PRESENTED BY: HIMANSHU WHAT IS RESEARCH?? • A common phrase “search for knowledge”.
Research is defined as a process
through which we attempt to achieve systematically and with the support of data the answer to a question, resolution to a problem, or greater understanding of a phenomenon. RESEARCH IS SOMETHING YOU HAVE DONE INFORMALLY ALL YOUR LIFE
Compared two types of apple to see which one you preferred
Collected the statistics of your favorite team or favorite player
Enjoyed a novel and then read reviews to see what critics thought of it Compared brochures to choose a holiday vacation
Gone on a diet and computed the calories of your meals
Researched all the literature when deciding to buy a new cycle
Compared different colleges for seeking admission
TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS
Some other types of research..
One-time Research – Research confined to a single time period.
Longitudinal Research – Research carried on over
several time periods. 4 Experimental Research – It is designed to assess the effect of one particular variable on a phenomenon by keeping the other variables constant or controlled.
Historical Research – It is the study of past records
and other information sources, with a view to find the origin and development of a phenomenon and to discover the trends in the past, in order to understand the present and to anticipate the future.
Diagnostic Research – It is also called clinical
research which aims at identifying the causes of a problem, frequency with which it occurs and the possible solutions for it. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a systematic way to solve a problem.
It is a science of studying how research is to be carried out.
Essentially, the procedures by which researchers go about their work of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena are called research methodology.
It is also defined as the study of methods by which knowledge is
gained.
Its aim is to give the work plan of research
LITERATURE REVIEW PURPOSE OF RESEARCH To get a research degree (Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)) along with its benefits like better employment, promotion, increment in salary, etc.
To solve the unsolved and challenging problems
To get joy of doing some creative work
To acquire respectability
To get recognition
Curiosity to find out the unknown facts of an event
Curiosity to find new things
To serve the society by solving social problems.
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH The prime objectives of research are: To discover new facts
To verify and test important facts
To analyze an event or process or phenomenon to identify the cause and
effect relationship To develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories to solve and understand scientific and nonscientific problems
To find solutions to scientific, nonscientific and social problems
To overcome or solve the problems occurring in our every day life.
RESEARCH PROBLEM • A research problem refers to some difficulty in the context of either a theoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain a solution for the same. SELECTING THE PROBLEM • Every researcher must find out his own salvation for research problems cannot be borrowed. • The following points may be observed by a researcher in selecting a research problem:- Subject which is overdone should not be normally chosen. Too narrow or too vague problems should be avoided. Contd…
The selection of a problem must be
preceded by a preliminary study. Importance of the subject, qualification, training of a researcher, costs involved and time factor are few other criteria that must also be considered in selecting a problem. The DO’s • Listen attentively • Be analytical and critical in your approach to learning research methodology • Mention if you do not understand something and seek clarification • Read the prescribed course literature. It is the basic requirement for comprehending research methodology and succeeding in this course • Start reading from the beginning of the course and not towards the end! The DONT’s • Be late to class • Distract the attention of other course participants • Use mobile phones or send SMS messages in the class • Feel afraid to bring up any relevant point for discussion • Hesitate to visit at office, individually or as a group, if you have a course-related problem and seek counseling in this regard “I keep six honest serving men, (they taught me all I knew), their names are what, and why, and when, and how, and where and who.” --Rudyard Kipling