Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Facility Layout
Layout Planning
Layout planning in manufacturing & service
organizations
– deals with physical arrangement of various
resources that are available in the system
– with an objective to improve the performance of
the operating system
Benefits of good layout design
– Jobs in a manufacturing system travel lesser
distance
– Customers spend less time in service systems
– Costs & Lead time come down
– Improved quality
Facility Layout
Defined
Facility layout can be defined as the
process by which the placement of
departments, workgroups within
departments, workstations,
machines, and stock-holding
points within a facility are
determined
Basic principles
Total movement of materials should be
minimum
Layout should ensure adequate safety
Fixed-Position Layout
Process Layout
(job shop or functional layout)
A production system design in which
similar machines or functions are
grouped together.
Most efficient when making products
Process Layout
An example
Product A
Product B L L L L D D
Product C D D
L L L L
D D
M M
G G G
M M
Advantages of process
layout
Initial investment is low
Greater flexibility
High variety
Given
– The flow (number of moves) to and from all
departments
– The cost of moving from one department to
another
– The existing or planned physical layout of
the plant
Determine
– The “best” locations for each department,
where best means maximizing flow, which
minimizing costs
Product Layout
(Line Layout \Flow shop Layout)
It is a layout in which equipments
or work processes are arranged
according to the progressive
steps by which the product is
made.
In this every item follows same
sequence from beginning to end
High volume and low variety.
Carwash
Product Layout
Figure
Raw Finished
Station Station
Station Station
Station Station
Station
materials 1 22 33 44 item
or customer
Material Material Material Material
Product Layout
An example
Product A
L D M G
Product B
L D L G
Product C
L D M L G
advantages
Lower work in process inventories.
Shorter processing time
Disadvantages
Question:
Question:Suppose
Supposeyou
youload
loadwork
workinto
intothe
thethree
threework
work
stations
stationsbelow
belowsuch
suchthat
thateach
eachwill
willtake
takethe
thecorresponding
corresponding
number
numberof ofminutes
minutesas
asshown.
shown. What
Whatis isthe
thecycle
cycletime
timeof
of
this
thisline?
line?
A B G
H
C D E F
C D E F
3.25 1.2 .5 1
Answer:
Answer: Task
TaskCCis
isthe
thecycle
cycletime
timeofofthe
theline
lineand
and
therefore,
therefore,the
themaximum
maximumrate
rateof
of production.
production.
Answer:
Answer:
Production time per period
Required Cycle Time, C =
Required output per period
A (4.2-2=2.2)
A (4.2-2=2.2)
B (2.2-1=1.2)
A (4.2-2=2.2)
B (2.2-1=1.2)
G (1.2-1= .2)
Idle= .2
A (4.2-2=2.2) C (4.2-3.25)=.95
B (2.2-1=1.2)
G (1.2-1= .2)
Idle= .2
A (4.2-2=2.2) C (4.2-3.25)=.95
B (2.2-1=1.2)
G (1.2-1= .2)
Group Technology:
Benefits
1. Better human relations
Group Technology:
Transition from Process Layout
1. Grouping parts into families that
follow a common sequence of steps
2. Identifying dominant flow patterns
of parts families as a basis for
location or relocation of processes
3. Physically grouping machines and
processes into cells
Question:
Question: What
What are
are our
our primary
primary
considerations
considerations for
for aa fixed
fixed position
position
layout?
layout?
Answer:
Answer:Arranging
Arranging materials
materials and
and equipment
equipment
concentrically
concentrically around
around the
the production
production point
point in
in
their
their order
order of
of use.
use.