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FIRE EXITS

BASED ON NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (RA


6541),FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (RA 9514) AND NATIONAL FIRE
PROTECTION ASSOCIATION 101 (LIFE SAFTEY CODE) 2015 EDITION
EXIT
• National Building Code* Exit. A continuous and
unobstructed means of egress to a public way, and shall
include intervening doors, doorways, corridors, exterior exit
balconies, ramps, stairways, smoke-proof enclosures,
horizontal exits, exit passageways, exit courts, and yards. An
exit shall be deemed to be that point which opens directly
into a safe dispersal area or public way. All measurements
are to be made to that point when determining the
permissible distance of travel.
• NFPA 101.3.3.83* Exit. That portion of a means of egress
that is separated from all other spaces of the building or
structure by construction, location, or equipment as required
to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge.
NUMBER OF EXITS
•National Building Code of the Philippines Chapter 12 Section 1207.b.1
- Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit.
In all occupancies, floors above the first storey having an occupant
load of more than 10 shall not have less than two (2) exits.

•Fire Code of the Philippines Section 10.2.5.2.G.1. The number of


means of egress from any balcony, mezzanine, storey, or portion
thereof shall not be less than two (2), except when specifically
permitted in Division 8 through 17 of this Chapter.

•NFPA 101.7.4.1.1 The number of means of egress from any balcony,


mezzanine, story, or portion thereof shall be not less than two.
ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS
• National Building Code of the Philippines Chapter 12
Section 1207.b.3- If only two exits are required they shall
be placed a distant apart to not less than one-fifth of the
perimeter of the area served measured in a straight line
between exits.
ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS
• Fire Code of the Philippines Section 10.2.5.2.H.4.
• B. When two (2) exits or exit access doors are required, they
shall be located at a distance from one another not less than
one-half (1/2) of the length of the maximum over-all diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served, measured in a
straight line between the nearest edge of the exit doors or exit
access doors, unless otherwise provided in para (c) hereof.
• C. In buildings protected throughout by an approved
supervised automatic sprinkler system, the minimum
separation distance between two exits or exit access doors
measured in accordance with para (b) hereof shall not be less
than one-third (1/3) the length of the maximum overall
diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served.
ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS
• NFPA 101
• 7.5.1.3.2* Where two exits, exit accesses, or exit discharges are
required, they shall be located at a distance from one another not
less than one-half the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served, measured in a straight
line between the nearest edge of the exits, exit accesses, or exit
discharges, unless otherwise provided in 7.5.1.3.3 through 7.5.1.3.5.

• 7.5.1.3.3 In buildings protected throughout by an approved,


supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
9.7, the minimum separation distance between two exits, exit
accesses, or exit discharges, measured in accordance with 7.5.1.3.2,
shall be not less than one-third the length of the maximum overall
diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served.
TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXITS
• National Building Code of the Philippines Chapter 12
Section 1207.b.4- No point in a building without a
sprinkler system shall be more than 45.00 meters from
an exterior door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an
enclosed stairway, measured along the line of travel. In a
building equipped with a complete automatic fire
extinguishing system the distance from exits may be
increased to 60.00 meters.
TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXITS
• Fire Code of the Philippines SECTION 10.2.12.3.B.5
• a. Any exit shall be such that it will not be necessary to travel
more than thirty meters (30 m) from the door of any room to
reach the nearest exit.
• b. Travel distance within a guest room or guest suite to a
corridor door shall not exceed twenty three meters (23 m) in
buildings not protected by an approved, supervised automatic
sprinkler system.
• c. Travel distance within a guest room or guest suite to a
corridor door shall not exceed thirty eight meters (38 m) in
buildings protected by an approved, supervised sprinkler
system.
TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXITS
• NFPA 101
• 28.2.6.1 Travel distance within a guest room or guest suite to a
corridor door shall not exceed 75 ft (23 m) in buildings not
protected by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with 28.3.5.
• 28.2.6.2 Travel distance within a guest room or guest suite to a
corridor door shall not exceed 125 ft (38 m) in buildings
protected by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with 28.3.5.
• 28.2.6.3.1 Travel distance from the corridor door of any guest
room or guest suite to the nearest exit, measured in
accordance with Section 7.6, shall not exceed 100 ft (30 m).
DEAD-END CORRIDORS
• National Building Code of the Philippines Chapter 12 Section 1207.d.4-
Corridors and exterior exit balconies with dead ends are permitted
when the dead end does not exceed 6.00 meters in length.

• Fire Code of the Philippines SECTION 10.2.14.2.E.2


• Dead-end corridors shall be permitted in accordance with the
following:
• a. In buildings protected throughout by an approved, supervised
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for
the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, dead-end corridors shall not
exceed fifteen meters (15 m).
• b. In buildings other than those complying with para (c) below, dead-
end corridors shall not exceed six meters (6 m).

• NFPA 101.12.2.5.1.3 Dead-end corridors shall not exceed 20 ft (6100


mm).
FIRE EXIT
ASSEMBLIES
DOORS
DOORS (NBC)
National Building Code of the Philippines Chapter 12 Section
1207.c
1. Swing. Exit door shall swing in the direction of travel when
serving any hazardous areas or when serving an occupant load
of 50 or more. Double acting doors shall not be used as exits
serving a tributary occupant load of more than 100; nor shall
they be used as a part of fire assembly, nor equipped with panic
hardware. A double acting door shall be provided with a view
panel of not less than 1300 square centimeters.
DOORS (NBC)
2. Type of Lock or Latch. Exit door shall be openable from the
inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or
2.00 METERS
effort. The locking device must be of a type that will readily
distinguishable as locked. Flush bolts or surface bolts are
prohibited.
3. Width and Height. Every required exit doorway shall be of a
size as to permit the installation of a door not less than 900
millimeters in width and not less than 2.00 meters in height.
0.90 METERS
When installed in exit doorways, exit doors shall be capable of
opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so mounted that the
clear width of the exitway is not less than 700 millimeters.

0.70 METERS
DOORS (NBC)
4. Door Leaf Width. No leaf of an exit door shall exceed 1.20
meters in width.

5. Special Doors. Revolving, sliding and overhead doors shall not


be used as required exits.
DOORS (FCP)
• Fire Code of the Philippines SECTION 10.2.5.3
• B. Swing and Force to Open
• 2. A door shall swing in the direction of egress travel when
used in an exit enclosure or where serving a high hazard
contents area, unless it is a door from an individual living unit
that opens directly into an exit enclosure. During its swing, any
door in a means of egress shall leave not less than one-half of
the required width of an aisle, corridor, passageway, or landing
unobstructed and shall not project more than one hundred
seventy eight millimeters (178 mm) into the required width of
an aisle, corridor, passageway, or landing, when fully open.
Doors shall not open directly onto a stair without a landing. The
landing shall have a width not less than the width of the door.
DOORS (FCP)
• C. Locks, Latches, Alarm Devices
• 2. A latch or other fastening device on a door shall be provided with
a knob, handle, panic bar, or other simple type releasing device, the
method of operation of which is obvious, even in darkness.
• 4. Doors on buildings of four (4) or more storeys in height shall be
provided with re-entry mechanism to provide access out of the
stairway to another exit. There shall be re-entry mechanism every
four (4) floors that provide a way out of the stairway.
• 5. Doors not allowing re-entry shall be provided with a sign
indicating the location of the nearest door, in each direction of
travel that allows reentry or exit.
NO RE – ENTRY
PROCEED TO ________ FLOOR
AND _________ FLOOR
DOORS (FCP)
• E. Width
• 1. Door openings in means of egress shall not be less than
seventy one centimeters (71 cm) in clear width. When a pair
of doors is provided, not less than one of the doors shall
provide at least seventy one centimeters (71 cm) clear width
opening.
• 2. No single door in a doorway shall exceed one hundred
twenty two centimeters (122 cm) in width.
0.71 METERS
DOORS (FCP)
• F. Panic Hardware

• 1. When a door is required to be equipped with panic


hardware by some other provisions of this Rule, the panic
hardware shall cause the door latch to release when a force of
not more than seven kilogram force (7 kg-f) is applied to the
releasing device in the direction of exit travel.
• 2. Such releasing devices shall be bars or panel extending not
760-1120
MM two-thirds (2/3) of the width of the door and placed
less than
at heights suitable for the service required, and shall not be
less than seventy six (76) nor more than one hundred twelve
centimeters(112 cm) above the floor.
DOORS (NFPA)
• 7.2.1.2 Door Leaf Width.
• 7.2.1.2.1* Measurement of Clear Width.
• 7.2.1.2.1.1 Swinging Door Assemblies. For swinging door assemblies, clear width
shall be measured as follows:
• (1) The measurement shall be taken at the narrowest point in the door opening.
• (2) The measurement shall be taken between the face of the door leaf and the stop
of the frame.
(3) For new swinging door assemblies, the measurement shall be taken with the
door leaf open 90 degrees.
• (4) For any existing door assembly, the measurement shall be taken with the door
leaf in the fully open position.
• (5) Projections of not more than 4 in. (100 mm) into the door opening width on
the hinge side shall not be considered reductions in clear width, provided that such
projections are for purposes of accommodating panic hardware or fire exit
hardware and are located not less than 34 in. (865 mm), and not more than 48 in.
(1220 mm), above the floor.
• (6) Projections exceeding 6 ft 8 in. (2030 mm) above the floor shall not be
considered reductions in clear width.
DOORS (NFPA)
• 7.2.1.2.3 Minimum Door Leaf Width.
• 7.2.1.2.3.2 Door openings in means of egress shall be not less than 32
in. (810 mm) in clear width, except under any of the following
conditions:
• (1) Where a pair of door leaves is provided, one door leaf shall provide
not less than a 32 in. (810 mm) clear width opening.
• (2)*Exit access door assemblies serving a room not exceeding 70 ft2
(6.5 m2) and not required to be accessible to persons with severe
mobility impairments 0.81 METERS
shall be not less than 24 in. (610 mm) in door
leaf width.
• (3)*Door openings serving a building or portion thereof not required
to be accessible to persons with severe mobility impairments shall be
permitted to be 28 in. (710 mm) in door leaf width.
• (4) In existing buildings, the existing door leaf width shall be not less
than 28 in. (710 mm).
DOORS (NFPA)
• 7.2.1.4.5 Door Leaf Operating Forces.
• 7.2.1.4.5.1 The forces required to fully open any door leaf
manually in a means of egress shall not exceed 15 lbf (67 N) to
release the latch, 30 lbf (133 N) to set the leaf in motion, and
15 lbf (67 N) to open the leaf to the minimum required
width, unless otherwise specified as follows:
• (1) The opening forces for interior side-hinged or pivoted
swinging door leaves without closers shall not exceed 5 lbf
(22 N).
• (2) The opening forces for existing door leaves in existing
buildings shall not exceed 50 lbf (222 N) applied to the latch
stile.
DOORS (NFPA)
• 7.2.1.7 Panic Hardware and Fire Exit Hardware.
• 7.2.1.7.1 Where a door assembly is required to be equipped with
panic or fire exit hardware, such hardware shall meet all of the
following criteria:
• (1) It shall consist of a cross bar or a push pad, the actuating
portion of which extends across not less than one-half of the
width of the door leaf.
• (2) It shall be mounted as follows: (a) New installations shall be
not less than 34 in. (865 mm), and not more than 48 in. (1220
mm), above the floor. (b) Existing installations shall be not less
than 30 in. (760 mm), and not more than 48 in. (1220 mm),
above the floor.
• (3) It shall be constructed so that a horizontal force not to exceed
15 lbf (66 N) actuates the cross bar or push pad and latches.
DOORS (NFPA)
• 7.2.1.5.8.1 Door assemblies on stair enclosures shall be
permitted to be equipped with hardware that prevents re-entry
into the interior of the building, provided that all of the following
criteria are met:
• (1) There shall be not less than two levels where it is possible to
leave the stair enclosure to access another exit.
• (2) There shall be not more than four stories intervening
between stories where it is possible to leave the stair enclosure
to access another exit.
• (3) Re-entry shall be possible on the top story or next-to-top
story served by the stair enclosure, and such story shall allow
access to another exit.
• (4) Door assemblies allowing re-entry shall be identified as such
on the stair side of the door leaf.
STAIRS
STAIRS (NBC)
• National Building Code of the Philippines Chapter 12 Section
1207
• (e)Stairways. Except stairs or ladders used only to access,
equipment, every stairway serving any building or portion
thereof shall conform to the following requirements:
• (1) Width. Stairways serving an occupant load of more than 50
shall not be less than 1.10 meters. Stairways serving an
occupant load of 50 or less may be 900 millimeters wide.
Private stairways serving an occupant load of less than 10 may
be 750 millimeters. Trim and handrails shall not reduce the
required width by more than 100 millimeters.
STAIRS (NBC)
• (2) Rise and Run. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not
exceed 200 millimeters and the run shall not less than 250
millimeters. The maximum variations in the height of risers and
the width of treads in any one flight shall be 5 millimeters.
• (5) Landing. Every landing shall have a dimension measured in
the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such
dimension need not exceed 1.20 meters when the stairs has a
straight run. Landings when provided shall not be reduced in
width by more than 100 millimeters by a door when fully open.
• (6) Basement Stairways. Where a basement stairway and a
stairway to an upper storey terminate in the same exit
enclosure, an approved barrier shall be provided to prevent
persons from continuing on to the basements. Directional exit
signs shall be provided as specified in this Code.
STAIRS (NBC)
• (7) Distance Between Landings. There shall be not more than
3.60 meters vertical distance between landings.

3.60 METERS
STAIRS (NBC)
≥ 2.00 METERS
• (12) Headroom. Every required stairway shall have a
headroom clearance of not less than 2.00 meters. Such
clearance shall be established by measuring vertically from a
plane parallel and tangent to the stairway tread nosing to the
soffit above all points.
STAIRS (FCP)
• SECTION 10.2.5.4 STAIRS
• B. Dimensional Criteria
• 1. Standard stairs shall meet the following criteria:
• a. New stairs shall be in accordance with Table 2 and 4.
• 2. Minimum New Stair Width
• a. Where the total occupant load of all storeys served by the stair is
fewer than 50, the minimum width clear of all obstructions, except
projections not more than one hundred fourteen millimeters (114 mm)
at or below handrail height on each side, shall be nine hundred fifteen
millimeters (915 mm).
• b. Where stairs serve occupant loads exceeding that permitted by para B
2(a) of this Section, the minimum width clear of all obstructions, except
projections not more than one hundred fourteen millimeters (114 mm)
at or below handrail height on each side, shall be in accordance with
Table 4 and the requirements of para B 2(c), (d), and (e) of this Section.
STAIRS (FCP)
STAIRS (FCP)
• G. Stair Details
• 3. There shall be no variation exceeding five millimeters
(5mm), in the width of treads or in height of risers in any flight
• 4. Every tread less than twenty five centimeters (25 cm) shall
have a nosing or an effective projection of approximately
twenty five millimeters (25mm) over the level immediately
below.
STAIRS (FCP)
• H. Guards and Handrails
• 1. Means of egress such as stairs, stair landings, balconies, ramps
and aisles located along the edge of open-sided floor and
mezzanines, shall have guards to prevent falls over the open side.
Each new stair, stair landing, and ramp shall have handrails on
both sides.
• 2. Required guards and handrails shall continue for the full length
of each flight of stairs.
• 3. The design of guards and handrails and the hardware for
attaching handrails to guards, balusters, or masonry walls shall be
such that there are no projecting logs on attachment devices or
non-projecting corners or members of grilles or panels which may
engage loose clothing. Opening in guards shall be designed to
prevent loose clothing from becoming wedged in such openings.
STAIRS (FCP)
• 4. Handrails Details:
• a. Handrails on stairs shall be not less than seventy six
centimeters (76 cm) nor more than eighty six and one-half
centimeters (86.5 cm) above the upper surface of the tread,
measured vertically to the top of the rail from a point on the
tread twenty five millimeters (25 mm) back from the leading
edge, except on stairways designed for use by children an
additional handrail may be provided lower than the main
handrail.
• b. Handrails shall provide a clearance of at least thirty eight
(38) millimeters between handrail and wall to which it is
fastened. Handrails shall be of such design and so supported as
to withstand a load of not less than ninety one kilos (91 kg)
applied to any point, downward or horizontally.
STAIRS (FCP)
• I. Smokeproof Enclosures
• 9. Stair Pressurization
• a. Smokeproof enclosures using stair pressurization shall use
an approved engineered system with a design pressure
difference across the barrier of not less than 12.5 N/m2 in
sprinklered buildings, or 25 N/m2 in nonsprinklered
buildings, and shall be capable of maintaining these pressure
differences under likely conditions of stack effect or wind. The
pressure difference across doors shall not exceed that which
allows the door to begin to be opened by a force of 133 N in
accordance with Section 10.2.5.3 of this IRR
THANK
YOU

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