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Fluids
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11.1 Mass Density
m
V
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11.1 Mass Density
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11.1 Mass Density
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11.1 Mass Density
54 N
(b) Percentage 100% 7.8%
690 N
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11.2 Pressure
F
P
A
Pascal
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11.2 Pressure
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11.2 Pressure
F
P
A
F PA 1.2 105 N m 2 8.4 10 3 m 2
1.0 103 N
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11.2 Pressure
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11.3 Pressure and Depth in a Static Fluid
F y P2 A P1 A mg 0
P2 A P1 A mg
m V
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11.3 Pressure and Depth in a Static Fluid
V Ah
P2 A P1 A Vg
P2 A P1 A Ahg
P2 P1 hg
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11.3 Pressure and Depth in a Static Fluid
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11.3 Pressure and Depth in a Static Fluid
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11.3 Pressure and Depth in a Static Fluid
P2 P1 gh
atmospheri
c pressure
P2 1.01 105 Pa 1.00 103 kg m 3 9.80 m s 2 5.50 m
1.55 105 Pa
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11.4 Pressure Gauges
P2 P1 gh
Patm gh
h
Patm
1.01 105 Pa
g 13.6 103 kg m 3 9.80 m s 2
0.760 m 760 mm
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11.4 Pressure Gauges
P2 PB PA
PA P1 gh
absolute pressure
P2 Patm gh
gauge pressure
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11.4 Pressure Gauges
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11.5 Pascal’s Principle
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
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11.5 Pascal’s Principle
P2 P1 g 0 m
F2 F1
A2 A1
A2
F2 F1
A1
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11.5 Pascal’s Principle
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11.5 Pascal’s Principle
A2
F2 F1
A1
0.0120 m
2
F2 20500 N 131 N
0.150 m
2
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
P2 P1 gh
FB P2 A P1 A P2 P1 A
V hA
FB ghA
FB V g
mass of
displaced
fluid
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
FB Wfluid
Magnitudeof Weight of
buoyantforce displacedfluid
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
FBmax Vg waterVwater g
1000 kg m 3 4.8m 3 9.80 m s 2
47000 N
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
550 kg m 3 4.8m 3 9.80 m s 2
26000 N 47000 N
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
Wraft FB
26000 N waterVwater g
26000 N
h 0.17 m
1000 kg m 4.0 m 4.0 m 9.80 m s
3 2
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
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11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
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11.7 Fluids in Motion
In steady flow the velocity of the fluid particles at any point is constant
as time passes.
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11.7 Fluids in Motion
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11.7 Fluids in Motion
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11.8 The Equation of Continuity
The mass of fluid per second that flows through a tube is called
the mass flow rate.
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11.8 The Equation of Continuity
m V A v t
distance
m2 m1
2 A2 v2 1 A1v1
t t
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11.8 The Equation of Continuity
EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
The mass flow rate has the same value at every position along a
tube that has a single entry and a single exit for fluid flow.
1 A1v1 2 A2 v2
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11.8 The Equation of Continuity
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11.8 The Equation of Continuity
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11.8 The Equation of Continuity
Q Av
(a)
Q 8.00 10 3 m 3 30.0 s
v 0.936 m s
A 2.85 10 m-4 2
(b) A1v1 A2 v2
A1
v2 v1 2 0.936 m s 1.87 m s
A2
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11.9 Bernoulli’s Equation
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11.9 Bernoulli’s Equation
W F s F s P As P2 P1 V
Wnc 1
2 mv12 mgy1 1
2 mv22 mgy2
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11.9 Bernoulli’s Equation
BERNOULLI’S EQUATION
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11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
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11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
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11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
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11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
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11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
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11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
P1 P2 Patm
v2 0
y2 y1 h
1
2
v12 gh
v1 2 gh
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11.11 Viscous Flow
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11.11 Viscous Flow
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11.11 Viscous Flow
POISEUILLE’S LAW
R 4 P2 P1
The volume flow rate is given by: Q
8L
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11.11 Viscous Flow
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11.11 Viscous Flow
8LQ
P2 P
R 4
8 1.5 10 3 Pa s 0.025 m 1.0 10 6 m 3 3.0 s
4.0 10 m
-4 4
1200 Pa
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11.11 Viscous Flow
P1 1900 Pa
P2 P1 1200 Pa
P2 3100 Pa
F P2 A 3100 Pa 8.0 10 m 0.25 N
5 2
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