Scaffold

Safety
As Presented by:

REY J. LUGO,PCO,SCAFFOLDER
BWC Accredited OSH Practitioner

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A Scaffold is defined as
any temporary elevated
work platform (supported
or suspended) and its
supporting structure
(including points of
anchorage) used for
supporting employees or
materials or both.

Note that there are three

main points to the
definition: it is elevated,
it is temporary, and
it supports either
personnel or materials or
both.
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 Construction False Work:
Any temporary structure
used to support a
permanent structure
while it is not self-
supporting. Falsework
also includes temporary
support structures
for formwork used to
mould concrete to form a
desired shape
and scaffolding to give
workers access to the
structure being
constructed.
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 FALSE WORK (STAGING):
supporting structure to
temporarily support dead loads
of permanent structures

SCAFFOLDS: working platform

for workers access

NOTE: THESE TEMPORARY SUPPORT

STRUCTURES INTER-TWINED DURING
CONSTRUCTION BUT SERVES DIFFERENT
PURPOSES
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Two main categories:

•Those supported from underneath

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Two main categories:

•Those suspended from above.

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* Fall
* Falling Objects
* Collapse
* Electrocution
* Flying objects
* Sharp edges
*
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Falls may occur:
* While climbing on or
off the scaffold
* Working on unguarded
scaffold platforms
* When scaffold
platforms or planks fail*
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*Provide adequate planks, guard rails,
mid-rails & toe-boards
*Provide ladder or any adequate
access
*Safety nets
*
*PPE: body harness, lanyards, lifelines

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 Guardrails
Install along open sides & ends
Front edge of platforms not
more than 14 inches from the
work, unless using guardrails
and/or PFAS
Top rails - 38 to 45 inches tall
Midrails halfway between
toprail and platform
Toeboards at least 3-1/2 inches
high

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Planks, guardrails,
mid-rails, toe boards

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 Platform Ends

Each end of a
platform, unless
cleated or otherwise
restrained by hooks,
must extend over its
support by at least 6
inches

No Cleats
OSHAX.org - The Unofficial Guide to the
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OSHA
 *
Provide access when scaffold
platforms are more than 2 feet
above or below a point of access

Permitted types of access:

 Ladders, such as portable,
hook-on, attachable, stairway
type, and built-ins
 Stair towers
 Ramps and walkways
May use building stairs and come
out window

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 Ladder

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 *
• No access by crossbraces
• When using ladders,
bottom rung no more than
24 inches high
• Can use some end frames
• Can access from another
scaffold, structure or hoist

Do not access
End Frame by crossbraces

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Safety Net:

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 Fall Protection Requirements
 Can use PFAS instead of guardrails on
some scaffolds
 Use PFAS & guardrails on suspension
scaffolds
 Use PFAS on erectors and dismantlers
where feasible

The ends of this scaffold

are not properly guarded
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Body harness, lanyard, lifelines

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 *
Platforms suspended by ropes or wires. Rope must be capable
of supporting 6 times the load
Train employees to recognize hazards
Secure/tie to prevent swaying
Support devices must rest on surfaces
that can support four times the load
Competent person:
 evaluate connections to ensure the
supporting surfaces can support load
 inspect ropes for defects before shift
PFAS must have anchors independent of
the scaffold support system

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*Toe boards
*Debris Net
*Canopy
*PPE: Hardhat

*
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Toe boards

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 Debris Net

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Canopy

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PPE: Hard hat

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* Adequate bracing /support
* Done by a competent individual
* Protection from moving equipments

*
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 *
* Must be able support its own weight and 4 times the
maximum intended load.
* Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person.
* They must and built and loaded within design.
* All scaffolds must be erected,
moved, dismantled or altered
only under the supervision of
a competent person

*
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*
*Scaffolds must
have base plates,
even when setting
on a concrete floor.
*Also, the lack of a
base plate could
damage the
scaffold leg.

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 *
*Scaffold legs must
be set on base plates
and adequate
mudsills.
*There is no base
plate and the scrap
plywood is not
adequate.
*The scaffold frame
could penetrate the 29

plywood.
 *
*Scaffolds should
never be set on
bricks, masonry
blocks, etc.
*These are not
structural elements
and could crush
under the scaffold
load.
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 *

Frames

Mason’s Adjustable
Hydro-mobile

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*
*It all starts in the
first bay.
*If it is set plumb
and square, the
rest will follow.

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Scaffold Safety
General Requirements

• Must be supervised by a competent person

• Sound footing or anchorage
• Don’t use unstable objects as
supports
• Use guardrails
• Use screen
• Use full planking
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Protected from moving equipments

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* Avoid power lines
* Check all wires for adequate insulation
* Observed proper distance from power sources

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36
SCAFFOLD

Protection from Electrocution

Insulated Lines:

Voltage Minimum Distance

Less than 300 volts 3 ft (0.9 meter)

More than 50,000 volts 10 ft (3 meters)

SCAFFOLD

Protection from Electrocution

Uninsulated Lines:

Voltage Minimum Distance

Less than 50,000 volts 10 ft (3 meters)

More than 50,000 volts 10 ft (3 meters) +

4” for each 1 kv
over 50 kv
*

* Install debris net

* Provide eye protection

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*

* Provide hand gloves

* Proper working clothes
* Provide safety shoes

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*

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*
*The plank is
supported by an
extension ladder, a
closed step ladder
and a straight
ladder.
*The guardrails are
not acceptable.
*There is no
stability

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* Be on a firm foundation with base plates
* Be plumb, square and adequately braced
* Have a fully planked work deck
* Have guardrails over 10 feet
* Be tied in over 4 Vert./1 Horiz. high
* Have an adequate means of access

*
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* Full Guardrails

Fully Planked
Deck

Proper
Access
All Frame
Bracing

Stack Pins
Locked
Level
Diagonal
Surface
Brace

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Total Height Less than 4 times Base
 Moving Scaffolds
Employees can’t be on a moving
scaffold unless:
• Surface is level
• Height to base ratio is 2 to 1
• Outriggers are installed on both
sides of scaffolds

Employees can’t be on scaffold part

beyond the wheels

Competent person must be on site to

supervise

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 *
* Workers must be trained in
* Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards
* Correct procedures for protection of above
* Proper use of the scaffold
* Load capacities of scaffolds
* Requirements of OSHS

* Re-training as necessary to restore proficiency

 *
BAD!

*Must have an 18”

platform.
*Must have guardrails
or other fall
protection GOOD!
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WORKING FROM ELEVATED WORK
SURFACES

NOTHING IS SO
URGENT THAT IT CAN
NOT BE DONE SAFELY
!!!

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WORKING FROM ELEVATED WORK
SURFACES

IF IT CAN’T BE
DONE SAFELY,
DON’T DO IT AT
ALL

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 Q&A
Abraham A. Villegas, CE, MPA
BWC Accredited OSH Consultant

Email: abe64ph@yahoo.com
Mobile No: 0923 9441484

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MEASURING DEVICE

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METRIC SYSTEM

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