4G

TECHNOLOGY
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 Introduction
• 4G is an initialism of the term Fourth-Generation
Communications System.
• A 4G system will provide an end-to-end IP
solution where voice, data and streamed
multimedia can be served to users on an
"Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher data rates
than previous generations.
• No formal definition is set as to what 4G is, but
the objectives that are predicted for 4G can be
summarized as follows:
 Introduction -cont’d
•  The following are some possible features of the 4G systems :

• Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and

other broadband services.

• High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.

• Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.

• Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service

(QoS) requirements

• Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.

• Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

Introduction - cont’d
Technology - parameters of
3G Vs 4G

Attribute 3G 4G
Predominantly voice- data as
Major Characteristic Converged data and VoIP
add-on
Hybrid – integration of Wireless
Network Architecture Wide area Cell based
Lan (WiFi), Blue Tooth, Wide Area
Frequency Band 1.6 - 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz
Optimized antenna; multi-band Smart antennas; SW multi-band;
Component Design
adapters wideband radios
Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 100+ MHz
Data Rate 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps 20 – 100 Mbps
Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM
Forward Error Correction Convolution code 1/2, 1/3; turbo Concatenated Coding
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
Mobile top Speed 200 kmph 200 kmph
IP Multiple versions All IP (IPv6.0)
Operational ~2003 ~2010
Architecture
Architecture - cont’d
 Challenges
• 4G definition
– A global consensus on the 4G definition is needed before the
standardization starts.
– Despite efforts there still are too many diverging approached to
4G.
• Seamless connectivity
– Inter- and intra-network connectivity is fundamental to the
provision of temporally and spatially seamless services.
– Vertical and horizontal handovers are critical for 4G. In the
former case, the heterogeneity and variety of networks
exacerbate the problem.
• Latency
– Many 4G services are delay sensitive.
– Guaranteeing short delays in networks with different access
architecture and coverage is far from straightforward.
 Challenges -
cont’d
• Concealing complexity
– 4G networks would be undoubtedly complex, but this needs to
be hidden from the user.
• Spectrum issues
– Spectrum for 4G will be allocated in 2007.
– It is difficult to design a wireless system without knowing the
channel, in particular if exploit multi-antenna technology.
• Complex resource allocation
– Management of time, frequency and spatial resources in a multi-
network, multi-user environment is far from trivial.
• Interference
– Multiple access interference control and mitigation in
heterogeneous environments (coexisting air interfaces, varied
terminals and services) is an issue.
 Challenges -
cont’d
• Power consumption
– By any measure, power consumption in future multi-
function multi-standard 4G terminals will sharply increase.
– Usability is seriously compromised, heat management
becomes an issue.
• Cost
– Cost of infrastructure is key for the success of 4G.
However, new access architectures may require a large
number of access points.
– Cost of terminal should be low enough to attract
customers.
– Services need to be attractively priced.
 Development

• A Japanese company has been testing a 4G communication

system prototype at 100 Mbit/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s
while stationary. Recently reached 5 Gbit/s moving at 10
km/h, and is planning on releasing the first commercial
network in 2010.
• An Irish company has announced that they have received a
mobile communications license from Irish Telecoms regulator.
This service will be issued the mobile code 088 in Ireland and
will be used for the provision of 4G Mobile communications.
• Sprint plans to launch 4G services in trial markets by the end
of 2007 with plans to deploy a network that reaches as many
as 100 million people in 2008
Conclusion
 Sources on topic

Web Link
• ‘Wikipedia’ – title: 4G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
• National Science Foundation
http://www.nsf.gov
• Groups working on 4G : WWRF , projects funded by NSF , Lucent , AT&T, Motorola, etc.
http://www.wireless-world-research.org/
• 4G Wireless Systems
http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~jxie/4G
• 4G Wireless Standard
http://www.nd.edu/~mhaenggi/NET/wireless/4G/
• IEEE:
http://www.ieee.org
• IEEE Communications Society:
http://www.comsoc.org/index.html
• International Telecommunications Union:
http://www.itu.org
• Association of Computer Machinery:
http://www.acm.org
• European Telecommunications Standard Institue:
http://ww.etsl.org
• 3Gpp partnership project:
http://www.3gpp.org
• Internet Engineering Task Force:
http://www.ietf.orgB
• Bluetooth official website:
http://www.bluetooth.com
• WAP forum:
http://www.WAPForum.org
THANK YOU