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AS Chemistry

Measuring the
CONCENTRATION of
a solution
- MOLARITY
MOLAR CONCENTRATION
SOLVENT + SOLUTE  SOLUTION
4V 3V 2V V
+ + + +
8g 5g 2g 2g

Which solution is the least concentrated, and why?

Concentration measures the RATIO of amount of solute to


volume of solution.  THIRD solution is least concentrated
The concentration of a solution INCREASES as the
amount of :
(a) solute INCREASES
(b) solvent DECREASES
Definition :
Molar concentration (C) of a sample of solution
Number of moles (n) of solute in sample
=
Volume (V) of solution measured in dm3

[ 1dm3 = 1 cubic decimetre = 1000 cm3 ]

 Units of molar concentration are :


moles per cubic decimetre
= mol per dm3 or mol dm-3

C x Vcm3
n =
1000
eg1 Calculate the CONCENTRATION of a solution
containing 0.12 moles of glucose in 500 cm3 of
solution

Number of moles in soln (n) 0.12


Volume of solution (V dm3) 500 / 1000 = 0.5
Concentration of solution (M) 0.12 / 0.5 = 0.24 M
eg2 Calculate the CONCENTRATION of a solution
containing 4.2g of sodium chloride in 250 cm3 of
solution

Formula of solute NaCl


Mole mass of solute (m g) 23.1 + 35.5 = 58.5
Mass of solute in soln (w g) 4.2
Number of moles in soln (n) 4.2 / 58.5 = 0.0718
Volume of solution (V dm3) 250 / 1000 = 0.25

Concentration of solution (M) 0.0718 / 0.25 = 0.287 M


eg3 Calculate the NUMBER OF MOLES of solute in
300 cm3 of a 0.15 mol dm-3 solution

Concentration of solution (M) 0.15

Volume of solution (V dm3) 300 / 1000 = 0.3

Number of moles in soln (n) 0.15 x 0.3 = 0.045


eg4 Calculate the MASS of sodium sulphate in
37.6 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 solution

Formula of solute Na2SO4

Mole mass of solute (m g) 2(23.1) + 32.1 +4(16.0) = 142.3

Concentration of solution (M) 0.05

Volume of solution (V dm3) 37.6 / 1000 = 0.0376

Number of moles in soln (n) 0.05 x 0.0376 = 0.00188

Mass of solute in soln (w g) 0.00188 x 142.3 = 0.268


eg5 Calculate the VOLUME of a 0.028 mol dm-3
solution which contains 0.0027 moles of solute

Number of moles in soln (n) 0.0027

Concentration of solution (M) 0.028

Volume of solution (V dm3) 0.0027 / 0.028 = 0.0964


Try some examples for yourself :

1. Calculate the molar concentration of each of the following solutions


which contain:

(a) 1.60 moles of sodium hydroxide, NaOH in 5.0dm3 of solution

(b) 0.125 moles of potassium chloride, KCl in 1.2dm3 of solution

(c) 0.0030 moles of barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 in 0.5dm3 of solution

(d) 1.34 x 10-3 moles of hydrochloric acid , HCl in in 50.0 cm3 of solution

(e) 8.04 x 10-5 moles of sulphuric acid, H2SO4 in 12.7cm3 of solution


2. Calculate the number of moles of solute contained in each of the
following solutions (Rem “M” = mol dm-3)

(a) 5.00dm3 of 1.2M sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution

(b) 1.20 dm3 of 0.80M potassium chloride, KCl, solution

(c) 0.030 dm3 of 0.76M barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, solution

(d) 250 cm3 of 0.080M hydrochloric acid , HCl, solution

(e) 24.7 cm3 of 0.05M sulphuric acid, H2SO4, solution


3. Work out the relative mass (Mr) and hence the mass of one mole of
each of the substances and then use your answers to calculate the
number of moles of solute present and hence the molar concentration
of each of the following solutions which contain:

(a) 80.0g sodium hydroxide, NaOH in 5.0dm3 of solution

(b) 12.5g potassium chloride, KCl in 1.2dm3 of solution

(c) 7.8g barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 in 0.5dm3 of solution

(d) 0.25g hydrochloric acid , HCl in in 50.0 cm3 of solution

(e) 0.00345g sulphuric acid, H2SO4 in 12.7cm3 of solution


The End

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