equation (5), we get the damping
factor for the wide and minimum range
resistivity of 0.2 and 0.003 respectively. Then,
the value of the damping factor for the first
layer is 30 that we call (0.3, 0.003 and 30).

Rock’s Structure
 Characteristics of the slide surface at (00'22.259 S,
100'17,300 ') up to (00'25.488 S, 100'16,412', 100'16,318 ').

Figure 3: A 2-D cross section of the Rock’s Structure at

(00'22.259 S, 100'17,300 ') up to (00'25.488 S, 100'16,412',
100'16,318 ') without optimization damping factor (0.02, 0.013
and 5)
Figure 4: A 2-D cross section of the Rock’s Structure at (00'22.259
S, 100'17,300E) up to (00'25.488 S, 100'16,318 E') with
optimization damping factor (0.2, 0.003 and 20)
Base on figure 3 and 4:
1. The rock structure consists of Clay, Limestone
Sandstone, Andesite Dolomite and Gravel. Clay
(Resistivity = 22.3 Ωm-30 Ωm) is found between
the Andesite rocks (Resistivity = 481 Ωm – 3267
Ωm.
2. Base Figure 3, the sliding surface of this track
has a slope of 43,42𝑜 , with a layer thickness of
15 meters. And based on Figure 4, we got the
slope of the slide surface was 42,35 𝑜 and layer
thickness was 13 meters.
3. The slide surface that we found by high damping
factor was produce the clear of slide surface.
Characteristics of the slide surface at (00'22.259 S
100'17,300 E) to (00'24.576 S, 100'16,596E).

Figure 3: A 2-D cross section of the Rock’s Structure at

(00'22.259 S100'17,300 E) to (00'24.576 S, 100'16,596‘ E).
without optimization damping factor (0.02, 0.013 and 5)
Characteristics of the slide surface at (00'22.259
S100'17,300 ') to (00'24.576 S, 100'16,596').

Figure 3: A 2-D cross section of the Rock’s Structure at

(00'22.259 S100'17,300 ') to (00'24.576 S, 100'16,596'). with
optimization damping factor (0.2, 0.003 and 20)
Base on figure 5 and 6:
1. The rock structure consists of Clay, Limestone
Sandstone, Andesite Dolomite and Gravel
2. The Gravel (Resistivity = 297 Ωm - 1653 Ωm)
found between Andesite rocks (Resistivity = 481
Ωm - 3267 Ωm, Landslides with large volumes
are expected to occur rarely at this location
3. Figure 6, in a 2-D cross-sectional interpretation
showing the presence of a slide surface. So, we
can say that in there are the slide surface at
(00'22.259 S 100'17,300 E ') to (00'24.576 S,
100'16,596 E') which have the depth and the
angle of slide surface are 43.210 and 23 meters.
This is not the active slide surface.
 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Damping factor to optimize results of interpretation method Inversion least-
squares smoothness-constrain data Geoelectrical resistivity in this research
each respectively, for wide range resistivity and minimum factor damping are
0.2 and 0.003. Then, the damping factor for the first layer is 30.
2. The rock's structure in Malalak Agam District West Sumatra consist of
consists of Clay, Limestone Sandstone, Andesite Dolomite and Gravel.
3. The depth and the angle of the slip surface at (00'22.259 S100'17,300E) to
(00'24.576 S, 100'16,596E') are 40,38 𝑜 and 16.5 meters. This is the active
slide surface.
4. The depth and the angle of the slip surface at (00'22.259 S100'17,300E ') to
(00'24.576 S, 100'16,596 E') are 43,42𝑜 and 23 meters. This is not the active
slide surface.
5. The implementation of the results of this study is at coordinates (00'22.259 S
100'17,300E) to (00'24.576 S, 100'16,596 E) must be planned mitigation of
the landslide disaster well. Mitigation that can be done is to make a landslide
dam with a depth of 17 meters. Dams that must be able to pass water, so
that the ground masses do not push the dam during heavy rain.
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