MOTIVATION

PROF. RAM GAIKWAD

 MOTIVATION

What drives people to do the things they do?

 MOTIVATION
 Influences that account for
 initiation
 direction
 intensity
 persistence of behavior
 Reason people do what they do
 MOTIVATION
Motivation is a state of tension within the
individual which
 Arouses
 Maintains and
 Directs
Behavior toward a goal.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
MOTIVES
 The “why” of human behavior
 Five characteristics of motives:
 individualistic
 changing
 may be unconscious
 are often inferred
 are hierarchical
 Figure 7.1
MOTIVATIONAL

CYCLE
 INFLUENTIAL
MOTIVAYION THEORIES
 Many psychologists have added to our
knowledge of what motivates people

 Basic problem is how to apply knowledge

in the workplace

 Several theories are influential

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
 People tend to satisfy their needs in a
particular order

 Maslow called this order:

“The Hierarchy of Needs”

 Theory has three main assumptions

MASLOW’S ASSUMPTIONS

 People have a number of needs that

require some measure of satisfaction

 Only unsatisfied needs motivate behavior

 Needs are ordered according to

prepotency
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Self-
Actualization

Esteem

Belongingness

Safety

Physiological
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
 Survival, or lower-order needs

 Include needs for food, clothing, sleep,

and shelter

 In a good economy, these needs rarely

dominate
SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS

 Reflect peoples’ desire for predictability

in life

 Safety needs focus on protection from

physical harm

 Security needs reflect the need to

provide for oneself and one’s family
 SOCIAL OR
BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
 Involve emotional and mental well-being
 Needs for affection, a sense of belonging, and
group identification are powerful
 Two major aspects
 frequent, positive interaction with consistent
group
 framework of stable, long-term caring and
concern
 SELF-ESTEEM NEEEDS
 Self-esteem describes how you feel
about yourself

 Esteem needs relate to a person’s self-

respect and the respect he or she
receives from others
 SELF-ACTUALIZATION
NEEDS
 Represent a person’s need for growth
 Fulfilling potential or realizing fullest
capacities as human beings
 Motivates by presence, others motivate
by absence
 Rarely fully attained
 MASLOE’S THEORY
RECONSIDERED
 Maslow’s theory has helped us understand
behavior
 The hierarchy should not be taken too
literally
 Research shows only two lowest needs
are hierarchical
 Humans are motivated at any one time by
a complex array of needs
THE COMPLEX NATURE OF
MOTIVATION
 Learning what motivates you is an
essential part of knowing yourself
 Knowing what motivates others is basic to
establishing and maintaining effective
relationships
 Each person is motivated by different
needs, at varying degrees, and at
different times!
MOTIVATIONAL PROBLEMS
# LACK OF ENTHUSIASM # FAMILY MATTERS
 Spending time on personal calls  Health problems
 Conflicting priorities
 Taking long lunches
# LESS ALERTS
 Making inter office social visits  Absent minded
 Tense and irritable
 Not setting goals

 Not meeting deadlines # FEELING OF BEING TRAPPED

 Likely to take criticism personally

# LACK OF AUTONOMY
 Rebellious and political
 MOTIVATION IS
TWO-DIMENSIONAL
 External motivation is an action taken by
another person
 Usually involves an incentive or
anticipation of a reward
 Examples:
 Money
 Awards
 Performance feedback
 MOTIVATION IS
TWO-DIMENSIONAL
 Internal motivation is self-granted and
comes when something is meaningful or
gives sense of purpose
 Examples:
 Job contentment
 Individual growth
 Achievement
 MOTIVATION IS
TWO-DIMENSIONAL
 Most people need both

 Organizations should strive to balance

internal and external motivation
FACTORS THAT MOTIVATE
EMPLOYEES
 Job satisfaction
 Security
 Employee appraisal and evaluation
 Promotion
 Non-pay incentives
 Personal challenge
 Employee participation and responsibility
 Social contact
 Play
 Training and personal development
 HOW TO MOTIVATE OTHERS

 Be motivated yourself
 Select highly motivated people
 Treat each person as an individual
 Set realistic and challenging target
 Remember that progress motivates
 Create a motivating environment
 Provide fair rewards
 Give recognition
TOTAL PERSON INSIGHT

Dependent people need others to get

what they want. Independent people can
get what they want through their own
efforts. Interdependent people combine
their own efforts with the efforts of others
to achieve their greatest success.

Stephen R. Covey
Author, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
MOTIVATION

THANK YOU