 Project theme

 Variations of sun ray angles for the relevant days

 Step variation of the PV daily angle
 Tracking efficiency variation
 Geometric synthesis of the tracking linkage
 Scheme of the conceptual solution
To determinate the conceptual solution for a mono-axial
tracked PV, knowing the following data:
the PV tracked system will be implemented in Brasov area
(with φ = 45.6° lat. N and the turbidity factor Tr ≈ 3);
the calculus season: winter
the angular daily stroke: Δψ* = ±45degrees;
the length of the daily rocker: r = 300 mm;

the minimum length between linear actuator

articulations: s0 = 400 mm;
the step duration: 1 h;
transmission ratio of the actuator worm gear: 50:1;

the pitch of the actuator screw linkage: ps = 4 mm;

the motor pulses’ number : p=2 pulses/rotation.

 Declination 360 o ( n − 80 )
δ = 23.45 sin
o

365

 Hour angle ω = 15 o ( t s − 12)

α = sin −1 (sin δ sin ϕ + cos δ cos ϕ cos ω)

 Altitude angle
 sin α sin ϕ − sin δ 
ψ = (sgn ω ) cos −1  
 Azimuth angle  cos α cos ϕ 
 The calculus for summer season are
made for 3 relevant days, N=335,345and
355
Alfa max Alfa season

75
70
65
60
55
50
45
g
[d
rs
]e

40
35
30
25
20
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360
Day Number
 In the first day of the season the sun rises at 7.99 and sets at
16.00.
Alfa has the higher maximum value of 21.83 degrees.
Variations of sun ray angles for the
relevant days

In the second day of the season the sun rises at 7.99 and sets at
16.00.
Alfa has the higher maximum value of 21.22 degrees
Variations of sun ray angles for the
relevant days

In the last day of the season the sun rises at 7.99 and sets at
16.00.
Alfa has the higher maximum value of 20.95 degrees
 The orientation program of the mono-axial tracked PV system of the
middle day is available for the whole season.

We take every step of the PV to be made every hour so at 12.00

when the amount of radiation is maximum angle of incidence to be equal to 0.
 The incidence angle is the angle between sun ray and the PV
normal
 The incidence angle is the angle between sun ray and the PV
normal
 The incidence angle is the angle between sun ray and the PV
normal
 For the winter season the optimal angle of alpha* is
±9°.
 For winter season knowing the following data:
 the PV tracked system will be implemented in Brasov area
(with φ = 45.6° lat. N and the turbidity factor Tr ≈ 3); only
beam radiation will be considered in the clear sky prerequisite;
 the calculus season autumn
 the angular daily stroke: Δψ* =±90°;
 the length of the daily rocker: r = 300 mm;
 the minimum length between linear actuator articulations: s0
= 400 mm;
 it has been obtained an optimum value for the elevation angle,
α* = ±9° (18°), with an efficiency of 96.67% and the pressure
angle β = 45°. It takes tow similar linkages to perform this
mono-axial tracked PV system.