 Typical materials that are removed during

PRIMARY TREATMENT include :

1. Fats, Oils, and Greases (Aka FOG)
2. Sand, Gravels, And Rocks (Aka Grit)
3. Settleable solids like Human waste and
Floating materials

 The use of this is to protect pumps and

equipments from damages.
 Screening
 Comminutor
 Grit removal
 Primary sedimentation
 Screening is the first unit operation used
at waste water treatment plants
(WWTPs). Screening removes objects such as
rags, paper, plastics, and metals to prevent
damage and clogging of
downstream equipment, piping, and
appurtenances.
 COARSE SCREENS
 Coarse screens are used to protect pumps,
valves, and pipelines from damage due to
clogging of large objects
 They are also known as bar screens
 Bar spacing of approximately 6 to 50 mm and
inclined at 45 to 60 degrees
 The advantage of using this type of screen is
it doesn’t require power
 The disadvantage is manual labor of the
removal of the objects
 Advantage
1. Low labor
2. Wet screenings
3. Automatic

 Disadvantage
1. Expensive
 They have .2 to 1.2mm clear openings and
are designed for flow rates of about 400 to
1200 L/m^2.
 The wastewater to be treated flows through
the basket from inside to outside. Whilst the
wastewater flows through the open front into
the screen basket, solids are retained within
the drum. A special sealing between the
channel and the front-end screen basket
opening prevents unscreened wastewater
from passing through the screen basket.
 Is a cutting screen that shreds any large
chunks of organic matter in the waste water
to smaller pieces. This prevents the large
chunks from harming the internal workings of
the treatment plant.
 A GRIT is pieces of rocks, metals, bones, and
egg shells, which are denser the organic
materials. Removal of grit prevents damage
to machinery through abrasion or clogging.
Grit causes excessive wear and tear on
pumps and other plant equipment.
 Grit chambers are long narrow tanks that are
designed to slow down the flow so that solids
such as sand, coffee grounds, and eggshells
will settle out of the water.
 is the process of allowing particles in
suspension in water to settle out of the
suspension under the effect of gravity. The
particles that settle out from the suspension
become sediment, and in water treatment is
known as sludge.
 A sedimentation tank allows suspended
particles to settle out of water or wastewater
as it flows slowly through the tank, thereby
providing some degree of purification. A layer
of accumulated solids, called sludge, forms at
the bottom of the tank and is periodically
removed.