High performance fiber

PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED BY :-

MuhammadMuddaserSharif

 07-NTU-87
Presentedto :-

SIRUZAIRSb
TITLE :-
SectionA

 ChemicallyResistant Fibers
 PEEK
 PPS
 PEI
INTRODUCTION:-
 Definition
 Chemicallyresistantorganic polymericfibers

includethose whichare designedtoresist

chemicalattack foracceptable periodduring
thereservicelivesandbothambientandelevated
temperatures
 Somechemicalresistantfiber

1. Aramids
2. Arimids
STRUCTURE:-
 Thesefibersare inertdueto
1. Strongbondingsystemwithinthepolymeric
backbone
2. Presenceofnoornonreactive sidegroups
3. Duetothealiphatic chainhydrogenatoms
increasesthe tendencyofOxidationsothere
presenceshouldbeminimum
EFFECT OF OXIDIZING AGENT:-

 The fiberfrompolyethylene andpolypropylene

haveacceptable resistance tomanychemicales
atambienttemperature butresistancedecrease
whenatemperature reachesat 50 c
 Especiallywhenoxidizingagentare
present the chemical resistanceoffiber
isdecreased
EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP:-
 Thepolymerbackbone shouldbe freeof
hydrolysablefunctionalgroup

1. Ester

2. Amide
 Thefiberbasedonaliphatic polyamideand
polyesterstructureslacksufficientchemical
durability
FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
 Thefunctionalgroupwhichenhancethechemical
resistanceorchemicaldurability
1. Aromaticanalogues
2. Polyaramids
 Showgreaterresistance
PEEK

 Itisabbreviationofpoly (etheretherketones)
INTRODUCTION:-
 Itistheforemostmemberofthe familyofsemi
crystallinearomaticthermoplastic polymer
POLYETHER KETONES )PEKS(

 Itiscapableofbeing formedintoanextensiverange
ofmonofilamentsandfiberusinghightemerature
meltspinningtechniques
STRUCTURE :-
 PEEkhasapolymerrepeatunitofoneketoneand
two ethergroups
 Thisprovidesalinearfullyaromatichighlystable ,
structurecontainingonlycarbon , hydrogenand
oxygen
PEEK
STRUCTURE

c
n
O
HISTORY :-
 Someexperimentswere carriedoutin 1990’s
 Itisfirstmanufactured andcommercialized byICI
advancematerialinthe late 1970’sandearly 1980’s
underthebrandname VICTREX PEEK
 Theamphasiswasoninjection moulding
applicationbutworkbyICIandLEEDSuniversity
showedthepolymer’spotentialsfor producinghigh
specificationfiber .
 Othermanufacturerintroducedpilot plant
developmentofcompetitive polyetherketones
throughthe 1980’s
MANUFACTURERS :-
 Manufacturersofpolyetherketonesare
1. PEKEKKbyBASF
2. PEKKbyDuPont
3. PEEKKbyHoechst
 Tg (glass -rubber transitiontemp)
AND Tm (meltingpoint) ofpoly
etherketone
Tm °c Tg °c polymer
334 143 PEEK
365 150 PEEKK
365 152 PEK
381 170 PEKEKK
391 165 PEKK
SECTION B
PEEkfiberPerformance factors
:-
 Temperatureperformance
 Chemicalinertness
 Abrasionresistance
 Dimensionalstability
 Polymerpurity
 Flammability
 Processability
 Sustainability
DETAILS :-
 Temperatureperformance
 Acontinuesoperatingtemperatureformanyapplication
of up[ to 260 °c with short excursions to 300 °c
being possible , and non brittle low temp
performance down to -60 °c
 Chemicalinertness
 Itisunaffectedbyhightempsteamandmostfluidand
chemical reagent
 Abrasionresistance
 Ithasatough, lowfriction, lowwear , cut resistant surface
andisparticularlygoodat resistingabrasionat elevated
tempandrelativelyhighsurfacespeed.
 Dimensionalstability
 Itexhibitslowcreepandlowshrinkageespeciallybelow
itsTg (143 °c) , it has excellent dynamic recovery
and flex fatigue performance
 Polymerpurity

areexceptionallypure, without theneedforstabilising
additives, andtheyhaveEECandFDAapproval for
medical 268 High-performancefibres
TABLE PROPERTIES OF PEEK

Value/parameter Property
Beige (thick section) Colour
1.30 Specific gravity
334 Melting point,
143 Glass transition, Tg,
30–35 Crystallinity, %
0.1 Moisture regain, 65% rh 20 °C,
190 Dielectric strength, kV/cm
1016 Resistivity, ohm-cm
1.34 Heat capacity, kJ/kg/°C
0.25 Thermal conductivity, W/m/°C
 Flammability

fibresareself-extinguishingwithanLOI of 35% while
emittingoneofthelowest levelsofsmokeandtoxic
gases.
 Processability
 theroomtemperaturephysicalpropertiesofPEEKfibres
aresimilartothoseofbothpolyesterandnylon, sotextile
processessuchasweavingandbraidingcanbe
convenientlyperformed
 Sustainability
 recoveryandrecyclingof PEEKasamaterialcanbe
carriedoutundercertainconditionswithlittlelossofkey
physicalproperties.18
FIBRE PRODUCTS
 Startingintheearly 1980s, a numberofcompanies
setouttoproduce PEEKfibresofvariousdifferent
typesforcommercialsale. Initially, circularcross -
sectionmonofilamentsinthediameterrange 0.4 to
1.0mmwereextrudedat hightemperature, cooled,
drawnandrelaxedtogive lowshrinkageproducts
withphysicalpropertiesinthe range 0.3 to 0.4
N/textenacityand 30 to 40% extension-to-break,
withhot-airshrinkagesbelo 2% at 180°C.
 Finerindividualmonofilsandprogressivelyfiner
multifilamentyarnsdownto 100 dtexandfilament
finenessesof 3 dtex (20mm) have beenrefined
throughthe 1990s, yieldingfurtherimprovementsin
tenacity.
 Additionally, awiderrange ofcross-sectional
types, includingrectangularandhollowfilaments
andanincreasingrange ofcolourpigmented
monofilaments, have become availableforthemain
monofildiameters (0.20 to 1.50mm).
-: MANUFACTURER
 ZYEXLimited
 Teijin
 Kosa
 Shakespeare
 Luxilon
 AlbanyInternational
 FIBRE PROPERTIES

% Strength retained Fibre

Temperature
300°C 250°C 200°C 150°C

90 95 100 100 PEEK

0 75 95 100 m-aramid

Melted 0 90 100 PPS

melted 0 30 90 PET
 PEEK AND OTHER FIBRES EXPOSED FOR 7 DAYS IN
PRESSURISED STEAM

% Strength retained Fibre

Temperature

300 250 200 150 100

80 95 100 100 100 PEEK

disintegrated 0 90 100 100 PPS

0 0 0 90 100 M-aramid

disintegrated 0 0 0 90 PET
 CYCLES TO FAILURE FOR PEEK AND OTHER FIBRES
AS THREADS – THREAD ON THREAD ABRASION AT 120°C

Cycles to failure Fibre

900 PEEK

600 PA

500 PET

250 M-aramid

50 PPS
FIBRE APPLICATIONS
 Applicationsrelate toindustrialandtechnicalend -
uses whereacombinationofgood physical
propertiesandinertnesstothe environmentare
essentialfeatures:
 Processconveyorbelts
 Pressfilters
 Protectivebraids
 Reinforcedrubbergaskets
 Industrialbristles
 Protectiveclothing
 Sportsstrings
 Musicstrings
 Thermoplasticcomposites
:PROCESS CONVEYOR BELTS

 ThemainstreamapplicationforPEEKfibres isin
industrialconveyorbeltsthatcarryproductthrough
aggressiveprocessingstages effectivelyona
continuousbasis, inparticular, inthe manufactureof
paperornonwovenfabric productswherepressing ,
bondingordryingstagescaninvolve temperatures
upto 300 °Catline speedsupto 300m/min
PRESS FILTERS

 FinewovenscreensofPEEKare usedinframe
filters, orslow-movingpressfilterapplicationsfor
theproductionofboardproducts orthedewatering
ofchemicalpowders. Dimensionalstabilityandthe
abilitytosurvive manymore pressurecycles than
equivalentmetalscreensare importanthere .
PROTECTIVE BRAIDS

 PEEKbraids, made mainlyfromcoloured/pigmented

monofilsareincreasinglyimportantinaerospace,
automotiveandindustrialapplications. Inparticular,
the additionalchaferesistance andtemperature
stabilitydeliveredare idealforelectricalwiringlooms
associatedwithenginecomponentsinaircraftand
motorvehicles. Inaddition, inanyenclosedsituations
wheretoxicfumesfromburningwiringcouldposea
threattolife, PEEKasa cable coveringisideal
REINFORCED RUBBER GASKETS

 AmultifilPEEKscrim fabric isusedto

reinforcesynthetic rubbergasketsandbellows . The
fibre’suniquecombinationof goodflexfatigue
performanceandresistance tothe chemical
breakdownproductsofthe rubberathigh
temperaturegreatlyextends componentlifetimein
specialisedapplications.
INDUSTRIAL BRISTLES

 Brushbristlesusedforhot-cleaningextrudersand
injectionmouldsare sometimespreferredasPEEK
monofils, ratherthansoftmetalwires.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
 MultifilPEEKsewingthreads have foundniche
marketsinindustrialprotective clothing , associated
withtheirchemicalinertness. Also, hookandloop
fastenersutilisingbothmonofiland multifilPEEK
productsareusedin quick-releasegarmentsin
hightemperature environments.
SPORTS STRINGS

 Thepossibilityofmanufacturingfibresthatexhibit
deformationand rapidrecoveryfromhighstress
rateshasgivenrise toPEEK’suse inup-market
tennis, squashandracquetballstring
MUSIC STRINGS

 Theuniquetonalquality andtension-holdingthat
canbe achievedfromspecifiedPEEKproductshave
givenriseto theiradoptionforguitar, violinand
otherstringedinstruments
THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES

 PEEKfibrescanalsobeusedasa sourceofthe
matrixincomposites. Intimatelymixedwith
carbonfibres, PEEKfibresprovide anideal
feedstockforthe productionofadvanced
thermoplasticcomposites. Inthe pressurisedhigh -
temperaturemoulding
POLY(ETHER IMIDE), PEI
 LikePEEK, poly(etherimide) isreallyan
engineeringplastic whichhasfoundapplicationas
fibresinsomeapplicationswhere chemicaland
temperatureresistance are required. Althoughits
temperatureresistance isslightlyinferiortothatof
PEEK, PEIisacheapermaterial.
-: MANUFACTURER
 Teijin
 Acordis (formerlyAkzo)
-: PROPERTIES
 PEIisessentiallyanamorphouspolymerwhichmay
bemelt-spuntoyieldfibreshavingonlymoderate
tenacities (0.25N/Tex)
 breakingelongationsofabout 40%.
 Fibrescan resisttemperaturesupto 190 °Cforlong
periodsandalsopossesshighLOIvalueof 45%
 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF PEI WITH PPS AND PEEK FIBRES33

Tensile LOI, % Tmax, °C Tm, °C Fibre

strength, N/tex

0.192-24 44-45 170-190 215-225 PEI

0.45 34 190 285 PPS

0.60-0.65 35 260-300 234 PEEK

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PEI FIBRES
Strength retention Concentration Chemical
after 1500 h at 20 °C, %
101 10% Hcl
99 10% HNO3
95 10% H2SO4
106 10% HF
104 10& CH3COOH
101 Saturated NaCl
104 Mineral oil
110 pH 9 Borax
104 pH 10 (NH4)3PO4
96 pH11 NH3
107 pH 12.5 Ca(OH)2
84 pH 3,5 NaOH
THANKS